• Child Health Nursing Research
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.17-30
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• 1998

In order to investigate the effects of a decreased activity on skinfold thickness, circumference and muscle strength of the extremities during the recovery period following heart surgery, skinfold thickness, circumference and muscle strength of the extremities were measured on days 0, 3, 6, and 9 following the surgery, and compared with those on the arrival day of intensive care unit. Skinfold thickness was measured using a skinfold caliper(Saehan Cor., Korea), circumference of the limbs were measured with a tape measure, upper extremity strength was determined using the Takei grip dynamometer and lower extremity strength was measured by pressing the flatfoot on an electronic digital health meter while tying on a bed. Results from this study were thus : 1. Skinfold thickness of triceps, quadriceps and gastrocnemius muscle on days 3, 6, 9 following the heart surgery was not significantly different from that of on the day of operation. 2. Circumference of midupperarm and midthigh on days 3, 6, 9 following the heart surgery was not significantly different from that of on the day of operation. Circumference of midcalf on days 3, 6 following the heart surgery was not significantly different from that of on the day of operation, while that of midcalf on day 9 following the surgery decreased significantly compared with that of on the day of operation. 3. Muscle strength of the upper extremity was not significantly different from that of on the day of operation, while that of the lower extremity on day 9 following the surgery decreased significantly compared with that of on the day of operation. From these results, it may be concluded that circumference and muscle strength of lower extremity can be decreased due to the postoperative inactivity following heart surgery in congenital heart disease children.

• 한국안전학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2018

The interest in the Building Information Modeling (BIM) technology has risen remarkably due to the effects on construction work period reduction, cost reduction, work safety improvement, and other factors. In civil engineering field, BIM applications mainly focus on data modeling and virtual construction. In this study, we present the BIM-based virtual construction and analyze the effects of BIM for the railway facilities so that the conventional approach to the equipment operation plan can be improved in order to prevent safety accidents which can result from unclear information during the operation plan. The BIM-based virtual construction technology is applied to establish the construction plan for the site with constraints, the installation of steel girder needs to be completed, avoiding interference with the existing high-speed railway operation within a given limited time. A virtual construction model consisting of topography, structures, equipments, and avatar was built and more detailed model, including safety guard rails, was then created. Specifications of the construction equipment were input as a database, and the virtual construction model was manipulated in the equipment operation planning. Through the BIM-based virtual construction, including the verification of alternative construction method, 311 million won was saved and the construction period was shortened by 87 days compared to the original plan. In addition, it was shown that the interest and participation of the construction workers can be increased by providing the 3D virtual scene for real construction work and various safety hazards occurring during equipment operation can be effectively removed in advance by the interactive worker education.

• 대한후두음성언어의학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.66-70
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• 1998

Background and Objectives : The managements of unilateral vocal cord palsy include type Ⅰ thyroplasty and arytenoid adduction. One type operation has been shown no satisfactory effect. We evaluated preoperative and postoperative speech of unilateral vocal cord palsy patients who received combined operation of type Ⅰ thyroplasty and arytenoid adduction to help for the management plan of unilateral vocal cord palsy patients. Materials and Methods : We reviewed the postoperative results and complication of 17 surgically treated patients of unilateral vocal cord palsy at Severance hospital from Nov. 1996 to Dec. 1997 retrospectively. They were received combined operation of type Ⅰ thyroplasty and arytenoid adduction. Their pre and post-operative speech were analyzed with MDVP(Multi-Dimension-Voice analysis Program) of CSL(Computerized Speech Lab). Results : After the operation, MPT(Maximal Phonation Time) was increased and MFR(Mean Flow Rate) was decreased in all patients. NHR(Noise to Harmonic Ratio) and VTI(Voice Turbulence Index) were decreased : liner, RAP(Relative Average Perturbation Quotient), PPQ(Pitch Period Perturbation Quotient), sPPQ(smoothed Pitch Period Perturbation Quotient), vFo(fundamental frequency Variation) were decreased : Shimmer, APQ(Amplitude Perturbation Quotient), sAPQ(Smoothed Amplitude Perturbation Qoutient), vAm(Peak Amplitude Variation) were decreased in all the patients. Conclusions : In unilateral vocal cord pals), combined operation of type Ⅰ thyroplasty and arytenoid adduction could obtain satisfactory postoperative voice. MDVP has many parameters and good method for evaluation of voice surgery.

• 한국IT서비스학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.45-60
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• 2017

The study suggests a contract model of application operation through case study of A bank's IT outsourcing application contract based on workload. The IT outsourcing order form has a problem in that the scope of work is ambiguous due to the integration of operation and maintenance. In this study, application operation and maintenance were separated by referring to application operation history provided in ISO/IEC15504-5 standard. The scope of the IT outsourcing service was clarified by organizing the definition and detail activities of the application operation business. Application operation contract method has generally applied estimation method by the number of input manpower and period by agreement between buyer and client. As there is no activity to calculate the number of input manpower based on the operational work history and based on the standard workload per activity. In this case is not guaranteed due to the simple agreement between the contractors. In this paper, we propose an application operating cost estimation model that measures the size of the operating software using function point analysis that is the basis of application operation tasks. In order to verify the validity of the application operation cost model, we verified the correlation between the application size and the labor cost through regression analysis using SPSS.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2013

혐기성 연속 회분식 반응조(Anaerobic sequencing batch reactor; ASBR)를 이용하여 혼합배양을 통한 장기간의 수소생산특성을 조사하였다. 실험에 사용된 기질은 글루코오스(8,250 mg/L)였고, pH 5.5, 온도 $37^{\circ}C$, 교반속도 150 rpm으로 설정하여 160일 동안 반응조를 운전하였다. 운전초기에 F/M비 2로 유지되어 수소생산 수율은 0.8 mol $H_2/mol$ glucose의 수소가 생산되었고, 운전 80일째 수소생산수율은 2.68 mol $H_2/mol$ glucose까지 증가하였다. 그러나 그 이후로 수소 생산량이 지속적으로 감소하여 운전 130일경 이후 수소의 생산은 없는 것으로 나타났다. PCR-DGGE분석을 통해 반응조내 미생물은 일반적인 수소생성 균으로 알려지고 있는 Clostridium sp.가 검출되었으나 반응조 운전 조건의 변화가 수소생산 저감의 주된 원인으로 밝혀졌다. 즉 반응조의 MLSS 농도가 증가함에 따라 F/M비가 감소하고 생산된 수소는 propionic acid의 생성으로 소모되는 것으로 추정할 수 있고 이는 반응조의 F/M비 0.5와 propionic acid 농도는 2,130 mg/L로 높게 유지된 것으로 확인하였다.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.201-206
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• 2001

Objective : The purpose of this study was to assess the complications, duration of admission, cost effectiveness, radiologic stabilization of the anterior cervical bone fusion in the treatment of cervical disc disease with and without plating. Materials and Methods : Fifty-two surgically treated patients for cervical disc disease were reviewed. Group I consisted of consecutive treated patients with iliac auto-bone graft without instrumentation after anterior cervical discectomy. Group II consisted of consecutive treated patients with iliac autologous-bone graft with CASPER cervical plate fixations. Radiologic fusion was decided when loss of end plate boundary between graft bone and vertebral body and immobile, maintenance of the disc space were evident on simple dynamic plain films. The patients were discharged after the stabilization of cervical motion by films was of tained. These groups were analysed multiple variably with Mann-Whitney U-test. Results : Group I consisted of 18 patients, group II consisted of 34 patients. Mean age was $49.0{\pm}8.1years$, mean duration of admission was $17.27{\pm}10.51days$, mean costs for treatment was $1,970,000{\pm}475,000won$. In group I, mean age was 47.7(34-60) years, 16 patients had undergo on one-level operation, 2-patients had undergo on two-level operation, mean duration of admission was $28.7{\pm}10.4days$, mean costs for treatment was $2,194,473{\pm}561,639won$. The periods of stabilization was $6.6{\pm}3.36weeks$ on radiologic study. Mean periods of out patient follow up was 16.8(6-64) weeks after discharge. Mean period of radiologic follow up was 17.3(4-6) weeks after surgical operation. In group II, mean age was 49.7(37-62) years and 18 patients one-level operation, 14- patients had undergo on two-level operation and 2-patients three-level operation. Mean duration of admission was $11.24{\pm}3.29days$, mean costs for treatment was $1,850,823{\pm}389,372won$. The periods of stabilization was $5.88{\pm}7.07weeks$ on radiologic study. Mean period of out patients follow up was 16.7(4-60) weeks after discharge. Mean period of radiologic follow up was 12.4(3-52) weeks after surgical operation. The duration of admission showed statistical significance in Group II but other items showed no significant difference between two groups. Conclusions : The more economic, early life return and effective method of cervical disc disease in our series were evident in patients who had undergone, iliac bone graft and plate fixations after anterior discectomy.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2011년도 정기총회 및 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.465-471
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• 2011

In order to make an feasibility analysis of such as rail and road transportation infrastructure, it is common to perform economic analysis. one of the most important thing is how to estimate the operation cost of freight rail because that is required during the analysis time period and sometimes that takes more cost than the construction cost. Therefore, this study is to perform the verification of freight rail operation cost which is applied to the economic analysis of railway investment analysis. for this, it is compared truck operation cost variation with freight rail operation cost, when freight volume is converted from road to railway. In conclusion the cost variation of railway part is bigger than road part so it is necessary to improve the operation cost of freight rail estimation process.

• 한국항만경제학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.21-42
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• 2004

This paper addresses the operation, problems, and development policy of Gwangyang Port, Korea. This paper aims to analyze the operation condition and problems of Gwangyang Port and suggest long-term policies for developing Gwangyang Port as a logistic hub in northeast period. It is made up of three main sections: the operation, problems, and forecast of freight volumes; analysis of operational results of Gwangyang Port; development strategies of Gwangyang Port as a Logistics Hub. This paper was mainly based on a review of current papers/reports, an analysis of secondary data, and questionnaire survey. The major development strategies identified consisted of expansion regular service sea-route, formation of inter-modal transportation system, strengthening of port sales for Gwangyang port's recognition, securing operation-profits by fixed cargo volume, and promotion of free tread zone.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.766-774
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• 1989

Four neonates with critical pulmonary outflow obstruction underwent emergency palliative operation between February 1988 and May 1989 at the department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital. There were three boys and one girl, the mean age was 12.25 days [ranging from 3 days to 26 days], and the mean body weight was 3,625 gm [ranging from 3,450 gm to 4,200 gm]. Two patients had severe pulmonic valvular stenosis with intact ventricular septum, a third had pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum, and another had pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect. All were cyanotic, showed arterial desaturation with metabolic acidosis, and had congestive heart failure. To relieve the pulmonary outflow tract obstruction, we performed transventricular pulmonary valvulotomy [Brock operation] with a mosquito clamp in all cases without extracorporeal circulation. Three patients survived the operation and showed satisfactory postoperative results. The patient who had pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect expired 5 days after surgery. We consider transventricular pulmonary valvulotomy [Brock operation] with a mosquito clamp as one of the preferable procedures for critical pulmonary outflow obstruction in the neonatal period.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제40권4호
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• pp.277-284
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• 2008

Recently, the long-term operation of a nuclear power plant beyond its licensed term has become a worldwide trend as long as the safety of the plant is maintained in the extended period. Kori Unit 1, the oldest PWR in Korea, is the foremost example of this type of long-term operation in Korea. Comprehensive technical evaluation of the long-term operation of this plant was completed to confirm the overall safety of the plant. The technical evaluation included a review of PSR results, an assessment on aging management programs and time limited aging analyses, and a statement of radiological impact on the environment. Based on all of the results of the technical evaluation activities, Kori Unit 1 was approved to operate for an additional 10 years beyond its original design life of 30 years.