• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
• /
• v.28 no.3
• /
• pp.205-217
• /
• 2022

School meals are prepared based using the HACCP system, which is designed to ensure the physical and mental health of students. However, operational recommendations in school cafeterias have changed due to COVID-19 and include delays in serving time to restrict the number of meals and the installation of screens to prevent droplet transmission. Unfortunately, these changes may have detrimentally affected hygiene practices and generated new food poisoning sources. This study aimed to determine the hygiene state of school cafeterias in the Gyeongnam area from December 2020 to September 2021 based on the monitoring of total aerobic and coliform bacteria. Kitchen floors were the most contaminated areas with an average number of total aerobic bacteria of 4.3 log CFU/100 cm², whereas counts in dining areas were relatively low at 0.1~3.5 log CFU/100 cm². Newly installed partitioned areas had the lowest contamination level of 0.1~2.8 log CFU/100 cm². Escherichia coli was not detected on any surface, while coliform was detected on workbenches and floors. In conclusion, hygienic practices appear to have been adequately managed in school cafeterias despite COVID-19 driven changes. Nonetheless, continuous monitoring is recommended to ensure prompt response to changing environments.

• Korean Security Journal
• /
• no.6
• /
• pp.47-65
• /
• 2003

In Korea, Private security companies has steadily grown and amounts to 2,051 places as of November 30, 2002. Private security in korea is carrying out firm name role assignment to have held the police and public peace environment change factors for a standard faithfully, and protects social a little property that is a basic purpose, and it is spare no efforts in loss prevention. In spite of numeral increase of private security companies, private security companies have many problem. Moreover, they mostly did not have any remarkable in-house expertises in their own business under tough conditions. Under the unfavorable circumstances including insufficient investment and education in private security guard, there have been actually little further studies on private security business in practices. So this study mainly focused on addressing the installation security business managed by authorized companies, which amount to 96%(1,963 companies) of total 2,051 domestic security companies. Furthermore, the study formulated and modeled a series of business procedures in private security companies. A series of business procedures of private security companies can be modeled as follows : Setting of a business scope and aim market ${\Rightarrow}$ Marketing, Contact from customers(On-line or Off-line) ${\Rightarrow}$ Diagnosis of security target ${\Rightarrow}$ Submission of security operational plan ${\Rightarrow}$ Estimation of security operational plan ${\cdot}$ decision ${\Rightarrow}$ Contract ${\Rightarrow}$ Employment, selection of security guards ${\Rightarrow}$ Nomination of security guard instructors ${\Rightarrow}$ Education & training of security guards ${\Rightarrow}$ subscribe to insurance of damage liability ${\Rightarrow}$ Commitment and placement of security guards ${\Rightarrow}$ Establishment and preparation of security planning ${\Rightarrow}$ Field management and procurement of relevant security service.

• KIISE Transactions on Computing Practices
• /
• v.21 no.1
• /
• pp.29-39
• /
• 2015

When new inertial navigation systems for an unmanned aerial vehicles are being developed and tested, construction of a fault-tolerant system is required because of various types of hazards caused by S/W and H/W faults. In this paper, a new fault-tolerant flight system that can be deployed into one or more FCCs (Flight Control Computers) is introduced, based on a partition scheme wherein each OFP (Operational Flight Program) partition uses an independent CPU and memory slot. The new fault-tolerant navigation system utilizes one or two FCCs, and executes a primary navigation OFP under development and a stable shadow OFP partition on each node. The fault-tolerant navigation system based on a single FCC can be used for UAVs with small payloads. For larger UAVs, an additional FCC with two OFP partitions can be used to provide both H/W and S/W fault-tolerance. The developed fault-tolerant navigation system significantly removes various hazards in testing new navigation S/Ws for UAVs.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
• /
• v.26 no.3
• /
• pp.31-64
• /
• 2009

This article investigates the short-term cash flow exposures to Korea's major trading partners' currencies based on the kospi and kosdaq firm data from 2000 to 2008. The cash flow approach allows us to analyze the influence on operational performances of individual firm's hedging strategies. Taken all three foreign exchange rates together, more than 30% of the sample firms exhibit significant exposure. Given that the short-term cash flow is rather easy to hedge, the result proves a poor exchange rate risk management practices of Korean firms. Kosdaq firms are more exposed than Kospi firms. On the contrary to the previous researches using stock prices, the operational cash flows show a positive relationship with the value of foreign currencies. The exchange rate-firm sample further shows that the size and leverage affect the level of exposure.

• Journal of the Society of Naval Architects of Korea
• /
• v.46 no.2
• /
• pp.97-104
• /
• 2009

Ever increasing fuel prices, almost doubled in the last three years, and global pressure to reduce their environmental impact have been enforcing commercial vessel operators and designers to re-assess current vessel designs with emphasis on their propulsion systems and operational practices. In this paper the "Inclined Keel Hull (IKH)" concept, which facilitates to use larger propeller diameter in combination with lower shaft speed rates and hence better transport efficiency, is explored for a modern 3600 TEU container vessel with the aim of fitting an 13 % larger diameter propeller (and hence resulting 20% lower rpm) to gain further power saving over the similar size basis container ship with conventional "level keel" configuration. It appears that successful application of the "inclined keel Hull" concept is a fine balance amongst the maximum gain in propulsive efficiency, minimum increase in hull resistance and satisfaction of other naval architectural and operational requirements. In order to make the concept economically more viable, this paper concentrates on the fore body design with the possible combination of increase of volume in its fore body to recover the expected volume loss in the aft body due to the space for larger propeller and its low wave-making resistance to minimize the efficiency loss using a well-established optimization software.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
• /
• v.66 no.7
• /
• pp.1066-1071
• /
• 2017

Recently high voltage impulse (HVI) technique has been extensively studied for desalting processes to control the $CaCO_3$ scale formation in industrial water practices such as power plant, boiler, and heat exchange operations. Investigation of the operational parameters for the HVI is important, however, those had not been reported yet. In this study, the effect of initial feed volume and contact time on reduction of calcium ion concentration by the HVI technique was investigated. Initial feed volumes of artificial hard water which contained 100 mg/L of $Ca^{2+}$, were set to 1, 2, and 3 L respectively. After 24hr of HVI contact with 12kV, $Ca^{2+}$ ion was reduced to 50, 29 and 19 % of their initial concentration, indicating that calcium removal increased as initial feed volume decreased. This implies the applied HVI pulse energy per unit mass of calcium is important parameter determining overall desalting efficiency. A series of extended operations of HVI up to 30 days verified the long term stability of the HVI system. The calcium ion declined to 40 mg/L after 2~3 days, and further reduction of calcium was not achieved, indicating that optimum operation time could be 2~3 days under these experimental conditions. Consequently, it was confirmed that the important operational parameter of HVI technique is initial feed volume and contact time as well as the applied voltage that was already proven in the previous study.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
• /
• v.15 no.8
• /
• pp.566-575
• /
• 2009

Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium (CDISC) developed global and platform-independent data standards to improve ineffective processes of clinical trial studies. Regardless of its objective toward global cooperation, the current version of the CDISC standard cannot describe clinical trial data in various languages for multi-national investigators or reviewers. This problem applies not only to tabulated datasets in Study Data Tabulation Model (SDTM) but also to extensible markup language representation of the datasets in Operational Data Model (ODM) instances. In order to address this issue, we propose to extend the current version of SDTM and ODM to collect clinical data for multi-national clinical trials. SDTM needs to have new special-purpose domain for multi-language representation purpose. Additionally, ODM is recommended to extend its XML schema using subtyping or type inheritance mechanism respectively. Our extension of SDTM and ODM enable to represent any granule of study data tabulation model or XML data entities to describe in efficient languages. This result will contribute to collect multi-language data easily for multi-national clinical trials.

• Journal of the Korean BIBLIA Society for library and Information Science
• /
• v.22 no.2
• /
• pp.41-62
• /
• 2011

This research intends to identity problem and to suggest improvement through examples of the children for Reading Camp connected on Reading with Library Program for Children of Alienation in the National Library for Children and Young Adult and to investigate the way of effective the reading camp. The study investigated the operational practices of reading camp programs in 6 areas in the country. Further, it conducted a survey with children and librarians participated in the reading camp program. Based on the results, effective reading camp operation has been suggested and some suggestions have been made to improve administration strategies for reading camp.

• Journal of Applied Tourism Food and Beverage Management and Research
• /
• v.9
• /
• pp.213-242
• /
• 1998

Even in the best of economic environments, restaurants menu pricing is a serious concern to those in the food service industry. During times of rapid inflation, closer government regulation of compensation practices, and limited gains in worker productivity, the decisions regarding the proper charge for menu items become increasingly important. In addition to many operational and managerial factors, an important ingredient in the food service enterprise's success is its ability to meet the market by providing the value expected. The contribution-margin approach to pricing described above is familiar to cost accountants, who will also recognize that it admits of much elaboration before it can become a tool for day-to-day decisions. But the system probably has the greatest promise for multi-unit companies, where the cost benefit ratio of additional refinements improves in proportion to the number of operations. For example, the analysis required to specify the demand function better becomes less expensive if the findings can be applied to the pricing structure of numerous units. In any of its many adaptations, the essence of the integrated menu pricing system remains its ability to bring together the relevant revenues and costs with the operator's sense of the market and competitive environment to suggest prices that maximize profits.

• KIEE International Transactions on Power Engineering
• /
• v.3A no.1
• /
• pp.53-60
• /
• 2003

At present the electric power industry in Korea is going through a major restructuring process. The restructuring is motivated by a desire to reduce electricity supply costs, to attract new in-vestment in modern generation, transmission and distribution facilities, and to stimulate innovation in the wholesale production and the retail supply of electricity. The experience to date shows that restructuring of electric power industry in the US, however, is marred with a number of problematic market performances including unreasonably high prices at wholesale. This paper investigates the important role of Power Exchange for stabilizing electric power industry in transition by offering various financial products. These financial products are used for risk hedging by the market participants. The paper focuses on the risk hedging by an individual supplier and derives an explicit decision rule that incorporates the attitude towards the risks. In addition to providing the financial products for risk hedging by market participants, the Power Exchange plays another very important role of financial safeguard system. Because of its unique characteristics, the Power Exchange is well suited for financial surveillance where it performs the early detection of unsound financial (and to a large extent operational) practices on the part of any system users and protect the system integrity and the market participants from the consequences of a default in the clearing structure.