• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-43
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• 2013

Tasmania with its clean air, isolated from mainland Australia, has been producing high-quality agricultural products and has been continually developing organic farming since 1946 when the Living Soil Association of Tasmania(LSAT) was established. The organic farming movement in Tasmania has been actively advocated through three steps: the philosophical embryonic period, the movement diffusion period and the industrialised development period. The campaigns for informing about the connection between healthy soil and life unfolded during the embryonic period. This was followed by the birth of publicity of organic farming and the certification system through the dissemination of organic farming techniques and various events related to agriculture in the diffusion period when the Organic Gardening and Farming Society(OGFS) was established in 1972. In the industrialised development period, The Organic Coalition of Tasmania (OCT) which is representative of Tasmania was organised in 2000 and has been leading the organic farming industry. The organic farming movement in Tasmania not only limits the use of artificial agricultural chemical but pursues the quality of food, environment, the health of life including all animals and plants, the issue of development in rural society, social justice, and equity in understanding. It is far more holistic in its philosophy. The output of organic food accounts for 1 % of the total amount of agricultural production and 150 certified organic farms have managed with 5,000ha of land in 2010. The supply channels for organic foods vary from farmer's market, specialty stores, supermarket chains, local store to the cooperative community. Also the consumers' behaviour for organic foods has been establishing as an alternative life style. The education of the value and role of organic farming on the environment should be enlarged for the consumption of the organic food. In addition, organising for small farmers who act individually and the link with differentiated local food have still remained issues.

• 한국유기농업학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국유기농업학회 2001년도 심포지엄
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• pp.248-265
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• 2001

Recently, agriculture in Korea is seriously depressed by economic globalization and trade liberalization because of low competitive power. Organic farming, which is favorable for small scale agriculture, is expected to be one of alternatives to boost agricultural activities in Korea. Organic agriculture requires systemic developments of new technologies considering the complex biological interaction within the system in connection with high quality and safety standard. The National Institute of Agricultural Science & Technology(NIAST) has been worked on the series of organic farming technologies, including bio-pesticides, pheromone, natural enemies as well as the testings of materials used in organic farming. NIAST will concentrate on the technological development for compromising to the conflict between commodity-oriented and ecological harmony. Research on systemic land and water use, management of plant nutrition, pest and disease control, post-harvest would also be important targets. Integrated efforts among researchers, professors, administrators, farmers, private sectors, and extension workers are substantial for fast technology development and its dissemination. Development and use of these technologies will homely enlighten the Korean organic farming although it may require quite a time and endeavor.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.125-134
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• 2000

This observation was to investigate the influence of raw organic matter incorporated into soil at various rates on hydraulic conductivity and elution of solute throughout soil column. Generally the organic matter content in a practical agricultural field was approximately 3%. However, the application rate of organic matter in the field tends to rapidly increase in these days. Therefore, we raised the application rate of organic matter up to 10% in this investigation. From the experiment, we found that the hydraulic conductivities rapidly decreased with increasing rate of organic matter as well as rapid decrease in total volume of eluent during the same period. And electrical conductivities in the effluent significantly decreased after 2 pore volume, resulting in approaching to the criteria of saline soli. From this we could assume that the organic matter may influence the crop growth in the beginning. However excessive irrigation in the field may cause saturation of soil leading to reduction of soil. Therefore, there must be a management methods in application of organic matter with respect to soil water control.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제46권5호
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• pp.399-407
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• 2013

Organic grape was generally produced in rainshield or plastic greenhouse culture while most of fruits were produced in open field. But little attention has been given to soil properties with different culture facilities in organic grape cultivation. This study was conducted to investigate soil physico-chemical properties of organic grapes farms with different culture facilities and soil management practices. Organic fertilizer was main resource to manage soil at organic grapes farms. Organic grapes farms were applied with total amount of organic fertilizer at one time, either at basal or additional fertilization, whereas conventional grapes farms applied with split fertilization. Bulk density and penetration resistance of soil were lower at both rainshield and green manure-applied plastic greenhouse cultures than those at clean plastic greenhouse culture. Especially, in plastic greenhouse, sod culture with natural weed after green manure application was more effective than general sod culture in improving physical properties of the rhizosphere. The contents of organic matter, available phosphate and exchangeable potassium tended to increase in the soils applied with green manure, and the difference of soil chemical properties were significant between rainshield and plastic greenhouse cultures. The optimum soil management was required in plastic greenhouse because pH, available phosphate and exchangeable cations reached over optimum range. Consequently, the ground cover management is the key factor to affect the chemical properties as well as soil physical properties extensively in plastic greenhouse. It is found that sod culture with natural weed after green manure application resulted in enhancement of utilization efficiency of nitrogen, phosphoric acid and potassium in soil in comparison with general sod culture.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제49권6호
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• pp.783-788
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• 2016

Agricultural management of paddy soil depends on the effects of soil microbial activities. The present study evaluated the soil microbial community of 25 paddy soils in Gyeongnam Province by fatty acid methyl ester (FAME). The average of microbial communities in paddy soils were 32.2% of total bacteria, 16.7% of Gram-negative bacteria, 12.9% of Gram-positive bacteria, 2.0% of actinomycetes, 14.9% of fungi, and 1.3% of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. The communities of total bacteria (34.9%) and Gram-negative bacteria (19.4%) in soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were significantly larger than those in soils with other organic matter levels. However, soils with $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter had significantly low ratio of cy17:0 to $16:1{\omega}7c$ and cy19:0 to $18:1{\omega}7c$ as compared with soils with $30{\sim}35g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter, indicating microbial stress decreased (p < 0.05). In principal component analyses of soil microbial communities, Gram-negative bacteria should be considered as a potential responsible factor for the obvious microbial community differentiation that was observed between the two different organic matter levels in paddy fields. Thus, soils containing $20{\sim}30g\;kg^{-1}$ of organic matter were responsible for strong effect on microbial biomass and stress in paddy fields.

• 농촌계획
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• 제23권1호
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• pp.11-19
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• 2017

The purpose of the study was to investigate how the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival, a rural festival, affects the farmers of the local farms in Cheongju. Based on grounded theory, this study analyzed the objective using a qualitative research program, the Nvivo11 program. The data was collected through in depth interviews from 13 farmers who participated in the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival, and were also residents of Chungcheungbuk-do. The roles of the local festival expected by farmers, were the sale of local agricultural products, local public relations, regional revitalization, a sense of pride as a farmer, exchange of business ideas for sales of agricultural products, and a line of direct communication between farmers and consumers. The farmers who participated in the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival insisted that sales should rise. The results showed that the farmers who participated in the festival felt socially and psychologically stable while participating. The programs at the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival include a concert, hands on involvement, and agricultural sales, which have a direct influence on both sales and attracting visitors during the local festival. Farmers who participated in the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival asked for the improvement of the overall operation of the festival, including the problems with the admission tickets, parking, arrangement of facilities, festival venue, time, and etc. The suggested improvements for the Cheongwon Organic Life Festival focused on the quality certification system of agricultural products, as well as the organic farming of products, thereby to gain trust from the consumers.

• 식물병연구
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.235-239
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• 2006

Since the cultivation of resistance cultivar is essential for organic agriculture, Phytophthora late blight resistance of 16 advanced potato clones obtained from the potato breeding laboratory at the National Institute of Highland Agriculture was evaluated. Resistance of the clone was examined through artificial inoculation in the laboratory and in the field. Dominant isolates of the pathogen in Gangwon province produced abundant sporangia on leaves of most clones showing susceptibility. The number of sporangia ranged from $10^{7{\sim}8}sporangia/ml$ in the susceptible clones at 7 days after inoculation. However, one clone is resistant in organic farming fields. Disease incidence was 2.3% using the resistant clone. The area under disease progress curve(AUDPC) was 75.5. Contrarily, disease incidence of the susceptible variety was 100% and the AUDPC was 1773.5 during the same cultivation period. The resistance clone named as 'Haryeong' is considered suitable for organic potato cultivation in Gangwon province in Korea.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.428-439
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• 2015

Collectotrichum acutaum 에 의해 발생하는 탄저병은 매년 고추 생산에서 수량과 품질을 감소시켜 고추 병해 중 가장 큰 피해를 주는 병해로 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 고추 탄저병 방제 시 유기농업자재와 화학농약의 교호살포로 화학농약의 사용량을 감소시키기 위한 방제 전략을 개발하기 위하여 수행되었다. 고추 탄저병에 대한 유기농업 자재와 화학농약의 교호살포 효과는 실내와 포장에서 확인하였다. 첫 번째로 13종의 미생물농약과 22종의 유기농업 자재들을 대상으로 탄저병 병원균의 생장억제시험과 생물검정을 실시하였다. 시험결과 1종의 미생물농약(Bacillus subtilis QST-713 액상수화제)과 3종의 유기농업자재(유황, 보르도액, 해조류 추출물)에서 탄저병 병원균에 대해 높은 억제효과를 나타내었다. 포장시험에서 유기합성 살균제(Iminoctadine tris+thiram)를 단용처리 하였을 때 89.5%의 방제효과가 있었으며, 반면에 유황, 보르도액, 구리, 해조류 추출물 그리고 Bacillus subtilis QST-713 액상수화제를 단용처리 하였을때에는 33.1-81.0%로 유기합성 살균제와 비교하여 방제효과가 낮은 것으로 조사되었다. 하지만 유기합성 살균제와 유기농업자재를 7일 간격으로 2회씩 교호살포하게되면 유기합성 살균제+보르도액 교호살포는 81.7%, 유기합성 살균제+해조류 추출물은 87.1%의 방제효과가 있는 것으로 확인되었다. 결론적으로 두 가지의 교호살포 방제체계는 화학농약의 살포횟수 및 사용량을 절감 할 수 있는 가능한 방안으로 추천할 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.67-77
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• 1996

The Organic agricultural techinques were investigated through the observations made for 3 years of the actual conditions of a farmer who has been practicing organic agriculture over 21 years. The farmer was a member of the Ichijima-cho Organic Agriculture Association. The Farmer had not performed much of the organic agricultural techinques at the beginning of his farming history. However, he has gradually developed techniques upon the experiences with trial and error. The notable characteristic of his basic organic agriculture was the utilization of a suitable organic fertilizer to make the soil fertile. Crop damages by diseases and insect pests were prevented through a fertile soil, raising of good seedlings, adoption of tolerant varieties and planting at a wide spacing and consequently considering not to use chemical pesticides. Introduction of power weeder for weed control and paddy-upland crop rotation reduced the cost of production for farming. The crop pattern and method of land us such as mix cropping, crop rotation and conversion of paddy field-upland fieldd were appeared to be very important in organic agriculture. The organic agricultural techniques get systematized upon the adaptation the regional ecology and the development of skills of the farmer. The most important point to achieve the success in organic agriculture system is not only by the development of the technical matters but also by the building of healthy relation and understandings between producers and consumers.

• 한국유기농업학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.59-89
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• 2008

The Council Regulation (EEC) No 2092/91 of 24 Juni 1991 on organic production of agricultural products and indications referring thereto on agricultural products and foodstuffs. This Regulation describes the legal framework for agricultural products and foodstuffs obtained organically. The Regulation establishes a harmonized framework for the production, labelling and inspection of agricultural products and foodstuffs in order to increase consumer confidence in such products and ensure fair competition between producers. This article presents a study about inspection and certification system of organic production of agricultural products and foodstuffs in Germany. In order to guarantee respect for the rules of production, the Regulation provides for an inspection system to ensure that operators who produce, prepare or store organic products or import them from third countries notify the competent private and public authorities in the Member States of their activities. These inspection authorities must, at the very least, ensure application of the minimum inspection and precautionary measures laid down in Annex III to the Regulation. For the production of meat, the Regulation states that the Member States must guarantee the traceability of products throughout the production, processing and preparation chain.