• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.439-447
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• 2004

The aim of this study is to survey the frequency of mutans streptococci species and biotypes isolated from dental plaque in Korean children and the relationship between species and biotypes of mutans streptococci and dft index. Dental plaques were collected from the anterior and molar teeth of upper and lower jaws in the subjects, aged below 12 years old. A dental examination was performed for dft (decayed, filled, total) with the WHO caries diagnostic criteria. The mutans streptococci from the sample were cultured selectively on mitis salivarius-bacitracine (MSB) agar plate. For biotyping of mutans streptococci, biochemical test was performed. From the culture, bacterial genomic DNA was prepared for using of PCR template for the identification of mutans streptococci at the species-level. Forty strains of mutans streptococci were isolated from dental plagues of 40 patients. The biotype I (45%) and biotype IV (32.5%) were most frequently detected. The prevalence of S. mutans and S. sobrinus was 69% and 31%, respectively. There was no positive relationship between species and biotypes of mutans streptococci and dft index. Our results revealed that biotype I and S. mutans were frequently detected in Korean children and support that dental caries incidents by many causative factors not only bacterial factor.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• v.24 no.3
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• pp.483-492
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to assess the recolonization of the subgingival microflora following scaling and root planing on single and multiroot teeth with periodontal pockets which were above 5mm. 7 patients with deep pockets were selected for this study. They had not taken antibiotics for 6 months and no history of dental treatment for 6 months before the study. After initial clinical(plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth), microbiological and BANA test were determined, each subject received a single session of scaling and root planing, but they were not received oral hygiene instructions. Clinical indices, microbial parameters and BANA test were reassessed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after treatment. The results were as follows : 1. Plaue index, gingival index and pocket depth were not significantly when compared single root group with multiroot group, both groups were siginficantly reduced at 2weeks in plaque index and 2, 4 weeks in gingival index(P<0.05), probing pocket depth was siginificantly changed at 2, 4weeks in multiroot teeth group and 4 weeks in single root teeth group(P<0.05). 2. Percentage of cocci was significantly increased at 4weeks in single root teeth group(P<0.05), motile rod was significantly changed at 4weeks in both group(P<0.05), spirochetes and nonmotile rods were not significantly changed. 3. BANA test was significantly reduced at 1 and 2 weeks (P<0.05) in single root teeth group, multiroot teeth group was not significantly all weeks. This results were suggested that clinical and microbiological effect following scaling and root planing on periodontal disease.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.371-378
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• 2010

The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of essential oil mouthrinse and interdental brush for oral hygiene in orthodontic patient. 90 patients, with fixed orthodontic appliances, were divided into 3 groups(Group 1: patients who had only used toothbrush, group 2: toothbrush + essential oil mouthrinse, group 3: toothbrush + interdental brush). Then, plaque index(PI) and gingival index(GI) were evaluated at before(T0), 3 weeks after(Tl) and 6 weeks after(T2) the experiment. The present study revealed the following conclusions: (1) There was statistically significant decrease in PI and GI of groups 2 and 3 comparing to those of group 1 during 6 weeks.(p<0.05) (2) There was no significant difference in the level of decrease in PI and GI between group 2 and group 3.(p<0.05) The present study thus implied that use of mechanical or chemical aid such as interdental brush and mouth rinse in addition to toothbrushing may help maintaining oral hygiene in patients undergoing fixed orthodontic treatment for prolonged duration.

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.81-94
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• 2011

Objectives : This study conducted to investigate oral care abilities in diabetic patients to find a good dental method which may efficiently control diabetes. Methods : The diabetic group consisted of 40 patients with type 2 diabetics, while the non-diabetes were 34 persons with no signs of diabetics, who had visited a Public Health Center and dental clinic of a general hospital in Gwangju city from Dec. 2008 to Sep. 2009. Periodontal disease, gingivitis, dental caries, tongue plaque and halitosis between diabetic group and non-diabetic group were examined and at the same time a questionnaire survey was conducted. The data were analyzed with chi-square, t-test, pearson correlation coefficients using the SPSS WIN 15.0 program. Results : The mean values of both the community periodontal index and the gingival index of diabetic group were 2.18 and 1.75, respectively, and those were higher than those (1.79 and 1.50) of non-diabetic group with no statistical significance. The mean saliva secretion of non-diabetics was 16.74 mL, which was higher than 13.90 mL of diabetic patients(p<0.05). The oral care ability(mean 3.10) acquired from plague index in diabetic group was worse than in non-diabetic(mean 2.33). Conclusions : The high blood sugar concentration in diabetic patients causes low saliva secretion and high saliva viscosity, with the results halitosis and periodontal disease take place. This study suggested that good oral care ability of diabetic patients was very helpful to prevent periodontal disease and halitosis. In addition to this, it may reduce complications of diabetic patients.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.3850-3857
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• 2013

This study aims to examine the effect of the program by identifying changes in oral health behaviors, oral health knowledge, the Patient Hygiene Performance(PHP) index and others after performing oral health promotion program on children in community children's centers to develop persistent and more effective program. The final analysis subjects were 27 children. According to the examination results of dental plaque score, the PHP index score was reduced from 3.42 to 2.43 before and six month after the tooth brushing education, respectively, indicating the effect of oral health promotion program(p<0.001). The data of this paper can be used oral health promotion programs development based on the social ecological model.

• The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics
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• v.6 no.5
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• pp.325-332
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• 2014

PURPOSE. The aim of this review was to analyze the evaluation criteria on mandibular implant overdentures through a systematic review and suggest standardized evaluation criteria. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A systematic literature search was conducted by PubMed search strategy and hand-searching of relevant journals from included studies considering inclusion and exclusion criteria. Randomized clinical trials (RCT) and clinical trial studies comparing attachment systems on mandibular implant overdentures until December, 2011 were selected. Twenty nine studies were finally selected and the data about evaluation methods were collected. RESULTS. Evaluation criteria could be classified into 4 groups (implant survival, peri-implant tissue evaluation, prosthetic evaluation, and patient satisfaction). Among 29 studies, 21 studies presented implant survival rate, while any studies reporting implant failure did not present cumulative implant survival rate. Seventeen studies evaluating peri-implant tissue status presented following items as evaluation criteria; marginal bone level (14), plaque Index (13), probing depth (8), bleeding index (8), attachment gingiva level (8), gingival index (6), amount of keratinized gingiva (1). Eighteen studies evaluating prosthetic maintenance and complication also presented following items as evaluation criteria; loose matrix (17), female detachment (15), denture fracture (15), denture relining (14), abutment fracture (14), abutment screw loosening (11), and occlusal adjustment (9). Atypical questionnaire (9), Visual analog scales (VAS) (4), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP) (1) were used as the format of criteria to evaluate patients satisfaction in 14 studies. CONCLUSION. For evaluation of implant overdenture, it is necessary to include cumulative survival rate for implant evaluation. It is suggested that peri-implant tissue evaluation criteria include marginal bone level, plaque index, bleeding index, probing depth, and attached gingiva level. It is also suggested that prosthetic evaluation criteria include loose matrix, female detachment, denture fracture, denture relining, abutment fracture, abutment screw loosening, and occlusal adjustment. Finally standardized criteria like OHIP-EDENT or VAS are required for patient satisfaction.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.283-293
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• 2000

The following results were obtained after data adjustment and analysis of a study consisting of self-writing, of oral check-ups and questionnaires of 356 students of the O middle school in Suwon in June of 2000. The purpose of this study was to discover the effects of the dental health types of middle school students on dental caries and to understand the specific teeth of dental health types due to educational experience. Based on such data, we want to develop a desirable educational program for middle school dental heath. 1. The DMFT index was higher in females (0.75+4.39) than males(4.99+3.67), so there was a significant difference(p=0.000) 2. The DMFT index increased from the ages of 12 (4.69+3.90). 13 (5.69+3.67), 14 (6.18+4.39) and 15(6.98+4.08) and were significantly different (p=0.011). 3. There was no difference in the DMFT index regarding the method of brushing, educational experience for dental health, oral hygiene index and plaque index in dental health types. Yet, the more snack-eating increased the higher the DMFT index increased; thus, there was found a significant difference (p=0.0006). The more fluoride use increased, the lower the DMFT index; thus, there was a significant difference (p=0.048). As for the self-awareness index of dental health, the ones who answered positively had a DMFT index of 2.14+ 1.83 and those who answered negatively had a DMFT index of 7.00+3.94; thus, there was a significant difference (p=0.000). 4. For those who had had educational experience in dental health, a rolling method was used in brushing, and the frequency of fluoride use was high; the self-awareness index of dental health was high as well.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.26-33
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• 2012

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of dentifrice containing Horseradish (Armoracia rustica) root extracts on improvement of oral hygiene. The clinical evaluation was done participated by 80 adults volunteers who provided a informed consent for their participation. The participants were divided into two groups ; control group (using toothpaste without Horseradish extracts) and experimental group (using toothpaste containing Horseradish extracts). The checklist of the experiment includes the plaque index, gingival index and anti-caries activity. The anti-caries activity was measured by cultivating Streptococcus mutans for 48 hours then estimating the number of increased bacteria using Dentocult SM. The double-blind method was used in this study. The results of this study can be summarized as follows; 1. The plaque formation decreased 28% in control group, 58% in experimental group using dentifrice with Horseradish extracts compared to baseline data. 2. For gingival index, control group and experimental group showed 26% and 40% decrease compared to baseline data, respectively. 3. The score of caries activity test decreased by 4% for control group and 69% for experimental group compared to baseline data. According to the results, a dentifrice containing Horseradish extracts can improve oral hygiene.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.16 no.6
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• pp.432-441
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of professional oral healthcare program in eldery residents long-term care facilities. Ninety-four elderly residents from 5 different facilities in Asan participated in this study. The subjects were divided into 3 groups, with 32 in experimental group I, 30 in experimental group II, and 32 in the control group. Subjects in experimental group I were treated by a dental hygienist with professional oral healthcare and received daily oral care from caregivers who had completed elderly oral healthcare course. Subjects in experimental group II received daily oral care from caregivers who had completed elderly oral healthcare course. Control group received daily oral care from caregivers. These 3 groups were tested for dental plaque, halitosis, tongue coating, and salivary flow at baseline, and after 4 and 12 weeks of treatment. There were significant differences in the dental plaque index between the groups, mediate times, and mediate methods, in halitosis between the mediate methods, and in tongue coating between the mediate times, as well as the mediate methods. Finally, salivary flow was significantly different with regard to mediate methods between experimental group II and the control group. Therefore, to improve the oral health condition of elderly residents, involvement of a part-time dentist and scheduled professional oral healthcare are necessary. Furthermore, elderly oral healthcare education for nursing staff, including managers, should be provided.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.91-103
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• 1986

Using imprint cultures and epithelial smears, the density and prevalence of colonization of oral mucosal sites and denture surfaces by Candida albicans has been determined in 28 healthy dentate subjects and 20 denture wearers. With questionnaire, oral and denture examination, the relationship between the carrier rates and several factors; DMFT, oral hygiene index, salivary pH & denture plaque score were studied. But these factors have not significant relationship to the carrier rates. Imprint culture appears to be sensitive technique for detecting candidal carriers and be useful for distinguishing between the healthy carrier state and candidal infection. Cigarette smokers had a significantly increased carrier state (P<0.05) compared with nonsmoker in male dentate subjects. Female were more frequent carriers than male in dentate and denture group, but these differences were not significant. In denture wearers, there was a higher density and frequency of candidal colonization of all mucosal sites sampled, compared with that of healthy dentate group especially anterior palate and posterior palate showed highly significant differences in frequency of candidal colonization (P<0.05). The distribution of Candida albicans is not uniform throughout the mouth. The tongue in the healthy dentate subjects and the impression surfaces of upper dentures are the primary oral reservoirs for the fungus. Overnight wearing of dentures was associated with increased density and frequency of candidal colonization and density.