• Title/Summary/Keyword: Orchards

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Fruit Quality, Antioxidant Capacity and Nutrients between Organic and Conventional kiwifruit in Korea

  • Cho, H.;Cho, J.;Cho, Y.;Park, J.
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.19 no.spc
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    • pp.225-229
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    • 2011
  • Organic kiwifruits were smaller fruit size but had higher magnesium and dry matter content than conventional, meanwhile, fruit soluble solid content was similar to conventional. There were no significant difference in polyphenol contents and antioxidative capacity between organic and conventional although there were considerable variations among sample orchards. Several minerals were also similar levels in both systems.

Incidence and Ecology of Major diseases on Peach in Gyeongbuk Province (경북지역 복숭아의 주요 병해 발생 및 생태)

  • 박소득;권태영;임양숙;정기채;박선도;최부술
    • Korean Journal Plant Pathology
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    • v.11 no.3
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    • pp.224-229
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    • 1995
  • Occurrence and incidences of major diseases of peach (Prunus persicae pv. vulgaris), leaf curl caused by Taphrina deformans, bacterial shot hole caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni, brown rot caused by Monilinia fructicola, and anthracnose caused by Glomerella cingulata in peach orchards in Cheongdo and Kyungsan areas of Gyeongbuk province, Korea, were investigated for four years from 1990 to 1993. In leaf curl and bacterial shot hole which mainly occurred on leaves, frist disease occurrences were dated from late April to early May. The maximum leaf curl incidence was dated in mid May, while dates of the maximum bacterial shot hole incidence varied from mid May to mid August depending on the years surveyed. In brown rot and anthracnose on fruit, the first disease occurrence dates ranged from early June to early August; however, the maximum disease incidences for both were invariably dated in late August. The disease incidences on the dates of the maximum incidences differed year by year, and the averages for the 4 years were 13.2%, 10.5%, 10.9% and 3.8% for leaf curl, bacterial shot hole, brown rot and anthracnose, respectively. Especially in the leaf curl disease, the first disease occurrence dates and the maximum disease incidences matched with the amounts of precipitation of rain up to April, suggesting that the disease occurrence may be related to the precipitation during the early season. The occurrence of leaf curl was somewhat higher in cultivar“Baekmi”than other cultivars. All of the major disease occurred more in hilly orchards than in plain ones.

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Cultural Control of Bacterial Blossom Blight Using Trunk Girdling and Rainproof Installation over Kiwifruit Trees (환상박피와 비가림 시설을 이용한 참다래 꽃썩음병의 경종적 방제)

  • Shin, Jong-Sup;Park, Jong-Kyu;Kim, Gyoung-Hee;Jung, Jae-Sung;Hur, Jae-Seoun;Koh, Young-Jin
    • Research in Plant Disease
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.304-309
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    • 2004
  • Girdling of trunk and rainproof installation over kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) trees were turned out to alleviate bacterial blossom blight effectively in kiwifruit orchards. The disease was most effectively prevented by girdling of tree trunks with 20 mm width around April 10 before about 45 days of flowering stage of kiwifruit, but control efficiencies were not affected by height of girdling on trunks above the ground. Use of a transparent polyvinyl film to protect kiwifruit trees from rain was more effective than windbreak net to prevent the disease, irrespective of kinds of rainproof installation. Installation of partial rainproof vinyl cover over kiwifruit trees around March 10 before about 75 days of flowering stage of kiwifruit prevented most of the disease occurrence on kiwifruit. It is expected that girdling of tree trunks and installation of partial rainproof vinyl cover over kiwifruit trees will be practical as environmentally friendly control methods to manage bacterial blossom blight in kiwifruit orchards.

Epidemiological Characteristics of Scab of Japanese Apricot in Korea

  • Kim, Gyoung Hee;Jo, Kyoung Youn;Shin, Jong Sup;Shin, Gil Ho;Koh, Young Jin
    • The Plant Pathology Journal
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    • v.33 no.5
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    • pp.450-457
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    • 2017
  • Scabs caused by Venturia carpophila greatly reduce the quality of the fruits of the Japanese apricot (Prunus mume) when the disease is not properly managed. The disease produces a superficial blemish that is unlikely to affect the overall yield of processed fruit, but reduce the value of fruit intended for the fresh market. Incidence rates of scab at sprayed and unsprayed orchards range from 0% to 21.5% and from 30.2% to 100%, respectively, in the major cultivation regions of Jeonnam Province during the growing season of 2009. The trends in disease progress were quite similar, regardless of regions, and cultivar Namgo was relatively less damaged by scab compared to cultivar Cheonmae among the tested Japanese apricot cultivars. The fruits on branches 1.5 m above the infected Japanese apricot trees and the stem-end parts of the infected fruits were more severely damaged by scabs, possibly because of rain and run-off facilitate dissemination of conidia of V. carpophila and subsequent infection of the fruits or branches. The conidia of V. carpophila were dispersed from March 24 to April 26 in 2010, and more conidia were dispersed from 2-year-old branches than 1-year-old branches. Since the control efficacies were higher than 90% after more than two applications of Trifloxystrobin WG at 10-day-intervals from mid April, it is that effective fungicides be applied at least two times at 10-day-intervals from the middle of April to manage scabs of Japanese apricot in orchards.

Screening of Essential Oil Repellents against the Organic Pear Pest Holotrichia parallela (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) (유기재배 과원에서 큰검정풍뎅이 방제를 위한 기피 살충자재 선발)

  • Song, Jang-Hoon;Md, Abdul Alim;Choi, Eu-Ddeum;Choi, Duck-Soo;Seo, Ho-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.259-268
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    • 2018
  • The study investigated the efficacy of four different essential oils on the repellent responses of large black chafer (Holotrichia parallela) Motschulsky (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) in organic pear (Pyrus pyrifolia) orchards. Cinnamon, pine, peppermint, and eucalyptus oils were used, and the behavioral responses and repellent effects against H. parallela were investigated under laboratory and field conditions. Adult beetle responses to different oils were examined using a Y-tube olfactometer in the laboratory and four absorbent blocks with each oil in the field. The repellent responses rates of H. parallela were 100% for cinnamon oil; however, only 67% of adult beetles avoided peppermint and eucalyptus oil in the Y-tube olfactometer bioassay. In the field tests, the least damage to leaves was observed on trees treated with cinnamon oil, whereas the most damage was observed in the control (non-treated) trees and those treated with peppermint oil, followed by eucalyptus and pine oil. Therefore, cinnamon oil can be used as a repellent to avoid damage form large black chafers in organic pear orchards.

Diversity of Bacillus thuringiensis Strains Isolated from Citrus Orchards in Spain and Evaluation of Their Insecticidal Activity Against Ceratitis capitata

  • J.C., Vidal-Quist;Castanera, P.;Gonzalez-Cabrera, J.
    • Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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    • v.19 no.8
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    • pp.749-759
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    • 2009
  • A survey of Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) strains isolated from Spanish citrus orchards has been performed, and the strains were tested for insecticidal activity against the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), a key citrus pest in Spain. From a total of 150 environmental samples, 376 isolates were selected, recording a total B. thuringiensis index of 0.52. The collection was characterized by means of phase-contrast microscopy, SDS-PAGE, and PCR analysis with primer pairs detecting toxin genes cry1, cry2, cry3, cry4, cry5, cry7, cry8, cry9, cry10, cry11, cry12, cry14, cry17, cry19, cry21, cry27, cry39, cry44, cyt1, and cyt2. Diverse crystal inclusion morphologies were identified: bipyramidal (45%), round (40%), adhered to the spore (7%), small (5%), and irregular (3%). SDS-PAGE of spore-crystal preparations revealed 39 different electrophoresis patterns. All primer pairs used in PCR tests gave positive amplifications in strains of our collection, except for primers for detection of cry3, cry19, cry39, or cry44 genes. Strains containing cry1, cry2, cry4, and cry27 genes were the most abundant (48.7%, 46%, 11.2%, and 8.2% of the strains, respectively). Ten different genetic profiles were found, although a total of 109 strains did not amplify with the set of primers used. Screening for toxicity against C. capitata adults was performed using both spore-crystal and soluble fractions. Mortality levels were less than 30%. We have developed a large and diverse B. thuringiensis strain collection with huge potential to control several agricultural pests; however, further research is needed to find out Bt strains active against C. capitata.

Air Temperature Variation Affected by Site Elevation in Hilly Orchards (구릉지 과원의 고도에 따른 기온변이)

  • 정유란;서희철;윤진일
    • Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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    • v.5 no.1
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    • pp.43-47
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    • 2003
  • Air temperature was continuously measured in hilly pear orchards at 4 sites with elevations of 10, 49, 104 and 253 m above sea level. The mean air temperature, averaged over the 10-month period from August 2001 to June 2002, decreased as the site elevation increased by 0.2C per 100 m. This weak lapse condition was amplified during daytime by sun-slope geometry. But on most days an inversion condition began by sunset and persisted until the next sunrise. During the observation period, daily minimum temperature at the valley bottom was lower than that of the hilltop on 67% of the days, and the average temperature difference was 1.4C. Inversion of daily minimum temperature under clear sky conditions was stronger in spring and autumn than in winter with a maximum of 6C. Lapse condition was predominant in daily minimum temperature on rainy days, and the lapse rate was strongest in winter.

Correlation among Conformation Parameters in 'Fuji' Apple Fruit ('후지' 사과 과실의 형태 결정 요인 간 상관)

  • Yoon, Tae-Myung;Han, Su-Gon;Park, Youn-Moon
    • Horticultural Science & Technology
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.358-361
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    • 2001
  • Factors affecting fruit conformation of 'Fuji' apples (Malus domestica Borkh.) were investigated through correlation study of fruit weight, seed numbers, and seed weight in relation to fruit conformation indices. Apples were harvested from two orchards in 'Andong' and 'Youngyang' areas at commercial maturity and grouped by fruit weight. Average number of seeds and seed weight were 8.9 and 0.64 g in 'Andong' orchard, while 6.3 and 0.47 g in 'Youngyang' orchard, respectively. When pooled data from the both orchards were analyzed, correlation of fruit weight with seed weight was significantly positive, whereas that with seed number was not significant. Fruit shape index determined by length/diameter ratio was positively correlated with fruit weight, while relationship of the shape index with seed number or with seed weight was not significant. Asymmetry index tended to be low in apples from the 'Andong' orchard in which higher seed numbers and seed weight were observed. The asymmetry index showed highly negative correlations with seed numbers and with seed weight.

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Current State of Pesticide Application in Sweet Persimmon Orchards in Korea (단감원의 최근 농약 사용실태)

  • 이동운;이상명;최병렬;박정규;추호렬
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.42 no.1
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    • pp.85-89
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    • 2003
  • Current status of pesticide applications in sweet persimmon orchards was investigated through the questionnaire and analysis of the pesticide application records from 62 growers in 2000 and 17 growers in 2001 in Jinju, Sacheon, Changwon, Changyoung, and Gimhae in Korea. Average yearly application was 7.6 times in 2000 and 7.7 times in 2001, concentrated in June and July. The kinds of fungicides and insecticides used were 36 and 34 items in 2000, and 22 and 23 items in 2001, respectively. Application of pesticides was mostly finished by mid-September. Fungicides such as mancozeb, thiophanate-methyl, and benomyl were most frequently used in 2000, and lime sulfur, benomyl and carbendazim in 2001. Insecticides such as deltamethrin, methidathion, and fenitrothion + fenvalerate were frequently used in both years. About one-half of the pesticides being used by the growers was not registered for persimmon in Korea.