• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.189-195
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• 2016

Oral tongue squamous cell carcinoma (OTSCC) is the most common oral cancer subtype with a maximum propensity for regional spread. Our objective was to study if p53 expression might have any correlation with aggressive patterns of invasion within oral tongue cancers as well as with the histologically identified degree of oral tongue dysplasia. p53 immunoexpression was studied using immunohistochemistry in early staged OTSCCs (n=155), oral tongue dysplasias, (n=29) and oral tongue normal specimens (n=10) and evaluated for correlations with histological and clinicopathological parameters. Our study (n=194) showed a pattern of p53 expression increasing with different grades of tongue dysplasia to different grades of invasive OTSCC (p=0.000). Among the OTSCC tumours, positive p53 expression was seen in 43.2% (67/155) and a higher p53 labelling index was significantly associated with increased Bryne's grade of the tumour invasive front (p=0.039) and increased tumour depth (p=0.018). Among the OTSCC patients with tobacco habits, (n=91), a higher p53 labelling index was significantly associated with increased risk of local recurrence (p=0.025) and with lymphovascular space involvement (p=0.014). Evaluation of p53 through varying degrees of dysplasia to oral tongue cancer indicates that p53 expression is linked to aggressive features of oral tongue cancers and tongue precancers entailing a closer monitoring in positive cases. Among the OTSCCs, p53 expression is associated with tumour aggressiveness correlating with increased grading of invasive tumour front and tumour depth.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.537-543
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• 2010

Purpose: The objective of this study is to evaluate the survival rate and influencing factors. Patients and Methods: We studied 104 patients who were diagnosed for squamous cell carcinoma of tongue and received curative treatment in oral oncology clinic of National Cancer Center from June 2001 to December 2009. Results: We found the following results. 1. The overall 5-year survival rate of tongue cancer was 67.0% and there was no significant statistical difference between male and female. 2. A lower survival rate was shown in patients under 40 years (42.2%) than over 40 years (75.5%)(P < 0.05). 3. 5-year survival rates of patients with tongue cancer classified by pTNM classification were 87.4% in early stage and 43.3% (P < 0.05). 4. A higher survival rate was seen in patients without cervical lymph node metastasis (82.0% > 44.1%)(P < 0.05). 5. A higher survival rate was seen in patients of tongue cancer with higher differenciation grade (P < 0.05). 6. It is well known that drinking and smoking have great influence on the survival rate of patients of squamous cell carcinoma of tongue. But these was no statistical significance. Conclusion: The overall 5-year survival rate of tongue cancer was 67.0% and it was mostly influenced by factors like age, pTNM stage, cervical lymph node metastasis, differentiation of cancer cell etc.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.221-226
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• 2016

Spindle cell carcinoma (SpCC) is referred to as a variant of oral squamous cell carcinoma. It is also known as "sarcomatoid squamous cell carcinoma" because it consists of normal squamous carcinoma cells with spindle-shaped cells that appear similar to a sarcoma. The term, "second primary tumor" (SPT) or "double primary tumor", is proposed for a second tumor that develops independently from the first. SPTs can present as either synchronous or metachronous lesions. Synchronous SPTs are defined as tumors occurring simultaneously or within 6 months after the first tumor. The patient in this case, whose primary tumor was in the tongue, was diagnosed with SpCC with metastases to both neck lymph nodes. This case also exhibited a second primary cancer as a synchronous lesion in the thyroid gland, which is uncommon. All carcinomas, both in the tongue and thyroid gland, were removed surgically, and especially in the tongue, an anterolateral thigh free flap was performed successfully to replace the defect.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.490-495
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• 2011

Introduction: Development of carcinoma on oral tongue may cause bilateral cervical lymph node metastasis, rapid invasion and growth of the cancer cells due to rich blood supply in muscle tissues. It is not only difficult to develop an animal experimental model, but also to proceed follow-up research after the development of such model as the induction of cancer lead to difficulty in taking nutrition for the experimental animals that often causes early death. Materials and Methods: IIn this study, author have transplanted YD-$10B_{mod}$ cells into nude mouse oral tongues with different cells number ($5{\times}10^4$, $5{\times}10^5$, $5{\times}10^6$ cells/mouse) and observed the development aspect of oral tongue cancers. Results: The cancer developed from orthotopic transplantation of YD-$10B_{mod}$ cells into nude mouse oral tongue show invasion and central necrosis of the tumor, similar to the cancers developed human oral tongue cancer. The difference in tumor size and the time of central necrosis development depending on the number of transplanted tumor cells shows the feasibility of extending the survival period of the nude mouse by limiting the transplanted tumor cells to < $5{\times}10^4$ cells/mouse or under per nude mouse. Conclusion: This nude mouse model could be used effectively in developing effective chemotheray agent and establishing an animal experimental model that can be used to study the mechanism of cervical lymph node metastasis of the oral tongue cancer.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2015

PURPOSE. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue has a relatively high incidence of all oral cancers. Some studies have reported a relationship between intraoral dental prosthesis and SCC of the tongue; however, this relationship remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between SCC of the tongue and the positional aspects of dental prosthesis using a retrospective analysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A total of 439 patients with SCC of the tongue were diagnosed and treated in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Seoul National University Dental Hospital. Patients were treated over a 12.5-year period ranging from January 1, 2001 to June 30, 2013. Statistical analysis was performed to examine potential differences between the groups. RESULTS. The number of patients with a crown and/or a bridge (134, 63.5%) was significantly different than the number of patients without a prosthesis (77, 36.5%). Even after accounting for different types of prostheses such as crowns, bridges, and dentures, no significant differences were observed between the position of the prosthesis and the location of the SCC of the tongue, with significance defined as a P-value less than .05 by the Pearson-Chi square test. CONCLUSION. Patients with crowns and/or bridges exhibited more frequent SCC of the tongue compared with patients without these prosthesis. These data support the hypothesis that mechanical trauma and galvanic phenomena play a role in the etiology of SCC of the tongue.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.121-126
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• 2012

Aberrations on the short arm of chromosome 8 (8p) are frequently observed in several human cancers. In this study, 20 squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) specimens from the tongue were examined in order to evaluate the role of 8p in SCC of the tongue. Microsatellite analysis using 14 markers demonstrated two commonly deleted regions (CDRs) on 8p. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) revealed frequent down-regulation of the FEZ1 gene, mapped to 8p22, and frequent over-expression of the cathepsin B gene, mapped to 8p-21-22. These results suggested that genetic aberrations are involved in the development of SCC of the tongue. However, no significant relationship was observed to be established between the genetic alterations and clinicopathological features. Thus, further investigation is necessary in order to clarify the clinical role of 8p in carcinoma of the tongue.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.376-379
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• 2009

Likely to be the most common oral cancer, squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) of the tongue accounts for about 20% of all oral and pharyngeal cancers. SCC of the tongue frequently arises in the lateral border, and if it metastasize, it occurs on submandibular gland and neck lymph nodes. Location of the primary lesions and neck lymph node metastasis affect the prognosis and decrease survival rate of patients with carcinoma of the tongue. The authors experienced the patient with contralateral neck lymph node metastasis of SCC of the tongue. The patient came to our department with chief complaint of elevated lesion on left lateral border of the tongue. The mass was diagnosed as $T_2N_0M_0$, Stage II invasive SCC of oral tongue. Computed tomography(CT) & magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) which were taken before the operation showed no significant finding of metastasis. Surgical mass removal and preventive neck dissection on the left side were done. While follow up PET/CT, contralateral neck lymph node metastasis(right side, level II) was detected, and re-operation(Rt. side RND) was done. There are few studies concerning the contralateral neck lymph node metastasis related with SCC of the tongue. The purpose of this report is to introduce the uncommon case of contralateral neck lymph node metastasis occurred in the $T_2$-stage of SCC of the tongue treated by surgical resection.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제43권3호
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• pp.147-151
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• 2017

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the treatment outcomes of partial glossectomy with or without elective neck dissection in patients with tongue squamous cell carcinoma (SCCa). Materials and Methods: A total of 98 patients who were diagnosed with tongue SCCa and underwent partial glossectomy between 2005 and 2014 were evaluated. Only 14 patients received elective neck dissection, and 84 patients received only partial glossectomy. Results: There were 56 men and 42 women with a mean age of 57 years and mean follow-up period of 33.7 months. There were 70 patients graded as T1 and 28 as T2. The total occult metastasis rate was 17.3%. The 5-year overall survival rate was 83.3% with elective neck dissection and 92.4% with observation. The 5-year disease-free survival rate was in 70.7% in the elective neck dissection group and 65.3% in the observation group. Conclusion: We retrospectively reviewed the records of 98 patients with tongue SCCa. These patients were divided into two groups, those who underwent elective neck dissection and those who did not. There was no statistically significant difference between the groups undergoing partial glossectomy with or without elective neck dissection.

• 대한기관식도과학회지
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.212-216
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• 1999

Renal cell carcinoma is the third most common metastatic tumor to the bone and soft tissues of the head and neck. The common sites of metastatic renal cell carcinoma in head and neck region are nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, oral mucosa, gingiva, tongue, palate, lip as the favored site. The present paper deals with one patient with metachronous oral tongue, nasal cavity and suspicious brain metastases after 2 years of renal cell carcinoma nephrectomy. Also, the patient had history of total thyroidectomy for thyroid follicular carcinoma. Total excision of nasal cavity and tongue mass were performed. Therapeutic aspects are briefly reviewed in literature.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.73-81
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• 1995

The poor survival rates of patients with carcinoma of a tongue, despite of modern therapy, is well recognized. One of the most important prognostic factors is status of the cervical lymph nodes. There have been a long-standing debate about the treatment of cervical lymph nodes in early-stage tongue cancer. There are two major treatment opinion. The one is surgical excision of primary tumor with prophylactic neck dissection, simultaneously, and the other is to delay the cervical therapy until cervical lymph node is palpable. Recently we have experienced the early cervical metastasis in three patients who had been diagnosed as a carcinoma of the tongue. They were T1, T2 lesion and no palpable node was found. But histopathologic examination showed the occult metastasis or delayed cervical metastasis was occured. By the review of literature and clinical experience, we could conclude the prophylactic neck dissection offers a better chance for success than therapeutic neck dissection of palpable lymph nodes, in case of oral tongue cancer.