• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.655-663
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• 2012

This study was carried out response surface analysis for brown sauce optimization. Three factors of heating time (10, 20, 30, 40, and 50 min), the added gelatin content (0, 4, 8, 12, and 16%) and the added tomato paste amount (0, 6, 12, 18, and 24%) were encoded into 5 levels (-2, -1, 0, 1, 2). After the central synthesis plan was set up to produce samples in 16 pre-arranged conditions and the sensory tests were conducted, the investigation on optimum level of these factors was conducted. The scope of optimum conditions for extraction was established through reading the range of reaction surfaces superimposed between those representing sensory properties such as color, flavor, taste, viscosity and overall acceptability was established. In this study, it was found out that the scope of optimum conditions for brown sauce extraction was 30 min for heating time, 9.00% for gelatin content and 11.25% for tomato paste amount. The reliability test proved the mentioned scope to have a similar value to that of the estimated scope when compared to the experimental values which was observed through experiments conducted under the same conditions as applied to values predicted through RSM program, enabling the verification of the reliability of derived regression formula.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제44권6호
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• pp.57-63
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• 2007

본 논문에서는 모노 펄스 추적용 배열안테나에서 주로 사용하는 선전원에 의한 차패턴 합성법을 새로이 제안한다. 제안한 방법에서는 잘 알려진 Bayliss의 차패턴 합성법과는 달리 Taylor의 선전원 합패턴 공식을 적절히 수정하여, 원하는 개별 sidelobe 레벨을 갖는 차패턴을 최적 합성한다. 즉, 차패턴과 해당 소스 분포함수와의 관계를 해석적으로 설정하고, 패턴이 갖는 null점을 최적으로 섭동시킴으로써 원하는 패턴과 해당 소스 분포함수를 동시에 도출한다. 더욱이 이 방법은 기존의 방법보다 빠른 sidelobe 감쇠율을 가지도록 한다. 수치적인 결과들로부터 제안한 합성과정의 타당성과 유용성을 보인다.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.29-31
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• 1973

Upon the assumption that the available components in the soil evaluated by present analytical procedures, are as effective as the components applied to the soil as fertilizer, some formulas for the calculation of fertilizer requirements (F. R) for crops are suggested. Basically, the formulas are derived by combining the country average values of soil test data(${\overline{ST}}$) and of the optimum rate of fertilizers (ORF) for crops obtained from N.P.K. trials in farmer's field, as following. $$F.R(kg/10a)={\overline{ST}}(kg/10a)+ORFkg/10a-ST(kg/10a)$$ where, ST denotes the available components tested in the soil under question. Although this formula can be used both for P and K fertilizers, considering the significance of the potassium saturation rate of the soil for the availability of K, for the calculation of K fertilizer requirement, following formula is suggested. $$F.R(kg/10a)=(C.E.C.{\times}B.S.R.K.-KST(me/100g){\times}CF$$ where, B. S. R. K. is the basic potassium saturation rate of the soil and CF is conversion factor for the conversion of K me/100g into $K_2O$ kg/10a. The B. S. R. K. for different crops are obtained from the country average values of soil exchangeable K (${\overline{KST}}$), cation exchange capacity (CEC) and the optimum rates of K fertilizers for crops (ORF $K_2O$). $$B.S.R.K.=\frac{{\overline{KST}}{\times}CF+ORF(K_2O)}{CEC{\times}CF}$$ Using these formulas, equations for P and K fertilizer requirements for rice, barley, wheat, corn, italian millet, soy bean, sweet potato, potato and rape are derived.

• 한국도서관정보학회지
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• 제23권
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• pp.363-404
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• 1995

This study is to set up a model of minimum and optimum standards for college and university library building areas in Korea. The results of this study are summarized as follows: 1. minimum standards(proposal) At first, Areas needed by factors of space component are as follows: User space --- 0.45 $m^{2}$ per student. Collection space --- 0.0107 $m^{2}$ per volume Staff space --- 10.1 $m^{2}$ per person Space attached to user, collection and staff space --- 5% of the sum of user, collection and staff areas(0.041 $m^{2}$ per student). Nonassignable space --- 25% of the sum of user, collection and staff areas (0.21 $m^{2}$ per student). Next, the formula to calculate the total area of the college and university library building is as follows: N = 0.45T $m^{2}$(a) + 0.0107V $m^{2}$(b) + 10.1S $m^{2}$(c) + 0.05(a+b+c) $m^{2}$, NS = 0.25N $m^{2}$. 2. Optimum standards(proposal) At first, Areas needed by factors of space component are as follows: User spae --- 0.64 $m^{2}$) per student. Collection space --- 0.01 $m^{2}$ per volume Staff space --- 9.7 $m^{2}$ per person Space attached to user, collection and staff space --- 5% of the sum of user, collection and staff areas(0.073 $m^{2}$ per student). Nonassignable space --- 25% of the sum of user, collection and staff areas(0.38 $m^{2}$ per student). Next, the formula to calculate the total area of the college and university library building is as follows: N = 0.64T $m^{2}$(a) + 0.01V $m^{2}$(b) + 9.7S $m^{2}$(c) + 0.05(a+b+c) $m^{2}$, NS = 0.25N $m^{2}$.

• 접착 및 계면
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.1-7
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• 2017

본 연구는 연필을 이용하여 연필 선 종이센서(pencil drawing paper sensor, PDPS)를 제작하였을 경우 센서로 활용하기 위한 기초연구를 실시하였다. PDPS를 제작하기 위한 기초 연구로 4B 조건이 최적이며, 연필 선의 길이는 20 mm 폭은 3 mm 조건이 적절하였다. 또한 종이는 A4조건이 최적이었으며, 접점의 안정화를 위해 스카치 테이프와 실버페이스트가 반드시 사용해야 데이터의 노이즈가 감소하였다. PDPS를 이용할 경우 온도에 대한 감지가 가능하였으며, 경험식으로 PDPS의 전기저항 변화도 결과와 온도 결과가 반비례 관계임을 확인하였다. 온도에 대한 PDPS 경험식을 바탕으로 복합재료의 성형단계에서의 확인한 PDPS의 전기저항 변화를 관찰하여 복합재료의 물성과의 상관관계를 확인하였다. 비교적 PDPS를 이용하여 복합재료의 기계적 및 계면 물성을 예측해 볼 수 있었다.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2011

부밴드 구조에서 투사차원이 P인 전밴드 인접투사 적응필터는 최대 군위상 분해와 노블아이덴티티를 적용함으로써 P개의 적응 부필터로 분해된다. 각각의 적용 부필터는 투사차원이 1인 간단한 계수 갱신식을 갖게 된다. 이러한 부밴드 분해기법은 구현관점에서 가장 실용적인 해법 중 하나이다. 많은 응용에서 활용을 위해 MPDSAP 적응 필터의 최적 스텝사이즈 해석이 필요하다. 본 논문은 MPDSAP 적응 필터의 MSE에 대한 개선된 해석 모델을 제안하고 초기 최적 스텝사이즈를 유도한다. 컴퓨터 시뮬레이션을 통해 MSE의 개선된 해석 모텔과 유도된 최적 초기 스텝사이즈에 대해 이론과 실험적 결과 사이의 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제32권4호
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• pp.34-39
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• 2017

Typical flow regime of overflow at barrier or weir constructed in mid and small streams becomes as the submerged flow during most flood events. One of major causes of barrier failure has been reported as the levee-scour near the conjuction node between barrier and levee. However, most related design guidelines in Korea have not mentioned about the protection of levee around barrier or weir in detail. Furthermore, most previous researches have focused on the flow characteristics of overflow around several types of weirs but they did not have considered the material properties of levee itself. In this study, local scour near barrier was investigated with different material properties of levee under the submerged overflow condition which is assumed to reenact a flood event. Based on results from Fritz et al. and Mavis et al., a theoretical formula was also proposed in initial stage of laboratory experiments. And hydraulic experiments were carried out for the verification of the proposed formula. Levee was installed in the prismetic trapezoidal open channel and most parts were made of concrete except for movable section in which scour was expected to occur for the efficiency of experimental procedure. Each compaction of movable section in levee was followed by the basis of the KS F 2312. Further, after performing the experiments to find the optimum water content for each sediment, the specific amount of water was injected before flowing water. The difference between the proposed theoretical formula and experiment results was not much but considerable, which might be caused by the effect of compaction. For theoretical approach, it seemed that the formula did not take into account the compaction of levee, thus the correction coefficient for levee compaction determined in the literature was considered. Finally, the formula for the length of scour around barrier or weir was proposed, which can be useful to predict a levee in the reference design of revetment in mid and small streams. As shortly future study, scour length of levee around barrier or weir under different flow conditions such as perfect overflow condition will be studied and it will be able to contribute to suggest the design formula or criteria under all overflow conditions near barrier or weir.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.630-644
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• 2016

We conducted a comprehensive review on artificial reefs (ARs) including seaweed reefs for marine afforestation in relation to their development and research from 1972 to 2016, and then systematically analyzed their current a state-of-the-art and practice. From the review, the followings conclusions are made. First, the objectives of AR projects in the Southeast Asia can be classified into three, i.e. protection and increase of fishery resources, local community's profits, and ecological tourism. Second, fish gathering effects by ARs can be determined in terms of wake region or wake length that tends to increase with the K-C (Keulegan-Carpenter) number. Third, ARs are desirable to deploy across a direction of the main flow but it is essential to keep the deployment interval two to four times the length of a single reef. Fourth, stability of ARs depends on how to evaluate drag coefficient, and Morison formula turns out to be practical. Fifth, local scours of ARs are likely to occur due to a downward flow around the center of the front surface. Finally, it is natural for ARs to positively contribute to the marine ecosystem but it is imperative to develop an evaluation method for the effects of ARs on the marine ecosystem.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.850-857
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to investigate replacing possibility of sucrose by sugar alcohols and to establish the optimum formula for the development of sugar cookies. The characteristics of sugar cookies prepared with xylitol, maltitol, lactitol, isomalt substituted for 35, 50, 75, 100% of sucrose were examined through physical measurement and sensory evaluation. The spread ratio of cookies containing sugar alcohols except xylitol was superior to that of control cookies(sucrose 100%) and the use of lactitol increased the spread ratio of cookies. The specific gravity of cookies containing sugar alcohols except xylitol was lower than that of control cookies. Therefore spread ratio was in inverse proportion to specific gravity. As the proportion of sugar alcohols increased in cookie formula, surface color of cookies was getting lighter than that of control cookies. Especially cookies containing xylitol, maltitol was getting lighter as the levels of replacement increased. Overall quality of cookies with sugar alcohols containing sensory analysis was superior to that of control cookies.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제25권10A호
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• pp.1566-1575
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• 2000

이 논문은 일반화된 감마 신호원에 최소 평균제곱오차 왜곡을 갖도록 설계된 양자기가 다른 신호원에 사용될때 발생하는 양자기 불일치에 대한 연구로서, 양자기의 여러 불일치 가운데, 설계 신호원과 사용 신호원의 분산이 불일치된, 분산 불일치 문제를 다루었다. 주 내용은 베넷 적분식을 기반으로 하여 유도한 양자기 왜곡의 두 근사수식으로, 첫째 근사식은 양자기의 맨 바깥 경계값의 함수로 표시된 제1차 왜곡 근사식이며, 둘째 근사식은 이 맨바깥 경계값의 근사식을 사용한 제2차 왜곡 근사식이다. 일반화된 감마 신호원의 일종인 라플라스 신호원의 경우에 다양한 분산 불일치에 대해, 양자기의 실제 왜곡을 수치로 구하였으며, 이 실제 왜곡과 두 근사식을 비교하였다. 제1차 및 2차 근사식은 모두, 설계 신호원의 분산에 대한 사용 신호원의 분산 비율이 클수록, 더 작은 양자점수에서도 실제 왜곡에 근접하였으며, 또 양자점의 개수가 64 이상일 때 실제 왜곡의 2~4% 이내의 오차를 보여, 높은 정확도를 갖는 것이 관찰되었다. 이를 종합할 때, 이 논문에서 제시하는 근사식들은, 수식이라는 측면과 정확도라는 측면에서, 가치있는 것으로 평가된다.