• 전기의세계
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.47-51
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• 1979

An optimal problem in which the dynamics is nonlinear and the cost functional includes a discontinuous integrand is investigated. By using Neustadt's abstract maximum principle, a necessary conditions in the form of Pontryagin's maximum principle is derived and it is further shown that this necessary condition is also a sufficient condition for normal problems with linear-in-the-state systems.

• 한국식품영양학회지
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• 제10권2호
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• pp.241-245
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• 1997

천연식용색소를 제조하기 위하여 치자를 이용하여 색소추출의 최적조건과 황색 4호와의 내열성 및 내광성을 조사하였다. 에탄올을 추출용매로 사용한 경우 색소추출 최적조건은 추출온도 4$0^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 42시간, 추출 pH 7.0 및 기질농도 10%였다. 물추출의 경우 추출온도는 7$0^{\circ}C$, 추출시간 48시간, 추출 pH 7.0 및 기질농도 10%였다. 최적조건에서의 추출수율은 에탄올의 경우 75%였고, 물추출의 경우는 63%로 나타났다. 황색 4호와 치자 황색소의 내열성 및 내광성을 비교 검토한 결과, 황색 4호는 내열성과 내광성이 모두 98% 이상으로 나타났으나, 치자 황색소의 경우는 내열성은 62%, 내광성은 90%로 나타났다.

• 산업공학
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.13-24
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• 1996

Quality of injection molded parts is dependent on both mold design and processing conditions. From the mold design point of view, an optimal shrinkage should be used to compensate the shrinkage of molded parts. From the processing point of view, it is important to analyze the priority of processing conditions because a number processing conditions affect the quality of molded parts. Processing analysis employing the design of experiment was performed, and the shrinkage of molded part was considered as a characteristic parameter to improve the quality. As the result of the analysis of variance on SN ratio of a characteristic value, injection speed and bolding pressure were selected as two effective process parameters. Regression analysis on shrinkage and processing conditions was carried out, and an optimal processing condition was obtained by the response surface analysis. Shrinkage at the optimal condition could be used to reduce the number of try-cut at the step of mold making. The ranges of indirect control parameter, such as maximum cavity pressure or weight, measured at the optimal processing condition were used for monitoring the quality of molded parts in process.

• Journal of Communications and Networks
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• 제18권3호
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• pp.299-310
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• 2016

In practical wireless relay communication systems, non-destination nodes are assumed to be idle not receiving signals while the relay sends messages to a particular destination node, which results in reduced bandwidth efficiency. To improve the bandwidth efficiency, we relax the idle assumption of non-destination nodes and assume that non-destination nodes may receive signals from sources. We note that the message relayed to a particular node in such a system gives rise to interference to other nodes. To study such a more general relay system, we consider, in this paper, a relay system in which the relay first listens to the source, then routes the source message to the destination, and finally produces interference to the destination in sending messages for other systems. We obtain capacity upper and lower bounds and study the optimal method to deal with the interference as well as the optimal routing schemes. From analytic results obtained, we find the conditions on which the direct transmission provides higher transmission rate. Next, we find the conditions, by numerical evaluation of the theoretical results, on which it is better for the destination to cancel and decode the interference. Also we find the optimal source power allocation scheme that achieves the lower bound depending on various channel conditions. We believe that the results provided in this paper will provide useful insights to system designers in strategically choosing the optimal routing algorithms depending on the channel conditions.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2004년도 ICCAS
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• pp.1419-1423
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• 2004

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for planning an optimal path to capture a moving object by a mobile robot in real-time. The direction and rotational angular velocity of the moving object are estimated using the Kalman filter, a state estimator. It is demonstrated that the moving object is tracked by using a 2-DOF active camera mounted on the mobile robot and then captured by a mobile manipulator. The optimal path to capture the moving object is dependent on the initial conditions of the mobile robot, and the real-time planning of the robot trajectory is definitely required for the successful capturing of the moving object. Therefore the algorithm that determines the optimal path to capture a moving object depending on the initial conditions of the mobile robot and the conditions of a moving object is proposed in this paper. For real-time implementation, the optimal representative blocks have been utilized for the experiments to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• 제어로봇시스템학회:학술대회논문집
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• 제어로봇시스템학회 2003년도 ICCAS
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• pp.186-190
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• 2003

In this paper, we propose an algorithm for planning an optimal path to capture a moving object by a mobile robot in real-time. The direction and rotational angular velocity of the moving object are estimated using the Kalman filter, a state estimator. It is demonstrated that the moving object is tracked by using a 2-DOF active camera mounted on the mobile robot and then captured by a mobile manipulator. The optimal path to capture the moving object is dependent on the initial conditions of the mobile robot, and the real-time planning of the robot trajectory is definitely required for the successful capturing of the moving object. Therefore the algorithm that determines the optimal path to capture a moving object depending on the initial conditions of the mobile robot and the conditions of a moving object is proposed in this paper. For real-time implementation, the optimal representative blocks have been utilized for the experiments to show the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.25-33
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• 1998

An experimental study has been carried out to obtain optimal conditions for turbulent mixing of two fluid streams at various angle branches by a flow visualization method. The main purpose of this study is the utilization of flow visualization method as a fast and efficient way to find the optimal mixing conditions when several flow control parameters are superimposed. It is verified that the optimal conditions estimated by flow visualization method have good agreement with the concentration field measurements. The results demonstrate that the diameter ratio is mainly attributed to the mixing phenomena than the branch pipe angle and the Reynolds number. The most striking fact is that there exists the best diameter ratio, d/D.ident. O.17, which requires the minimum momentum ratio in the range of the present experiment. The velocity ratio for the optimal mixing condition has a value within 2 to 16 according to the different flow parameters.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.22-25
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• 1995

Bacillus licheniformis SSA3 can produce a dark-brown antimutagenic pigment. The optimal conditions for production of this pigment are reached at 0.1% tyrosine, in pH 6-8, within 7-9 days, at $30^{\circ}C$, and in aerobic condition. We cloned a DNA fragment involved in pigment synthesis from Bacillus licheniformis SSA3 using a mutant strain. The cloned DNA was 7kb in size, which can produce the same pigment even in E. coli.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.107-112
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• 2003

천마를 채취한 그대로 이용하는 데에는 생체보존에 따른 불편, 독성 그리고 자극성 등의 부작용으로 간단한 전처리 과정이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 천마를 이용한 가공제품의 개발을 위한 전처리 과정 중 증자 조건별로 천마의 항산화적 특성을 반응 표면 분석법으로 모니터링하여 최적 증자 조건을 설정하였다. 총페놀성 화합물의 함량은 증자온도 $94.43^{\circ}C$, 증자시간 42.38min에서 최적이었고 전자 공여능은 증자온도 $101.67^{\circ}C$, 증자시간 41.09min에서 최적조건이었다. 항산화능 및 아질산염 소거능은 $100^{\circ}C$, 40min의 동일조건에서 최적으로 나타났다. 위 항산화적 특성의 증자조건을 종합하여 superimposed contour map으로 최적조건을 예측한 결과, 증자온도 96{\sim}107{\circ}C$, 증자시간 $28{\sim}46min$으로 나타났다. 예측된 임의의 증자조건 $100^{\circ}C$, 40min으로 실제 항산화 관련값을 측정한 결과 예측값의 $95.9%{\sim}115.6%$으로 유효성이 높게 나타났다.

• 전기학회논문지
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• 제56권9호
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• pp.1527-1534
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• 2007

This paper proposes a new concept of optimal governor-response power flow (OGPF) to obtain an optimal set of control parameters when the systems are in mid-term conditions after disturbances, ignoring the system dynamics. The idea of GOPF simply comes from the attempt to find an optimal solution of the governor-response power flow (GPF), which is a pre-exiting tool that is used to get power flow solutions that would exist several seconds after an event is applied. GPF incorporates the simplified model of governors in the systems into the power flow equations. This paper explains the concept of OGPF and depicts the OGPF formulation and application of a nonlinear interior point method as the solution technique. Also, this paper includes an example with New England 39-bus test system to illustrate the effectiveness of GOPF.