• 한국건설순환자원학회논문집
• /
• 제6권1호
• /
• pp.120-127
• /
• 2011

최근 천연골재는 점차 고갈되고 그 채취에 대한 엄격한 환경적인 규제 때문에 골재의 부족이 건설분야의 큰 문제로 대두되고 있어 이를 대체할 수 있는 대체재의 개발이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 페로니켈 생산 과정에서 부산물로 발생되는 수쇄 페로니켈슬래그를 잔골재의 대체재로 활용하기 위하여 콘크리트의 역학적 특성 및 내구특성 시험결과를 비교 고찰하여 그 활용 가능성과 적정 대체율 및 페로니켈슬래그 콘크리트의 내구특성을 검토하였다. 실험결과, 수쇄 페로니켈슬래그의 품질특성과 내구성능 및 경제성을 고려할 경우 최적 혼합률은 40% 정도가 적당할 것으로 판단된다. 또한 수쇄 페로니켈슬래그 잔골재 혼합률 40% 콘크리트의 내구특성 중 동결융해 저항성은 일반 잔골재 콘크리트와 동등하며, 탄산화 저항성은 일반 잔골재 콘크리트와 동등하거나 떨어지는 것으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.818-826
• /
• 2004

The spray-induced mixing characteristics and thermal decomposition of aqueous urea solution into ammonia have been studied to design optimum sizes and geometries of the mixing chamber in SCR(Selective Catalytic Reduction) system. The cold flow tests about the urea-injection nozzle were performed to clarify the parameters of spray mixing characteristics such as mean diameter and velocity of drops and spray width determined from the interactions between incoming air and injected drops. Discrete particle model in Fluent code was adopted to simulate spray-induced mixing process and the experimental results on the spray characteristics were used as input data of numerical calculations. The simulation results on the spray-induced mixing were verified by comparing the spray width extracted from the digital images with the simulated Particle tracks of injected drops. The single kinetic model was adopted to predict thermal decomposition of urea solution into ammonia and solved simultaneously along with the verified spray model. The hot air generator was designed to match the flow rate and temperature of the exhaust gas of the real engines The measured ammonia productions in the hot air generator were compared with the numerical predictions and the comparison results showed good agreements. Finally, we concluded that the design capabilities for sizing optimum mixing chamber were established.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제23권3호
• /
• pp.369-378
• /
• 2014

Effect of improvement of the dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma system on the inactivation performance of bacteria were investigated. The improvement of plasma reactor was performed by combination with the basic plasma reactor and UV process or combination with the basic plasma reactor and circulation system which was equipped with gas-liquid mixer. Experimental results showed that tailing effect was appeared after the exponential decrease in basic plasma reactor. There was no enhancement effect on the Ralstonia Solanacearum inactivation with combination of basic plasma process and UV process. The application of gas-liquid mixing device on the basic plasma reactor reduced inactivation time and led to complete sterilization. The effect existence of gas-liquid mixing device, voltage, air flow rate (1 ~ 5 L/min), water circulation rate (2.8 ~ 9.4 L/min) in gas-liquid mixing plasma, plasma voltage and UV power of gas-liquid mixing plasma+UV process were evaluated. The optimum air flow rate, water circulation rate, voltage of gas-liquid mixing system were 3 L/min, 3.5 L/min and 60 V, respectively. There was no enhancement effect on the Ralstonia Solanacearum inactivation with combination of gas-liquid mixing plasma and UV process.

• Elastomers and Composites
• /
• 제48권2호
• /
• pp.103-113
• /
• 2013

실리카와 실란을 포함하는 고무 복합체의 최적 배합조건을 찾기 위하여 배합온도와 시간을 달리한 고무복합체의 특성을 평가하였다. 고무복합체의 제조를 위한 배합온도는 $120^{\circ}C$, $140^{\circ}C$, $160^{\circ}C$의 다양한 배합시간으로 배합한 후 고무복합체의 특성을 평가하였다. 배합시간이 증가할수록 점도의 감소와 결합고무가 증가하였으나, 배합시간의 증가에 따른 점도의 변화는 배합온도가 낮을수록 크고, 결합고무의 증가속도는 온도가 높을수록 크게 나타났다. 낮은 온도인 $120^{\circ}C$인 경우 배합 시간이 바뀌어도 가교 속도는 거의 일정한 반면 10분 이하의 배합 시간에서는 분산이나 반응이 충분치 않음을 동적 점탄성과 분산 평가 등을 통하여 알 수 있었다. 반대로 높은 온도에서는 충분한 반응에 의하여 동적 점탄성 특성 등이 우수한 것으로 나타나지만 가교 속도나 물성의 변화 등이 매우 민감하고 과도한 결합고무의 형성 때문에 적합한 온도 조건이 아님을 확인하였고, 변성 S-SBR 실리카 배합에서는 $140^{\circ}C$에서 10분 정도의 배합이 분산과 실리카-실란 결합의 최적 조건임을 확인하였다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권12호
• /
• pp.1794-1799
• /
• 2005

The present study was carried out to develop crosslinking of $\beta$-cyclodextrin ($\beta$-CD) using adipic acid, and to determine the optimum conditions of different factors ($\beta$-CD concentration, mixing temperature, mixing time and mixing speed) on cholesterol reduction from homogenized milk. Crosslinked $\beta$-CD was prepared with adipic acid. When the milk was treated with different conditions, the cholesterol removal rate was in the range of 92.1 to 93.1% with 1% $\beta$-CD addition, which were not significantly different among treatments. After cholesterol removal from milk, the used crosslinked $\beta$-CD was washed for cholesterol dissociation and reused. For recycling study, the cholesterol removal rate in the first trial was 92.5%, which was mostly same as that using new crosslinked $\beta$-CD. With repeated ten time trials using same sample, 81.4% of cholesterol was removed from milk. Therefore, the present study indicated that the optimum conditions for cholesterol removal using crosslinked $\beta$-CD were 1% $\beta$-CD addition and 10 min mixing with 400 rpm speed at 5$^{\circ}C$ with over 90% cholesterol removal. In addition, crosslinked $\beta$-CD made by adipic acid resulted in the effective recycling efficiency.

• 한국버섯학회지
• /
• 제7권1호
• /
• pp.22-26
• /
• 2009

팽이버섯 생산비용을 절감하기 위하여 한번 사용한 배지의 적정 혼합비율을 구명하고자 시험한 결과는 다음과 같다. 팽이버섯 재배 배지재료로 미송톱밥, 1회 팽이버섯 재배에 사용한 톱밥, 콘코브 그리고 영양원으로 미강과 밀기울을 이용하여 14가지로 배지를 조성하여 균사배양기간, 자실체 수량과 품질을 조사하였다. 두 가지 영양원에 따라 배양기간은 큰 차이가 없었지만 유효경수, 자실체 수량과 품질은 밀기울보다 미강이 좋았다. 폐배지를 20% 혼합한 처리 즉 미송톱밥 60%+폐배지 20%+ 미강 20% 배지가 관행처리 미송톱밥 80%+미강 20% 배지와 품질은 비슷하며 수량은 142.2g 으로 관행의 130g 대비 10% 증수하였다. 그러나 폐배지 혼입량이 증가함에 따라 자실체의 품질과 수량이 현저하게 감소하였다. 따라서 폐배지의 적정 혼합량은 20%이며 수량도 10% 증가하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제30권5호
• /
• pp.430-437
• /
• 2006

The mixing effect is studied by comparing rotating and oscillating stirrers in the micro channel. The cases of Re=10 to 80 with various stirring speeds are considered to analysis the effect of Re and stirrer speed for the mixing. Under Re=20, the oscillating stirrer represents better mixing rate than the rotating stirrer up to the critical stirrer speed which has a maximum efficiency. Over Re=30, the results of oscillating and rotating stirrer show that the faster the stirrer speed, the higher the mixing effect within the concerned stirrer speed range and the oscillating stirrer keeps the higher mixing rate. It was found that the mixing effect is a function which has an optimum of the Reynolds number and the stirrer speed. The D2Q9 Lattice Boltzmann Method is used due to the merits of calculation for the unsteady flow with moving boundary.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제15권9호
• /
• pp.897-905
• /
• 2006

This study has been conducted to investigate biodegradation characteristics and optimum mixing ratio for co-digestion with thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge using batch anaerobic digester. As the basis operating conditions for anaerobic digestion, the reaction temperature was controlled $35{\pm}1^{\circ}C$ and stirrer was set 70rpm. Thermophilic acid-fermented food waste and sewage sludge were mixed at the ratio of 10:0, 7:3, 5:5, 3:7, 0:10 and 5;5(food waste : sewage sludge) as the influent substrates. In results of co-digestion according to mixing ratio of thermophilic fermented food wastes and sewage sludge in batch mesophilic anaerobic digestion reactor, $385mL\;CH_4/g\;VS_{added}$ of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio was more than that of any other mixing ratios. Compared with $293mL\;CH_4/g\;VS_{added}$ of methane production rate at 1:1 mixing ratio of food wastes and sewage sludge, pretreatment of food wastes by thermophilic acid fermentation was more effective in co-digestion with sewage sludge.

• 한국세라믹학회지
• /
• 제36권9호
• /
• pp.893-900
• /
• 1999

Silica films were prepared on Si single crystal substrates by sol-gel process using TEOS as starting materials. Films were fabricated by a spin coating technique. Sol solutions were prepared by varying the compositions of CH3OH, H2O and DMF with fixed molar ratio of TEOS=1, HCl=0.05(mol). Wetting behavior viscosity of solutions gelation time thickness of films and cracking behavior were investigated with the various solution compositions. Wetting behaviors of solutions depended on the solution compositions mixing method and mixing rate. The optimum composition of sol was TEOS : DMF ; CH3OH: H2O :HCl=1:2:4:4:0.05(mol) and the mixing rate of solution was optimized at 1 ml/min. Viscosity of solutions were controlled by choosing a reaction time(elapsed time after mixing) at a room temperature so that we could get up to 800nm thick film The surface roughness was getting poor when thickness of films was thicker than 500nm. Thickness of coated films were increased with decreasing amount of CH3OH. The best surface roughness was obtained at the content of CH3OH 4 mol. The shortest gelation time was obtained with the content of CH3OH 8 mol. Crack-free filkms were fabricated when sintered at 500$^{\circ}C$ for 1 hr with heating rate of 0.6$^{\circ}C$/min.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.929-936
• /
• 2004

In the present work, shape of the mixing vane in Plus7 fuel assembly has been optimized numerically using three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes analysis of flow and heat transfer. Standard $k-{\epsilon}$ model is used as a turbulence closure. The Response surface method is employed as an optimization technique. The objective function is defined as a combination of heat transfer rate and inverse of friction loss. Bend angle and base length of mixing vane are selected as design variables. Thermal-hydraulic performances for different shapes of mixing vane have been discussed, and optimum shape has been obtained as a function of weighting factor in the objective function.