• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.585-597
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• 2008

The aim of this study was to find an analytic solution to the problem of determining the optimal capacity (lot-size) of a batch-storage network to meet demand for a finished product in a system undergoing random failures of operating time and/or batch material. The superstructure of the plant considered here consists of a network of serially and/or parallel interlinked batch processes and storage units. The production processes transform a set of feedstock materials into another set of products with constant conversion factors. The final product demand flow is susceptible to short-term random variations in the cycle time and batch size as well as long-term variations in the average trend. Some of the production processes have random variations in product quantity. The spoiled materials are treated through regeneration or waste disposal processes. All other processes have random variations only in the cycle time. The objective function of the optimization is minimizing the total cost, which is composed of setup and inventory holding costs as well as the capital costs of constructing processes and storage units. A novel production and inventory analysis, the PSW (Periodic Square Wave) model, provides a judicious graphical method to find the upper and lower bounds of random flows. The advantage of this model is that it provides a set of simple analytic solutions while also maintaining a realistic description of the random material flows between processes and storage units; as a consequence of these analytic solutions, the computation burden is significantly reduced.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2018

The heterogeneous cellular network (HCN) is most significant as a key technology for future fifth generation (5G) wireless networks. The heterogeneous network considered consists of randomly macrocell base stations (MBSs) overlaid with femtocell base stations (BSs). The stochastic geometry has been shown to be a very powerful tool to model, analyze, and design networks with random topologies such as wireless ad hoc, sensor networks, and multi- tier cellular networks. The HCNs can be energy-efficiently designed by deploying various BSs belonging to different networks, which has drawn significant attention to one of the technologies for future 5G wireless networks. In this paper, we propose switching off/on systems enabling the BSs in the cellular networks to efficiently consume the power by introducing active/sleep modes, which is able to reduce the interference and power consumption in the MBSs and FBSs on an individual basis as well as improve the energy efficiency of the cellular networks. We formulate the minimization of the power onsumption for the MBSs and FBSs as well as an optimization problem to maximize the energy efficiency subject to throughput outage constraints, which can be solved the Karush Kuhn Tucker (KKT) conditions according to the femto tier BS density. We also formulate and compare the coverage probability and the energy efficiency in HCNs scenarios with and without coordinated multi-point (CoMP) to avoid coverage holes.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.70-77
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• 2009

In an RFID network consisting of a single reader and many tags, a framed and slotted ALOHA, which provides a number of slots for the tags to respond, was introduced for arbitrating a collision among tags' responses. In a framed and slotted ALOHA, the number of slots in each frame should be optimized to attain the maximal efficiency in tag cognizance. While such an optimization necessitates the knowledge about the number of tags, the reader hardly knows it. In this paper, we propose a tag cognizance scheme based on framed and slotted ALOHA, which is characterized by directly taking a Bayes action on the number of slots without estimating the number of tags separately. Specifically, a Bayes action is yielded by solving a decision problem which incorporates the prior distribution the number of tags, the observation on the number of slots in which no tag responds and the loss function reflecting the cognizance rate. Also, a Bayes action in each frame is supported by an evolution of prior distribution for the number of tags. From the simulation results, we observe that the pair of evolving prior distribution and Bayes action forms a robust scheme which attains a certain level of cognizance rate in spite of a high discrepancy between the Due and initially believed numbers of tags. Also, the proposed scheme is confirmed to be able to achieve higher cognizance completion probability than a scheme using classical estimate of the number of tags separately.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.46 no.5
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• pp.26-35
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• 2009

OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) system is robust to frequency selective fading and narrowband interference in high-speed data communications. However, an OFDM signal consists of a number of independently modulated subcarriers and the superposition of these subcarriers causes a problem that can give a large PAPR(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio). Phase rotation method can reduce the PAPR without nonlinear distortion by multiplying phase weighting factors. But computational complexity of searching phase weighting factors is increased exponentially with the number of subblocks and considered phase factor. Therefore, a new method, which can reduce computational complexity and detect phase weighting factors efficiently, should be developed. In this paper, a modeling process is introduced, which apply metaheuristic algerian in phase rotation method and optimize in PTS (Particle Swarm Optimization) scheme. Proposed algorithm can solve the computational complexity and guarantee to reduce PAPR We analyzed the efficiency of the PAPR reduction through a simulation when we applied the proposed method to telecommunication systems.

• Spatial Information Research
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.13-27
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• 2004

The current industrial development and the increase of population in Daecheong Reservoir basin have produced a rapid increase of wastewater discharge. This has resulted in problem of water quality control and management. Although many efforts have been carried out, reservoir water quality has not significantly improved. In this sense, the development of water quality management system is required to improve reservoir water quality. The goal of this study is to design a GIS-based water quality management system for the scientific water quality control and management in the Daecheong Reservoir. For general water quality analysis, WASP5 model was applied to the Daecheong Reservoir. A sensitivity analysis was made to determine significant parameters and an optimization was made to estimate optimal values. The calibration and verification were performed by using observed water quality data for Daecheong Reservoir. A water quality management system for Daecheong Reservoir was made by connecting the WASP5 model to ArcView. It allows a Windows-based Graphic User Interface(GUI) to implement all operation with regard to water quality analysis. The proposed water quality management system has capability for the on-line data process including water quality simulation, and has a post processor far the reasonable visualization for various output. The modeling system in this study will be an efficient NGIS(National Geographic Information System) far planning of reservoir water quality management.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.17-25
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• 2012

Wire bonding process in making semiconductor needs the most precise control and Critical To Quality(CTQ). Thus, it is regarded to be the most essential step in packaging process. In this process, pure gold wire is used to connect the chip and PCB(substrate or lead frame). However, the price of gold has been skyrocketing continuously for a long period of time and is expected to further increase in the near future. This phenomenon situates us in an unfavorable condition amidst the competitive environment. To avoid this situation, many semiconductor material making companies developed new types of wires: Au.Ag wire is one material followed by many others. This study is aimed to optimize the parameter in wire bonding with the use of 6sigma and QFD(Quality Function Deployment). 6sigma process is a good means to not only solve the problem, but to increase productivity. In order to find the key factor, we focused on VOB(Voice of Business) and VOC(Voice of Customer). The main factors from VOB, VOC are called CTQ. However, there were times when these main factors were far from offering us the correct answer, thus making the situation more difficult to handle. This study shows that QFD aids in deciding which of the accurate factors to undertake. Normally QFD is used in designing and developing products. 6sigma process is held more effective when it used with QFD.

• Journal of KSNVE
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.964-973
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• 1998

In this paper we propose a levitation and imbalance compensation controller design methodology of magnetic bearing system. In order to achieve levitation and elimination of unbalance vibartion in some operation speed we use the discrete-time Q-parameterization control. When rotor speed p = 0 there are no rotor unbalance, with frequency equals to the rotational speed. So in order to make levitatiom we choose the Q-parameterization controller free parameter Q such that the controller has poles on the unit circle at z = 1. However, when rotor speed p $\neq$ 0 there exist sinusoidal disturbance forces, with frequency equals to the rotational speed. So in order to achieve asymptotic rejection of these disturbance forces, the Q-parameterization controller free parameter Q is chosen such that the controller has poles on the unit circle at z = $exp^{ipTs}$ for a certain speed of rotation p ( $T_s$ is the sampling period). First, we introduce the experimental setup employed in this research. Second, we give a mathematical model for the magnetic bearing in difference equation form. Third, we explain the proposed discrete-time Q-parameterization controller design methodology. The controller free parameter Q is assumed to be a proper stable transfer function. Fourth, we show that the controller free parameter which satisfies the design objectives can be obtained by simply solving a set of linear equations rather than solving a complicated optimization problem. Finally, several simulation and experimental results are obtained to evaluate the proposed controller. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the proposed controller in eliminating the unbalance vibrations at the design speed of rotation.

• Journal of the Computational Structural Engineering Institute of Korea
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.381-390
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• 2009

In this paper, a complementary analysis for the structural safety evaluation of the spent nuclear fuel disposal canister developed for the Canadian Deuterium and Uranium(CANDU) reactor for about 10,000 years long term deposition at a 500m deep granitic bedrock repository has been performed. However this developed structural model of the spent nuclear fuel disposal canister which has 33 spent nuclear fuel baskets and whose diameter is 122cm is too heavy to handle without any structural safety problem. Hence a lighter structural model of the spent nuclear fuel disposal canister which is easy to handle has been required to develop very much. There are two methods to reduce the weight of the CANDU canister model. The one is to alleviate severe design conditions such as external loads and safety factor. The other is to optimize the cross section shape of the canister by reducing the spent nuclear fuel basket number. Hence, in this paper a complementary analysis to alleviate such severe design conditions is carried out and simultaneously structural analyses to optimize the cross section shape of the canister by reducing the spent nuclear fuel basket number below 33 are carried out by varying the external load and the canister diameter for the reduction of the canister weight. The complementary analysis results show that the diameter of canister can be shortened below 122cm to reduce the weight of the spent nuclear fuel disposal canister.

• The Journal of Engineering Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 1998

One approach to improved image restoration methods has been the incorporation of additional source information via Gibbs priors that assume a source that is piecewise smooth. A natural Gibbs prior for expressing such constraints is an energy function defined on binary valued line processes as well as source intensities. However, the estimation of both continuous variables and binary variables is known to be a difficult problem. In this work, we consider the application of the deterministic annealing method. Unlike other methods, the deterministic annealing method offers a principled and efficient means of handling the problems associated with mixed continuous and binary variable objectives. The application of the deterministic annealing method results in a sequence of objective functions (defined only on the continuous variables) whose sequence of solutions approaches that of the original mixed variable objective function. The sequence is indexed by a control parameter (the temperature). The energy functions at high temperatures are smooth approximations of the energy functions at lower temperatures. Consequently, it is easier to minimize the energy functions at high temperatures and then track the minimum through the variation of the temperature. This is the essence of a continuation method. We show experimental results, which demonstrate the efficacy of the continuation method applied to a Bayesian restoration model.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.83-94
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• 2011

In the biomedical domain, the longest matching method is frequently used for recognizing named entity written in the literature. This method uses a dictionary as a resource for named entity recognition. If there exist appropriated dictionary about target domain, the longest matching method has the advantage of being able to recognize the entities of target domain quickly and exactly. However, the longest matching method is difficult to recognize the enumerated named entities, because these entities are frequently expressed as being omitted some words. In order to resolve this problem, we propose the partial matching method using a dictionary. The proposed method makes several candidate entities on the assumption that the ellipses may be included. After that, the method selects the most valid one among candidate entities through the optimization algorithm. We tested the longest and partial matching method about HLA entities: HLA gene, antigen, and allele entities, which are frequently enumerated among biomedical entities. As preparing for named entity recognition, we built two new resource, extended dictionary and tag-based dictionary about HLA entities. And later, we performed the longest and partial matching method using each dictionary. According to our experiment result, the longest matching method was effective in recognizing HLA antigen entities, in which the ellipses are rare, and the partial matching method was effective in recognizing HLA gene and allele entities, in which the ellipses are frequent. Especially, the partial matching method had a high F-score 95.59% about HLA alleles.