• 제목/요약/키워드: Organic acids addition

검색결과 344건 처리시간 0.022초

Characterization of Itraconazole Semisolid Dosage Forms Prepared by Hot Melt Technique

  • Shim, Sang-Young;Ji, Chang-Won;Sah, Hong-Kee;Park, Eun-Seok;Lee, Beom-Jin
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제29권11호
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    • pp.1055-1060
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    • 2006
  • The objective of this study was to formulate itraconazole semisolid dosage forms and characterize their physicochemical properties. Itraconazole and excipients such as polysorbate 80, fatty acids, fatty alcohols, oils and organic acids were melted at $160^{\circ}C$. The fused solution was then cooled immediately at $-10^{\circ}C$ to make wax-like semisolid preparations. Their physicochemical attributes were first characterized using differential scanning calorimetry, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. The solubility of itraconazole in semisolid preparations and their dispersability in the simulated gastric fluid were also determined. Our semisolid preparations did not show any distinct endothermic peak of a crystalline form of itraconazole around $160-163^{\circ}C$. This suggested that it was changed into amorphous one, when it was formulated into semisolid preparations. In addition, the distinctive functional peaks and chemical shifts of itraconazole were well retained after processing into semisolid preparations. It could be inferred from the data that itraconazole was stable during incorporation into semisolid preparations by the hot melt technique. In particular, itraconazole semisolid preparations composed of polysorbate 80, fatty acids and organic acids showed good solubility and dissolution when dispersed in an aqueous medium. It was anticipated that the semisolid dosage forms would be industrially applicable to improving the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs.

유기산 난각 칼슘 강화 숙면의 물성 (Rheological Properties of Cooked Noodle Fortified with Organic Acids-Eggshell Calcium Salts)

  • 신형순;김공환;윤정로
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제30권5호
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    • pp.1197-1202
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    • 1998
  • 폐기되는 난각으로부터 칼슘성분을 회수하여 재활용하는 방안으로서 유기산 난각칼슘염을 제조하고 생면에 첨가하여 첨가량에 따른 반죽특성, 조리성질에 미치는 영향과 숙면의 물성을 조사하였다. 칼슘염을 밀가루에 $0.2{\sim}1.0%$ 첨가하여 흡수율, 반죽형성기간, 안정도 등의 반죽 성질에 미치는 영향을 Farinograph로 조사한 결과 전반적으로 calcium malate (CM)의 경우가 calcium citrate (CC)의 경우보다 크게 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 반죽의 특성에 크게 영향을 주지 않는 범위의 첨가량은 CM의 경우 0.1% 이하이고 CC의 경우는 약 0.4%이었다. 칼슘염을 첨가하여 생면을 제조하였을 때 제조된 숙면의 조리시 부피 증가 속도는 첨가량이 증가함에 따라서 감소하였으며 이 경향은 CM 첨가시가 CC 첨가시 보다 더욱 뚜렷하게 나타났다. 숙면의 관능검사 결과 칼슘염을 0.6% 첨가시 CC의 경우 5% 수준에서 무첨가 생면간에 유의적인 차이가 인정되었으나, CM의 경우는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 이는 CC의 경우 0.6% 이상 첨가시 springiness가 급격히 증가하였으며 그 증가폭도 CM 첨가의 경우보다 컸던 점과 잘 일치하였다. 한편 반죽 특성과 숙면의 texture, 관능검사로부터 얻어진 최적 첨가량인 CC 0.4%를 첨가한 경우의 칼슘이온농도는 48 ppm으로 무첨가시의 16 ppm의 약 3배에 해당하였다. 이를 200 g의 숙면으로부터 얻어진 칼슘으로 환산한 값은 86 mg이었으며 이온화율은 97.4%이었다.

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해조류 첨가를 통한 하수슬러지 산발효 효율 증대 (Enhanced Acidification Efficiency of Sewage Sludge by Seaweed Addition)

  • 신상룡;이모권;김민균;홍성민;김동훈
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제25권1호
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    • pp.15-21
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    • 2017
  • 본 연구에서는 하수슬러지의 유기산 생산에 있어 해조류 첨가를 통한 상승효과를 확인하고자 새로운 접근을 시도하였다. 기질농도를 동일하게 20 g COD/L로 하고 하수슬러지와 해조류의 혼합비율을 COD 기준, 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100으로 조절하여 실험하였다. 실험 온도는 $35^{\circ}C$, 중온에서 이루어졌고 메탄 생산균의 활성을 억제하기 위해서 $90^{\circ}C$, 20분간 열처리된 혐기성소화슬러지를 식종균으로 이용하였다. 실험결과를 살펴보면, 해조류의 첨가량이 증가할수록 유기산의 농도도 증가하는 경향을 나타내었으며 혼합비율별 100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100 (하수슬러지:해조류) 유기산 생산량은 각각 1.45, 3.22, 4.28, 5.24, 4.82 g COD/L이었다. 하수슬러지와 해조류만의 유기산 생산량을 기반으로 하여 상승효과를 계산한 결과, 혼합비율 75:25, 50:50, 25:75 에서 각각 0.92, 1.14, 1.26 g COD/L로 나타났다. 이는 해조류가 25% 비율로 첨가 시 전체 생산된 유기산의 40%가 상승효과에 의해 생산되었음을 의미하며, 해조류의 상대적인 높은 C/N비와 생분해도에 기인한다.

NMR-based monitoring of the hangover curing effects of deep sea water minerals

  • Ha, Jong-Myung;Woo, Young Min;Kim, Andre
    • 한국자기공명학회논문지
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    • 제22권4호
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    • pp.82-90
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    • 2018
  • The term "hangover" refers to symptoms such as headache, heartburn, nausea, and dizziness caused by acetaldehyde created through alcohol decomposition in the body after alcohol intake. Many scientists have conducted research on diverse drugs, foods, and medicinal herbs aimed at eliminating hangovers. However, research on metabolism to objectively verify or measure their effects on hangover symptoms has been lacking. Accordingly, in this study, deep sea water minerals were administered orally at varying concentrations to rats that consumed alcohol, and changes in the levels of amino acids in their bodies were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to gauge the minerals' effects on hangover symptoms. Thus far, biochemical research on hangover cures has been confined to basic research measuring changes in the levels of alcohol dehydrogenase and acetaldehyde dehydrogenase as well as in the concentrations of ethanol, acetaldehyde, and acetate using spectroscopes such as enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits or gas chromatography-mass spectrometers. In comparison, this study presents pharmacokinetic research that simultaneously tracked biomaterials including amino acids and organic acids, metabolites associated with hangover, to clarify hangover mechanisms more specifically. In addition, this study examined hangover mechanisms without an external supply of tracked materials not overlapping with alcohol metabolism-related materials, such as external amino acids and sugars.

염소 소독시 DON이 유기성 클로라민 생성에 미치는 영향 (Influence of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen on Organic Chloramine Formation during Chlorination)

  • 이원태
    • 대한환경공학회지
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    • 제33권7호
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    • pp.481-484
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    • 2011
  • 염소 소독시 유기성 클로라민 생성에 대한 대부분의 연구가 모델 화합물질(예, 아미노산)을 사용한 연구결과로, 실제 자연상태에서 발생된 용존유기질소(DON)에 의한 유기성 클로라민 생성에 적용할 수 없다. 본 연구는 지표수에서 추출된 16개 천연유기물질(NOM)을 사용하여 염소 소독시 DON이 유기성 클로라민 생성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 크게 염소 주입량과 반응시간, 그리고 DON 분자량이 유기성 클로라민 생성에 미치는 영향에 대해 살펴보았다. 염소 주입량을 변화시킨 시험결과, 소비된 염소량 1 mg당 0.25 mg이 유기성 클로라민으로 전환되었다. DON은 염소와 반응하여 10분 이내에 빠르게 유기성 클로라민을 생성하였고, 그 후 계속해서 분해(가수분해, 산화)되었다. 반응시간 10분과 24시간의 유기성 클로라민 평균값은 각각 0.78과 $0.16mg-Cl_2/mg-DON$이었다. NOM의 DOC/DON 비율이 낮을수록, 즉 NOM내 DON의 함량비가 높을수록 유기성 클로라민 생성율이 높았다. 10,000 Da 분획시험 결과, DON의 분자량은 유기성 클로라민의 생성에 큰 영향을 미치지 않았다.

Effects of Pinus densiflora on soil chemical and microbial properties in Pb-contaminated forest soil

  • Kim, Sung-Hyun;Lee, In-Sook;Kang, Ho-Jeong
    • Journal of Ecology and Environment
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.315-322
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    • 2011
  • We investigated the effect of Pb uptake by Pinus densiflora and the Pb fraction in forest soil. We also investigated the change in soil physicochemical characteristics, microbial activity, and root exudates of Pinus densiflora in Pb-contaminated soils. Three-year-old pine seedlings were exposed to 500 mg/kg Pb for 12 months. The metal fractions were measured using sequential extraction procedures. Additionally, factors that affect solubility (three soil enzyme activities and amino acids of root exudate compounds) were also determined. The results showed that Pb contamination significantly decreased enzyme activities due to soil characteristics. In addition, organic matter, nitrate content, and Pb concentration were time dependent. The results indicate that changes in the Pb fraction affected Pb uptake by pine trees due to an increase in the exchangeable Pb fraction. The concentrations of organic acids were higher in Pb-spiked soil than those in control soil. Higher rhizosphere concentrations of oxalic acid resulted in increased Pb uptake from the soil. These results suggest that pine trees can change soil properties using root exudates due to differences in the metal fraction.

종균 첨가가 음식물 쓰레기 퇴비화 미생물에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Seeding on the Microbial Changes During Thermophilic Composting of Food Waste)

  • 최민호;정윤진;박연희
    • 유기물자원화
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.1-11
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    • 1996
  • 음식물 쓰레기의 고온 퇴비화 과정에서 종균 첨가가 미생물의 변화에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 실험실용 소형 퇴비화 장치에 선발한 고온성 세균, 효모 및 고온성 세균, 효모 복합종균을 첨가하여 $50^{\circ}C$에서 분해시키면서 고온성 세균과 효모의 생육 및 pH의 변화를 측정한 결과, 모든 실험구에서 효모가 우선적으로 생육하였으며 고온성 세균은 그보다 1일 또는 2일 후에 생육하였다. 종균으로 고온성 세균만 사용한 경우는 효과가 거의 없었으나 고온성 세균과 효모의 복합 종균을 첨가한 경우에는 고온성 세균의 생육이 현저히 촉진되었다. 특히 효모 종균을 단독으로 첨가한 경우에도 고온성 세균의 수가 반응 시작부터 급속히 증가하였다. 이러한 결과는 음식물 쓰레기의 분해시 고온성 세균의 증식에는 효모의 역할이 필수적인 것으로 나타났으며 그 이유는 효모가 세균의 생육을 저해하는 유기산을 제거하기 때문으로 밝혀졌다.

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자색고구마 첨가 요구르트의 제조 및 특성 (Preparation of Yogurt from Milk Added with Purple Sweet Potato)

  • 전승호;이상욱;신용서;이갑성;류일환
    • 한국식품영양학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.71-77
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    • 2000
  • New type yogurt base were prepared from milk added with skim milk powder or purple sweet potato, and fermented by lactic acid bacteria (Streptococcus thermophilus and Bifidobacterium infantis, 1:1, v/v). The yogurt proudcts were evaluated for acid production(pH, titratiable acidity), number of viable cell, viscosity, sensory properties, and color value. The composition of some organic acids was also analyzed by GC. The acid production slightly decrerased by addition with purple sweet potato. There was no significant difference in viable cell counts between control (yogurt added with only skim milk powder) and yogurt added with purple sweet potato, and viable cell counts of all samples were above 9.08 log cfu/ml. Viscosity of yogurt added with purple sweet potato(36,800∼46,000 centipoise) was higher than that of yogurt added with only skim milk powder(32,200 centipoise). The overall sensory score of yogurt added with purple sweet potato(38.6%, dry base) was the best of tested yogurt. The major organic acid of yogurt added with purple sweet potato was lactic acid. its content was 0.997∼1.203%. malic acid, succinic acid, oxalic acid, and fumaric acid were analyzed out a little. Lightness and yellowness decreased by addition with purple sweet potato but redness increased. Total color difference($\Delta$E) with yogurt addition with purple sweet potato and only skim milk powder were very high(above 11.46).

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Protease 무첨가 약주의 가속 숙성에 따른 이화학적 특성 변화 (Changes in Physiochemical Properties of Yakju Prepared by Accelerated Aging without Protease)

  • 노종민;강지은;최지호;정석태;최한석
    • 한국식품과학회지
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    • 제46권6호
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    • pp.702-709
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    • 2014
  • Protease 무첨가가 숙성약주의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 발효온도 $20-25^{\circ}C$에서는 정상적으로 알코올 생산을 하였으나 발효온도 $10^{\circ}C$에서는 첨가구보다 21.3%, $15^{\circ}C$에서는 9.4%, $30^{\circ}C$에서는 13.2% 낮은 알코올 생산성을 보여주었다. 발효기간은 발효온도 $25^{\circ}C$를 제외하고 protease 첨가구 대비 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 총 유기산 함량은 1.0-2.7배 증가하였으며, lactic acid와 acetic acid가 증가된 반면 pyroglutamic acid의 함량이 최대 51.1배 감소되었다. 산도와 휘발산은 증가되었고 pH는 감소되는 것으로 나타났다. 아미노산도는 protease 첨가구에 비하여 3.0-5.2배, 유리 아미노산 총량은 5.2-11.9배 낮게 나타났다. Protease 첨가구의 주요 유리 아미노산은 alanine, arginine, leucine, lysine인 반면 무첨가구는 alanine, arginine, leucine, phenylalanine 이었다. 색차는 protease 첨가구에 비해 1.2-3.0배 낮아졌다.

The Effect of Phytase and Organic Acid on Growth Performance, Carcass Yield and Tibia Ash in Quails Fed Diets with Low Levels of Non-phytate Phosphorus

  • Sacakli, P.;Sehu, A.;Ergun, A.;Genc, B.;Selcuk, Z.
    • Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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    • 제19권2호
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    • pp.198-202
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    • 2006
  • An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of phytase, organic acids and their interaction on body weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio, carcass yield and tibia ash. A total of 680 three-day old Japanese quail chicks (Coturnix coturnix japonica) were assigned to 20 battery brooders, 34 chicks in each. The experimental period lasted 35 days. The treatment groups employed were: 1) a positive control which included 3.5 g available phosphorus (AP)/kg diet and 10 g Ca/kg diet; 2) a negative control which included 2 g AP/kg diet and 8 g Ca/kg diet, 3) negative control diet supplemented with either 300 FTU phytase/kg diet (phytase) or 4) 2.5 g organic acid (lactic acid+formic acid)/kg diet (organic acid); or 5) 300 FTU phytase/kg diet+2.5 g organic acid/kg diet (phytase+organic acid). All birds were fed with the positive control diet for a week and then transferred to the dietary treatments. At the end of the study, there were no differences (p>0.005) among the groups in body weight, weight gain, feed consumption, feed conversion ratio and carcass yield. Tibia ash, however, was reduced (p<0.001) for quails fed the negative control diet containing a low-level of AP compared to the positive control diet containing adequate AP. The addition of phytase, organic acid or phytase+organic acid to the diets containing the low-level of AP improved (p<0.001) tibia ash. On the other hand, an extra synergistic effect of phytase and organic acid on tibia ash was not determined. This study demonstrated that it may be possible to reduce supplemental level of inorganic P with phytase and/or organic acid supplementation for quail diets without adverse effect on performance and tibia ash.