• International Journal of Railway
• /
• 제9권1호
• /
• pp.10-14
• /
• 2016

Life cycle cost analysis is compulsively required for the system operation. System operation costs are consisted of acquisition, operation, maintenance and so on. In the beginning of the system planning, we need to take into account of various costs following the system operating. To implement LCC, we need to analyze system life cycle to identify all costs during system life. The costs can be divided into three parts. The first part is purchasing cost, the second for operating cost and the last for disposal cost. The second operating cost can be decomposed of operating cost included labor, energy consumption cost for system running, maintenance costs to keep systems healthy, delay cost caused from maintenance and hazard cost, and so on. In this paper, we carried out for railway locomotives which operate over more 30years and which cost about 10 million USD. We decompose the life cycle of the locomotives and break down the locomotives into subsystems to require maintenance or not, and subsystems to need energy or not. We showed how to decide optimal locomotives through cost identification and system breakdown.

• 보건행정학회지
• /
• 제8권1호
• /
• pp.1-14
• /
• 1998

Analysis of practice variations has been one of important issues in trying to contain costs as well as to manage quality in health care. This study was conducted to provide statistical model for analysing variations in inpatient costs by type of hospitals. Four K-DRGs including Cesarean section, appendectomy, cataract extraction, and pediatric pneumonia with CC class 0 were selected, and means and dispersions of inpatient procedure and operation costs were simultaneously compared between type of hospitals. The results indicated that joint modelling of means and dispersions by gamma distribution was a very useful analytic tool for identifying factors which might have relationship with variations in inpatient costs. This model can be expanded to test the significance of several independent variables in analysing cost variations. In surgical conditions, means and unit variations of procedure and operation costs showed consistent pattern which was tertiarty hospital, general hospital, and hospital in descending order. Different findings were identified in pediatric pneumonia, from which mean and unit variation of procedure and operation cost was the highest in general hospital. The practical implication of this difference could not be drawn from this study. It will be done by further sophisticated researches. In order to develop health policy for cost containment and quality management in Korea, it is essential to find out manageable factors affecting variations in practice patterns which include characteristics of population, providers, regions, and so on. The statistical model presented in this study will give health services researchers useful insights for future investigations in analysing cost variations.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.2215-2222
• /
• 2010

Advanced EMU have been enhanced in terms of safe transport and maintainability. It is a new urban railway technology that enables an operation institution to cut repair and maintenance costs and customers to use convenient service at lower costs based on IT technology. If a development vehicle of Advanced EMU is completed, it will be used to test the entire advanced EMU system through sufficient performance check and reliability check prior to operation in commercial line. It will also verify efficiency, safety, punctuality and energy efficiency of transport. Accordingly, it is necessary to figure how to repair and maintain vehicles to enhance safety of Advanced EMU system in cooperation with operation during the period of comprehensive evaluation on the operation of a development vehicle in a test line. In this paper, we investigated the maintenance program of Advanced EMU on test operation in Dabul line. The test condition and operation environment of Advanced EMU in Daebul line was analyzed.

• KIEAE Journal
• /
• 제17권2호
• /
• pp.35-43
• /
• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of service (landfill) costs (hereinafter, the "landfill costs") applied to the dissolution promotion committee and analyze the characteristics of landfill costs at the time where the dissolution of promotion body is increasing with the authority of the head of local government regarding the territory difficult with the continuous promotion by delaying or suspending the project for a prolonged period or suspending the project through the dissolution of the project body by the promotion committee and cooperative union since the flawless promotion of the maintenance project. Method: After revising the law in February 2012, the survey and analysis is made for the status of applying landfill costs and maintenance project scale of the dissolution promotion committee not confirmed in details around a total of 20 regions, including, 9 regions of redevelopment projects completed with the advance review, 7 regions of re-construction projects and 4 regions of urban environment maintenance projects from the total of 59 regions, Result: The influence on the landfill costs is shown to be greatest in the service expenses and management and supervision on this field has significance for the maintenance project perceived as private project, rather than public project, that the public management is neglected with insufficient presentation of operation criteria and so forth that it displays the tendency to lead to the discrete operation of the project body. In order to enhance the transparency of operating costs for the projects that are led by private capital, it is required to strengthen the role of public sector through enthusiastic intervention by the public sector in standardization of operation criteria, presentation of guideline and so forth.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제29권5호
• /
• pp.421-429
• /
• 2005

선사가 운영하는 노선에서 최적선형의 선박을 결정하는 것은 선사가 해운시장에서의 경쟁력을 가지는데 매우 중요한 요소라 할 수 있다. 해운시장이 가지고 있는 이러한 특성 아래 경쟁관계에 있는 여러 선사들과 연구자들은 최적의 선형을 도출하기 위하여 많은 연구를 해왔었다. 본 연구는 선사들이 주요노선 상에 운영하고 있는 선형들에 대한 총 비용 분석을 통하여 노선별 최적의 선형을 도출하는데 그 목적이 있다. 총 비용을 산출하기 위하여 투입되는 비용변수들은 자본비용, 운영비용, 항해비용, 항만비용 및 기타비용이 포함되며, 대상이 되는 주요노선은 '유럽-극동 노선', '극동-북미 노선', '유럽-극동-북미 노선'으로 구분된다. 분석 결과 '유럽-극동 노선' 및 '유럽-극동-북미 노선'의 경우 6,500TEU급 선형이 최적으로 나타났으며, '극동-북미 노선'의 경우 8,200TEU급 선형이 최적으로 나타났다.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.1064-1072
• /
• 2017

The power of controlled generators in microgrids randomly fluctuate because of the stochastic volatility of the outputs of photovoltaic systems and wind turbines as well as the load demands. To address and dispatch these stochastic factors for daily operations, a dynamic economic dispatch model with the goal of minimizing the generation cost is established via chance-constrained programming. A Monte Carlo simulation combined with particle swarm optimization algorithm is employed to optimize the model. The simulation results show that both the objective function and constraint condition have been tightened and that the operation costs have increased. A higher stability of the system corresponds to the higher operation costs of controlled generators. These operation costs also increase along with the confidence levels for the objective function and constraints.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국철도학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.899-904
• /
• 2007

Improvement projects has been progressed for railway electrification and double track line in the conventional line as well as high speed line for the high speed and large transportation capability of railway. Especially, many variable operation plans are possible such as interaction between high speed line and conventional line and operation of tilting train due to the electrification of the conventional line. Railway electrification is more energy efficient and environmentally-friendly, but it has some problems such as an enormous initial construction and maintenance costs and electrical accidents. Therefore, the more intensive research will be progressed about railway electrification effectiveness for the continuous electrification project. So, we analyzed railway electrification effectiveness about the energy side using annual operation data of electric car and diesel car. The energy side was divided into energy costs and national energy consumption for analyzing electrification effectiveness about entire line and specific line. We verified advantage of energy costs and national energy consumption in this paper and this result will contribute to the progress of the continuous electrification project and the more efficient operation ways in electrification line

• 디지털산업정보학회논문지
• /
• 제12권3호
• /
• pp.299-309
• /
• 2016

This study proposed a logistics plan for sending supply to be distributed to areas other than producing areas to wholesalers and allocating supply to be distributed to areas near producing areas to local distribution center in the vicinity instead of shipping the entire quantity to wholesalers for fruits auction to increase the competitive edge of the domestic fruits and vegetables logistics market in the ear of infinite competition. A video auction-based short distance division logistics operation model was developed to enhance competitiveness related to the circulation of fruits and vegetables, reduce logistics costs, and rationalize logistics by distributing the items sent to wholesalers through field auction and the shipments at local distribution center to neighboring areas through video auction connected to wholesalers real-time. The study especially came up with a logistics rationalization plan by examining and analyzing the stages and costs of transportation between producing areas and wholesalers on the circulation routes of fruits.

• 한국철도학회논문집
• /
• 제10권3호
• /
• pp.327-336
• /
• 2007

Operation a subway company requires high amount of early construction, operation and maintenance costs. Seoul Metro, one of the public subway companies in Seoul, Korea, has undergone operational deficit from its establishment, and the main reason is that the early construction and operation cost exceed the total revenue. Therefore, detailed researches on current operation system and possible alternatives are conducted to settle down finance trouble of the company. In particular, problems on operation and ticketing systems are analyzed, and based on that, necessity and detailed plan of railroad pass for one day are introduced and analyzed.

• 한국건설관리학회논문집
• /
• 제4권4호
• /
• pp.69-79
• /
• 2003

국내 부동산 건설기업 중 2001년 말 현재 등록된 업체 중 약 93$\%$가 5억원 이하(적자 기업 포함)의 당기순이 익을 나타내고 있는 실정이다. 과거 10여년간의 매출원가 율과 매출원가 구성비율을 분석한 결과 매출원가 구성비에 큰 변화가 있었음을 발견하였다. 재료비, 노무비는 점차 감소하였고 외주가공비는 크게 증가하였다. 원가통제의 기본이 되는 활동점을 찾기 위해 공종별 신활동기준 원가관리를 모색하였다 부동산 건설업의 특징이 수주금액(판매금액)이 확정되어 있고 원가사용에 따라 이익 규모가 달라진다. 확정된 수주금액에서 최대의 이익을 창출하고, 새로운 원가관리 방법을 찾아 지속적인 경영혁신을 이루어야 할 시점이다. 공종별 신활동기준 원가관리는 부동산 건설업의 생존경영을 위한 관리혁신으로 생각된다. 실행예산과 경영원가 통제는 같은 대상을 놓고 서로 다른 관점에서 일정과 비용을 통제한다. 실행예산은 구체적인 활동 중심으로 집행되고, 경영원가는 지출내역인 재료비, 노무비, 외주비, 경비의 형태로 통제된다. 공종별 신활동기준 원가관리 방법을 이용하여 실행하기 위해서는 우선 활동의 동인이 무엇인가? 그 활동이 얼마만큼의 부가가치 창출을 하는지 사전에 분석되어 실행해야 한다. 부동산 건설업의 공종별 신활동기준 원가관리 기법은 부동산 건설업의 생존경영에 꼭 필요한 원가 관리 방법으로 지속적인 연구가 필요하다고 생각된다.