• 대한지역사회작업치료학회지
• /
• 제1권1호
• /
• pp.59-72
• /
• 2011

목적: 본 연구는 후천적 장애인이 이성과의 관계 맺기에 대한 장애인들의 감정을 이해하고 이성과의 관계 맺기 속에서 일어나는 경험한 내용을 밝히는 것을 목적으로 하였다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 후천적 장애인들의 경험과 감정, 그 과정에 대한 이해를 얻기 위해 질적연구방법의 하나인 현상학적 연구 방법을 이용하였다. 참여자에 대한 심층면담, 현장 기록, 기술적 관찰 일기 등을 통해 자료를 수집하였고, 이를 Colaizzi의 현상학적 분석 방법을 통해 분석하였다. 결과 : 후천적으로 장애를 갖게 된 대상자들은 신체적, 심리적, 사회적으로 변화를 경험하게 되었으며, 특히 이성과의 관계 맺기 과정에서 심리적으로 많은 변화를 경험하였다. 대상자 8명의 심층 면담자료를 분석하였고. 그 결과 6가지의 주제 모음 1) 진단에 대하여 다양한 심리적 반응 2) 보호자 및 이성의 다양한 심리적 반응 3) 적극적인 지지를 통한 재활 의지변화 4) 장애를 갖게 된 이후 사회성 결여 5) 재활을 통한 자신감 변화 6) 이성에 대해 다양한 생각이 도출되었다. 결론 : 본 연구결과는 후천적 장애인이 이성과 관계 맺기에서 발생하는 문제점 및 감정을 이해하는데 필요한 자료를 제시하는데 유용하다. 이성과의 관계 맺기는 다른 어떤 사회속에서의 상호 작용하는 행위보다 의미가 있다. 관계 맺기 과정에서 갈등이 존재하고 이를 해결하기 위해 다양한 전문가들의 지원프로그램이 필요하다.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
• /
• 제27권6호
• /
• pp.77-84
• /
• 2010

Objectives : This study was to compare the incipient grade and improvement rate between each opposite gender and part on peripheral facial nerve paralysis. Methods : We investigated 64 cases of patient with peripheral facial nerve paralysis and divided into four groups with each gender and affected part and compared their incipient grade and rate of improvement. All groups were evaluated by Yanagihara's unweighted grading system before treatment and in everyday and after treatment. Results & Conclusion : 1. There's a difference of incipient grade between each opposite affected lesion in male. But there was not significant statistics. 2. There's no difference of incipient grade between each opposite affected lesion in female. 3. There's a difference of incipient grade between each opposite gender, affected their right side. But there was not significant statistics. Left side affecting palsy is more severe than right in male, and reversed results in female. But there were not significant statistics. There's no differences between each affected lesion in female. 4. There's no differences of improvement rate between each affected lesion in female. 5. The group, affected right side had better rate of improvement than another in male. But it's not significant statistics. 6. Male group had better rate of improvement than female in both gender, affected its left lesion. But it's not significant statistics.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
• /
• 제28권5호
• /
• pp.255-260
• /
• 2005

We investigated interventions by mother Jeju ponies on Jeju Island, Korea, to determine whether mothers assisted their offspring to attain higher status within the dominance hierarchy. Because dominance rank is important within each gender, we predicted that mothers would be more likely to intervene when their foals were play-fighting with foals of the same gender. A total of 173 play-fighting events were recorded from March to October 1998 and from April to October 1999. Of these, foals were more likely to play-fight with a foal of the same gender as with a foal of the opposite gender (120 versus 53 occurrences, respectively). A mother of one of the foals that were play-fighting intervened in 17 of these interactions. Contrary to the prediction, a mare was more likely to intervene when opposite genders interacted than when the same gender interacted. Analyzing interactions between the opposite genders further, mothers were equally likely to intervene when a daughter was play-fighting with a male foal as when a son was play-fighting with a female foal. Hence, mothers were not more protective of daughters than sons. Mothers that were in the younger age class ($2\sim11$ years old) were as likely to intervene as those in the elder age class ($17\sim25$ years old). However, all foals that were harassed were offspring of mothers in the younger, more subordinate age class. intervention directly maintains the dominance rank of the intervening mother, and may indirectly assist the intervening mother's foal to achieve a higher dominance rank. By discouraging their foals from play-fighting with the opposite genders, dominant mothers may be encouraging their foals to play-fight with the same gender and participate in establishing its own dominance rank.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제36권4호
• /
• pp.33-48
• /
• 2015

It is generally known that children's development of 'gender schema' and 'gender role stereotype' has a positive relationship with the notion of 'gender role preference'. This study analyzed an unusual case focusing on the role playing of two brothers'. The elder brother, Hyoung-Gyoo, always preferred to take the female role, and he had a preference for feminine names like "Cordelia" whilst engaging in role playing situations. The brothers can be said to have crossed the border into the realm of intersexual role playing. The results revealed Hyoung-Gyoo's clear discrepancy between gender-related perceptions and reality, and showed his younger sibling Je-Gyoo's high level of acceptance towards his brother's extraordinary gender role preference. The results of this study can serve as a useful reference point for detailing unusual development from early childhood regarding 'opposite-gender-role seeking' characteristics.

• 한국의류학회지
• /
• 제28권8호
• /
• pp.1100-1111
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study is to investigate the hair in aspects of gender and cultural/political ideology, and to confirm the meanings of hair style in modem fashion. There are three zones of social significance such as head hair, facial hair, and body hair, and each of theses zones has both gender and ideological significance. In aspects of gender, opposite sexes have opposite hair norms. And, in sociocultural standpoint, hair is a political symbol of the main protest movements in culture. The contemporary hair styles in fashion design mean that the ＇paying＇ with gender identity, the reflection of changing sexuality, the non-politicism, the fragmentation of style, and the naturalness.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.97-103
• /
• 1995

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of experimenter gender on pain report as well as the sex differences in pain threshold and pain tolerance. Cold pressor test and pressure pain threshold (PPT) test were performed on forty dental students by both of a male and a female experimenter separately with 1 day interval. The obtained results were as follows : There were no differences in pain threshold and pain tolerance between males and females when they were examined by the same gender experimenter in the cold pressor test, but when they were examined by the opposite gender experimenter the pain threshold of males was significantly higher than females. When the pain threshold was measured by the same gender experimenter, using a algometer, there was no differences in PPT between males and females. However, when the same measurements were done by the opposite gender experimenter, the PPT of males was significantly higher than females at anterior temporalis and inferior masseter. For cold pressor test, females tended to report lower levels of pain threshold and pain tolerance to a male experimenter than a female, but the differences were not significant. Although both pain threshold and pain tolerance were increased when males were examined by a female experimenter in the cold pressor test, the statistical significance was found only in pain tolerance. When subjects were examined by the opposite gender experimenter in the PPT text, females reported significantly higher levels of pain at inferior masseter and males reported significantly lower levels of pain at anterior temporalis and inferior masseter.

• 한국심리학회지 : 문화 및 사회문제
• /
• 제26권4호
• /
• pp.351-378
• /
• 2020

본 연구는 성별 간 갈등이 가장 극심하게 나타나는 성인초기 남녀의 성차별 메타-인식 양상을 탐색하기 위해 '여성의 남성을 향한 양가성에 대한 인식'과 '남성의 양가적 성차별에 대한 인식', '한국 사회의 성차별 실태'에 대한 지각을 측정하여 잠재프로파일 분석을 실시하고, 각 유형에 따른 성역할갈등, 이성과의 거리감, 성차별 논쟁에 대한 지지도의 차이를 살펴보았다. 이를 위하여 만 18세 이상 39세 이하 남녀 330명을 대상으로 자료를 수집하였고, SPSS 20.0과 Mplus 7.4 프로그램을 사용하여 자료를 분석하였다. 그 결과, 여성은 '성차별 둔감형 여성', '성차별 민감형 여성', '성차별 저항형 여성' 총 3가지 유형, 남성은 '성평등 인식형 남성', '역차별 인식형 남성' 총 2가지 유형이 도출되었다. 여성들은 성차별 메타-인식이 높은 유형일수록 성차별에 대한 지각과 성차별 논쟁에 대한 지지도가 높아진 반면, 남성들은 성차별 메타-인식이 높은 유형일수록 역차별에 대한 지각이 높아졌다. 남녀 모두 성차별 메타-인식 수준이 높은 유형일수록 더 높은 성역할갈등과 이성과의 거리감을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 현 한국 사회의 성별 갈등 현상에 대한 시사점과 본 연구의 제한점, 후속 연구를 위한 제언을 논의하였다.

• 아동학회지
• /
• 제30권4호
• /
• pp.117-133
• /
• 2009

This study researched differences in friendship among children of the same and/or opposite sex and their gender-role identities. Friendship and gender-role identities among 423 children in the 5th and 6th grades were examined. Data was analyzed by MANOVA and ANOVA. Findings were : (1) there were some differences between boys and girls in rank order of the distribution of gender-role identity types : androgynous type was most common in girls; undifferentiated was most common among boys. (2) Results of friendship based on sex and gender-role identity showed that boys and girls with androgynous gender-roles were friendly with both boys and girls. Among boys, masculine types were particularly friendly with boys; among girls, masculine types were particularly friendly with girls.

• Clinical Endoscopy
• /
• 제56권3호
• /
• pp.268-282
• /
• 2023

The sex/gender of gastroenterologists impact patients' satisfaction, compliance, and clinical outcomes. For instance, female gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopist-patient gender concordance improves health-related outcomes. This finding suggests that it is important to increase the number of female GI endoscopists. While the number of women in the field of gastroenterology is increasing in the United States and Korea by over 28.3%, it is not enough to account for the gender preferences of female patients. GI endoscopists are at a high risk of endoscopy-related injuries. However, there is a different distribution of muscle and fat; male endoscopists are more affected in their back, while females are more affected in the upper extremities. Women are more susceptible to endoscopy-related injuries than men. There is a correlation between the number of colonoscopies performed and musculoskeletal pain. Job satisfaction is lower in young female gastroenterologists (30' and 40') than in the opposite gender and other ages. Thus, it is important to address these issues in the development of GI endoscopy.

• STI Policy Review
• /
• 제8권2호
• /
• pp.1-22
• /
• 2017

This article explores the relationship between the gender composition of scientific research teams and scientists' individual performance. The gender composition of research teams is an important feature of workplace settings and influences the way people interact and communicate; however, previous research has not directly examined its relationship with scientists' individual performance. Drawing on data collected on university faculties in China in 2016, this article tests several hypotheses about individual's performance in teams with different gender compositions. The results show that team gender composition has a clear gendered effect on scientists' individual performance. The effects of tokenism for women in men-majority teams is proven, but men in women-majority teams appear to be unaffected by tokenism. Moreover, the theories claiming that homogenous teams are more conducive to better individual performance than mixed teams are supported for men but not for women. The findings of this research suggest that recruiting more women into the scientific workforce may improve their performance and thereby help diminish the gender gap in performance. It also indicates that the Chinese preferential policies towards women in science formulated in recent years have had positive impacts. However, considering that more than half of the researchers in the survey are working in men-majority teams, the task of narrowing the gender gap in performance remains a challenge. Further work is needed to explore the tensions and benefits of working with the opposite gender.