• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.15-27
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• 1997

The objectives of this study were twofold; (1) to determine an optimal handle size of a signal billy, based on the subjective assessment of grip comfort and (2) to investigate the relationship between hand anthropometry and the optimal handle size. Thirty-seven university male students were asked to rate seven cylindrical handles of different diameters in barehanded and gloved conditions, respectively. Among these handles, 3.5cm diameter of the handle size was found to be the most comfortable, in both bardhanded and gloved conditionsl. However, no statistically significant reduction in grip comfort occurred within handle diameter ranging from 2.5cm to 4.0cm. As the handle diameter was deivated from the range, grip discomfort in creased significantly. A Spearman rank correlation coefficient test revealed that hand anthropometries such as finger lengths, hand circumference, and hand thickness were statistically significant factors on the determination of the optimal handle size. The implications of these findings were discussed. The results of this study can be used as guidelines in designing the hand tools for power grip.

• 산업경영시스템학회지
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• 제22권49호
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• pp.11-21
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to present the method to select optimal size for the industrial products which are closely related to human's body size. For this purpose, human factors such as body characteristics, body features, and preference in product selection which needs to be considered in setting standards were analyzed. This analysis is to select optimal size to minimize losses caused by the difference of size between demand by the customers and supply from the manufacturers. Using loss function, repetitive calculation process algorithm by using bisearch method was applied in selecting the sizes of demand and supply which minimize the total expected losses. For cumulative normal distribution probability, IMSL routine DNORDF was used. In case study, comparison has been made between the result which was calculated using presented algorithm and the results calculated by the process currently used by KS and ISO by measuring aged women's body size in human factors side and sorting them through the factor analysis and cluster analysis for feature factor extraction. Thus, they can be used as a basis for establishing industrial product standards.

• 산업기술연구
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• 제21권A호
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• pp.59-64
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• 2001

This paper analyzes the performance of the several types of ACL(Asynchronous ConnectionLess) packets used in Bluetooth according to a BER(Bit Error Rate) and a packet length and proposes an optimal packet type and an optimal size of the packet being able to be used under the given BER. This paper proposes how to obtain the optimal packet type and the optimal size of the packet maximizing the performance measure under the given BER. In addition, this paper shows that the optimal type and size of the packet maximizing the throughput are different from those maximizing the mean transmission time. This occurs because the Bluetooth uses not only one type of packet but also various types of packets.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제29권8호
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• pp.1102-1113
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• 2005

The propose of this study is to develop the optimal sizing system of ready-to-wear f3r elementary school girls using a newly invented statistical technique. The body measurements was classified by the method that equalizes the distribution of the subjects using the probability density function, to theoretically systemize a method to determine a size range of ready-to-wear for elementary school girls between 6 to 12 years old. The statistical method were 1) The total of 11 height groups, which size interval from one another is 6 cm that is an average height gap between each age. 2) In order to determine an approximate figure (m ${\times}$ n) to establish the appropriate sizes far each height group that fit to the combinations of bust and hip girth, which based on their means and standard deviations on the probability density curve to produce the standard normal distribution. 3) m and n were aligned by 4cm -the grading increments used for patterns making- and determined the size ranges by confirming the approximate figures of m and n. 4) The representative values were determined by an area ratio calculated by dividing the area determined from the range of bust and hip girth with the representative value. Considering the characteristics of subjects' distribution, the area ratios was used. 5) Weight was calculated by seeking a growth exponent for each age and multiplying it by the number of girls that fit to each size range. As sections that show the highest weight are more likely sought by the consumers, these sections were determined as the optimal size standards. 6) This optimal sizing system consists of sizes determined by the optimal size standards and its sizes are marked with height, bust and hip girth.

• 대한전자공학회논문지TC
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• 제43권12호
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• pp.31-41
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• 2006

이동통신망을 통한 인터넷 접속은 제한된 대역폭 및 무선 접속 링크에서의 높은 bit 오류율로 인하여 병목현상을 야기시킨다. 이러한 병목현상에 따른 TCP 통신의 성능저하를 막기 위해 TCP 연결의 여러 파라미터를 최적화시키는 작업은 필수적이다. 본 논문에서는 모바일 컨텐츠 서버와의 통신시에 무선링크의 이용 효율을 최대화시키기 위한 최적의 TCP 세그먼트 길이에 대한 알고리즘을 제시한다. 또한 본 논문에서는 제시된 알고리즘에 대한 몇 가지의 예를 제시한다. 제시된 예에서 보듯이 TCP 세그먼트 길이는 TCP 윈도우 사이즈가 어느 임계값 이상이 되면 더 이상 변하지 않고 고정된 값을 갖음을 알 수 있다. 본 논문의 결과를 이용하면, 단순히 TCP 세그먼트 길이만을 조정하므로서, 모바일 컨텐츠 서버 접속시에, 값비싼 무선 링크의 이용 효율을 최대화시킬 수 있을 것이다.

• 제어로봇시스템학회논문지
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• 제3권5호
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• pp.532-541
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• 1997

This article derives an analytic solution to determine the optimal size of multiple noncontinuous process and storage units. The total cost to be minimized consists of the setup cost of noncontinuous processing units and the inventory holding cost of feedstock/product storages. A novel approach, which is called PSW(Periodic Square Wave) model, is applied to represent the material flow among non-continuous units and storages. PSW model presumes that the material flow between unit and storage is periodic square wave shaped. The resulting optimal unit size has similar characteristics with the classical economic lot sizing model such as EOQ(Economic Order Quantity) or EPQ(Economic Production Quantity) model in a sense that the unit size is determined as the balance between setup and inventory holding cost. However, the influence of inventory holding cost of PSW model is different from that of EOQ/EPQ model. EOQ/EPQ model includes only the product inventory holding cost but PSW model includes all inventory holding costs around the non-continuous unit with proportional contribution. PSW model is suitable for analyzing interlinked process-storage system. The optimal lot size of PSW model is smaller than that of EOQ/EPQ model. This is quitea remarkable result considering that the EOQ/EPQ model has been is widely used since last half century.

• 한국수자원학회논문집
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• 제38권5호
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• pp.415-425
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 준분포형 장기유출 모형인 SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tool)을 적용하는 경우 유출 결과의 정도를 확보하기 위한 강우계 밀도 및 소유역의 규모를 파악하였다. 다차원 강우모형인 WGR모형(Waymire 등, 1984)에 의하여 모의 발생된 강우를 SWAT모형을 통하여 유출해석한 후 다양한 소유역 규모 및 강우계 밀도에 대해 유출 오차를 분석하는 방법을 사용하였으며, 연구결과 대상유역인 용담댐 유역의 경우 적정 소유역의 평균면적 및 강우계 1개가 대표하는 면적의 적정규모는 모두 $80km^2$로 파악되었다.

• Journal of information and communication convergence engineering
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.24-28
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• 2008

In RFID System, when multiple tags respond simultaneously, a collision can occur. A method that solves this collision is referred to anti-collision algorithm. Among the existing anti-collision algorithms, static framed slot allocation algorithm is very simple. But when the number of tags is variable, its performance degrades because of the fixed frame size. This paper proposes an optimal frame size allocation scheme that determines the frame size. The proposed scheme is based on the number of collision slots at every frame. According to the simulation results, the tag identification time is faster that of SFSA.

• 설비공학논문집
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.552-560
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• 1997

Analysis is performed to determine the optimal lengths or cross-sectional areas of refrigerator-cooled current leads that can be applied to the conduction-cooled superconducting systems. The binary current lead is composed of the series combination of a normal metal at the upper(warm) part and a high $T_c$ superconductor(HTS) at the lower(cold) part. The heat conduction toward the cold end of HTS part constitutes a major refrigeration load. In addition, the joint between the parts should be cooled by a refrigerator in order to reduce the load at the low end and maintain the HTS part in a superconducting state. The sum of the work inputs required for the two refrigeration loads needs to be minimized for an optimal operation. In this design, three simple models that depict the refrigeration performance as functions of cooling temperature are developed based on some of the existing refrigerators. By solving one-dimensional conduction equation that take into account the temperature-dependent properties of the materials, the refrigeration works are numerically calculated for various values of the joint temperature and the sizes of two parts. The results show that for given size of HTS, there exist the optimal values for the joint temperature and the size of the normal metal. It is also found that the refrigeration work decreases as the length of HTS increases and that the optimal size of normal metal is quite independent of the size of HTS. For a given length of HTS, there is an optimal cross-sectional area and it increases as the length increases. The dependence of the optimal sizes on the refrigerator models employed are presented for 1kA leads.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제8권1호
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• pp.165-182
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• 2014

An RFID systems employ efficient Anti-Collision Algorithms (ACAs) to enhance the performance in various applications. The EPC-Global G2 RFID system utilizes Frame Slotted Aloha (FSA) as its ACA. One of the common approaches used to maximize the system performance (tag identification efficiency) of FSA-based RFID systems involves finding the optimal value of the frame length relative to the contending population size of the RFID tags. Several analytical models for finding the optimal frame length have been developed; however, they are not perfectly optimized because they lack precise characterization for the timing details of the underlying ACA. In this paper, we investigate this promising direction by precisely characterizing the timing details of the EPC-Global G2 protocol and use it to derive a precise-optimal frame length model. The main objective of the model is to determine the optimal frame length value for the estimated number of tags that maximizes the performance of an RFID system. However, because precise estimation of the contending tags is difficult, we utilize a parametric-heuristic approach to maximize the system performance and propose two simple schemes based on the obtained optimal frame length-namely, Improved Dynamic-Frame Slotted Aloha (ID-FSA) and Exponential Random Partitioning-Frame Slotted Aloha (ERP-FSA). The ID-FSA scheme is based on the tag set estimation and frame size update mechanisms, whereas the ERP-FSA scheme adjusts the contending tag population in such a way that the applied frame size becomes optimal. The results of simulations conducted indicate that the ID-FSA scheme performs better than several well-known schemes in various conditions, while the ERP-FSA scheme performs well when the frame size is small.