• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.72-78
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• 2003

In the process of producing chitosan from crustacean shell, the use of excessive acid and alkli is causing the problems of environmental pollution and of production cost. In this study, one way to solve these problems is to cultivate fungi, then, to extract chitosan from the cell wall. By means of flask incubation and batch cultivation, the optimum cultivation conditions for mass production of continuous cultivation was found. Four strains used for the production of fungal chitosan were Gongronella butleri IF08080, Absidia coerulea IF05301, Rhizopus delemar IF04775, Mucor tuberculisporus IF09256. In flask incubation to select strain of producing much chitosan by means of experiment of the effect of initial pH, Absidia coerulea IFO 5301 had highest yield in FCs, 258.1 $\pm$ 47.3 mg/200 $m\ell$l at pH 6.5. In flask incubation under the optimum cultivation condition, temperature 27$^{\circ}C$, culture time 6days, glucose 2%, peptone 1%, (NH$_4$)$_2$ SO$_4$ 0.5%, $K_2$HPO$_4$ 0.1 %, Nacl 0.1 %, MgSO$_4$ㆍ7$H_2O$ 0.05%, CaCl$_2$ㆍ2$H_2O$ 0.01 %, the yield of DCW brought the highest yields. In batch bioreactor, the optimum cultivation condition was that cell suspended solution was 70 $m\ell$, aeration rate 0.5 l/min, agitation rate 800 rpm, culture time 36 hr. In continuous bioreactor, the optimum substrate flow rate was 4 ι/day.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.455-460
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• 1999

In order to establish the processing condition of salt-fermented liquefaction of sardine (Sardinops melanoslicta), effect of temperature, pH value, and concentration of salinity on crude enzyme activity of sardine viscera were investigated. The optimum temperature range of crude enzyme activity in sardine viscera was $45{\sim}50^{\circ}C$ and the optimum pH value of it was 9.8. According to the concentration of salinity increased the crude enzyme activity in sardine viscera decreased. The relationship between concentration of salinity (X) and the crude enzyme activity (Y) in sardine viscera is shown as follows; Y=-0.01363X+0.7676 (r=-0.88). For the purpose of processing conditions of rapid- and low salt-fermented liquefaction of sardine, changes of viable cell count, histamine content, and volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) in the chopped whole sardine with 8% NaCl during preheating process at $40^{\circ},\;45^{\circ}$ and $50^{\circ}C$ for 48 hrs were analyzed. During preheating, initial viable cell counts of chopped whole sardine were $10^{4-7}/g$, but they decreased $10^{1-5}/g$ after 48 hrs. Histamine contents during preheating process at $40^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}C$ were gradually increased, whereas at $50^{\circ}C$ were almost the same level after 48 hrs. VBN contents were continuously increased during preheating, but preheating at $50^{\circ}C$ samples were lower level than that of $40^{\circ}\;and\;45^{\circ}C$ ones. For the purpose to accelerate the fermentation and liquefaction of chopped whole sardine, preheating at optimum temperature of crude enzyme activity for 48 hrs was useful processing method and the contents of viable cell count, histamine, and VBN were safety level for food sanitation.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.490-494
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• 2003

For the production of antifungal compound, strain B-1 was used as a strong producing strain among bacteria isolated from various soil samples. The optimum medium for the production of antifungal compound was PDB (potato starch 0.4%, dextrose 2％, pH5.1). The optimum conditions for the production of antifungal compound didn't affect on the carbon and nitrogen sources. The produced compound showed broad antimicrobial activity to the tested strains such as five fungi and four bacteria. The optimum pH and temperature of the production antifungal compound were pH 5.0 and 28$^{\circ}C$, respectively. Ether extrct (1$\mu\textrm{g}$/${\mu}\ell$) of culture broth was confirmed inhibitory zone by the thin layer chromatography and plate assay. The antimicrobial compound was unstabled after heat (121$^{\circ}C$) trsatment. Strain B-1 was mass cultured in a 5-liter tormentor, containing 3 liters of PDB medium at 28$^{\circ}C$, pH 5.0, 120 (pm with aeration (1L/min).

• The Research Journal of the Costume Culture
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• v.14 no.3 s.62
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• pp.387-403
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• 2006

The purpose of this study was to develop a new torso pattern for the schoolgirl of a tween generation who had different somatotype from children and teenagers. The subjects in this study were female elementary school students of fifth or sixth grade. Through a sensory evaluation of four existing torso patterns, the first research torso pattern was developed. Drafting methods of each item, which closed to the optimum value three, were selected. The differences between the values of the selected drafting methods and the optimum three were verified through a Wilcoxon's ranked sum test. The final research torso pattern was developed through adjusting the drafting methods according to the deviation from the optimum value three. The schoolgirl of a tween generation is at the time to show the remarkable breast development compared with a waist circumference, so the bust drafting was defined as B/4+ 1.25cm separately front and back. The drafting of a waist circumference was defined as W/4+1cm separately front and back which taken the ease amounts of the somatotype into consideration of the schoolgirl of a tween generation. A princess line was used instead of a waist dart because their hip circumference was more developed than a waist circumference. The crossed amount of a front hemline was 0.3cm and that of a back hemline was 0.7cm. and the princess line of the position was drawn with a straight line at a right angle of the back waistline. The armhole depth was determined B/4-1cm in consideration of the aesthetic and the trend, although the effective movement of upper arm was required.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.139-144
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• 1999

The optimum culture conditions for an antibiotics from Actinomyces sp. were investigated. The optimum composition of medium for antibiotics production was 1% glucose, 1% soybean meal, 0.5% NaCl, 0.1% $CaCO_2$, and the optimum initial pH was 7.0. And the antibiotics showed highest activity when the strain isolated from soil was aerobically cultivated at $28^{\circ}C$ for 72hours under the optimum conditions. A production of the antibiotics from Actinomyces sp. begins at the 36th hours and then reached the maximum at the stationary phase developed at the 72th hours under the optimum conditions.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.125-130
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• 2004

Callus and cell suspension cultures of Eurycoma longifolia Jack could be an alternative supply of 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one and 9-methoxycanthin-6-one. The callus tissues were initiated from leaves of different trees. The friable calli were used for the preparation of the cell suspension cultures of E. longifolia. The leaf explant of tree Eu-9 produced the most callus and also induced high cell biomass in the cell suspension culture, but it produced low quantity of 9-methoxycanthin- 6-one and 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one. The leaf explant from tree Eu-8 produced low quantity of callus and cell biomass, but produced the highest quantity of 9-methoxycanthin- 6-one and 9-hydroxycanthin-6-one. Optimum production of cell biomass was obtained on cell culture medium with pH 5.75 prior to autoclaving, but high alkaloids content could be induced in culture medium in acidic condition with pH 4.75 and 5.25 prior to autoclaving.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.6
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• pp.622-628
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• 1998

Microorganisms isolated from soil were tested for their flocculating activity in kaolin suspension, Identification of the best producing CH-23 strain showed that the strain belonged to the Bacillus megaterium. The maximum production of the flocculating from Bacillus megaterium CH-23 was observed in the culture medium containing 2% sucrose, 3% NaNo3, 0.1% K2HPO4, 0.5% NaCl, 0.5% MgSO4.7H2O and 0.01% tryptone at initial pH 7.0 and 25~3$0^{\circ}C$. Flocculating activity was improved to 57% when the culture medium contained Mn2+(0.01% MnSo4). In the culture medium containing Mg2+(0.01% MgSO4.7H2O) and Ca2+(0.01% CaCO3), flocculating activity were reached to 48% and 33%, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.420-425
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• 2006

This study was conducted to produce vinegar using maesil. Acetic acid bacteria was 20 strains isolated from several conventional vinegars. Among the isolates, a strain showed highest acetic acid productivity was selected and identified as Acetobacter sp. SK-7. The optimum medium of acetic acid production by Acetobacter sp. SK-7 was 30% of maesil juice, 4% of ethanol, and 2% of starting acidity and 0.2% of glucose. Optomum condition for the high yield of acetic acid was in the shaking culture at 30$^{\cire}$. The acidity of culture medium was reached to 7.1% after 12 days fermentation. Organic acid was identify 6 kinds containing acetic acid. The total content was 7,068.7 mg% after 12 days and malic acid slowly decreased and acetaic and citirc acid gradationally increased according to fermentation

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.1-6
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• 1975

The excellent strain $K_{52}$ for producing lipase was selected among 215 strains of Rhizopus sp. isolated from soil and other natural sources. The results investigated of microbiological characters and conditions for producing lipase Ivere summarized as follows： (1) Strain $K_{52}$ was similar to Rhizopus delemar in microbiological character. (2) The lipase activity was most vigorous after 48 hours in wheat bran culture, 96 hours in surface culture and 72 hours in shaking colure. (3) Surface culture was more suitable than in shaking culture for producing lipase. (4) In the case of wheat bran culture, producing of lipase was vigorous after 48 hours of culure period (3,800u/g) . (5) The optimum temperature for producing lipase was 3$0^{\circ}C$ both in wheat bran culture and in surfase culture.

• Mycobiology
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.82-86
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• 2007

Ergone, a fungal metabolite derived from ergosterol, was previously isolated and identified from Polyporus umbellatus. Ergone is a major component of P. umbellatus known to have anti-aldosteronic diuretic effect and also displays cytotoxic activities. Most of mushroom's fruit bodies used for test contained less than 10 ${\mu}g/g$ of ergone. But P. umbellatus have larger amount of ergone than any other mushrooms. In order to improve the ergone production from the submerged culture of P. umbellatus, several factors including medium composition, culture conditions (temperature and pH) and different combinations of co-cultivation with various mycelia were studied. Among various carbon sources examined, starch proved to be most effective for the production of mycelia. The optimum pH and temperature for a flask culture of P. umbellatus mycelia were found to be 4.5 and $25^{\circ}C$, respectively. Under the optimized culture conditions, both the ergone production (86.9 ${\mu}g/g$) and mycelial growth (3.5 g/l) increased when P. umbellatus was cultured with Armillariella mellea. When the optimized conditions were applied, both mycelium and ergone production were significantly enhanced.