• Journal of the Korean School Mathematics Society
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.325-344
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• 2017

Since PISA2006, the computer based assessment in mathematics(CBAM) was introduced for the first times and at last PISA2015 used all items in CBAM for problem solving. In this study, we focused on which important properties were considered in constructing geometric 'fence items' used in PISA 2015 to find the future direction over our teacher education, especially for constructing 'computer based assessment items.' For the purpose of the study, we analyzed the fence items on three components such as dependency, invariant, and path found in dragging activities, within a computer environment using the dynamic Geometry Software, GSP. Also, for the future, we provided an open-ended problem related to the fence items, which we could use as the merit of computer-based environment.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Library and Information Science
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.245-269
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• 2016

In this study, we develop a categorization of citizens' information problems in their everyday life based on the characteristics in their information seeking behavior for developing information services which support to solve the problems practically. First of all, we extracted keywords related to their faced everyday life problems from the scripts of open-ended interviews with citizens who had diverse characteristics. The keywords were categorized into 6 groups, such as hobby/recreation, legal problems, current affairs, education, health, and economic matters, based on the characteristics in related information seeking behaviors. Then the 6-group categorization was tested statistically with questionnaire survey data based on their prefered information sources. Through the statistical test, the 6-group categorization has proved being valid. Based on the results, we suggested to reconsider the current information services in public libraries, and discussed a possibility to shift the services to problem-based information services.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.433-456
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to suggest the directions for the development and improvement of mathematics textbooks in Korea by examining these characteristics of German textbooks. As a result, German mathematics textbooks were free for unit order and names of units. German mathematics textbooks defined a function for various real life and natural phenomena, relation after intuitively knowing the correspondence between two variables through a graph. In addition, it exercises interpreting the characteristics and information of the graph, guides the activity of graphing various functional situations, and contents to convert various expression methods such as graphs, tables, relational expressions, mathematical terms and sentences. In the German mathematics textbooks, mathematical expressions of the functional relations of the materials in various contexts of daily life, and the activities of predicting and predicting the future, were made to feel the usefulness of mathematics. It has raised functional thinking and provided problems related to other subjects, thus enhancing connectivity with other disciplines. It also included open issues and issues that required mathematical communication.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.351-361
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• 2003

Purpose: The purposes of this study were to understand the types of coping strategies that family caregivers experience during the process of caring demented elderly: to grasp the coping strategies used for resolving this problem: and to develop a substantive theory by analyzing the coping types of the family caregivers of demented elderly. Method: The methodology of data collection and analysis used in this study was grounded theory proposed by Strauss and Corbin (1990). The data was collected through in-depth interviews with participants using open-ended and descriptive questions about their coping experiences. All data were were audio-taped and transcribed. The data were collected from February, 2000 to February, 2001. The participants of this study were 17 women. Results: Caregiver's coping types varied according to 'family's support', 'the condition of caregiver's health', 'the relationship with dementia elderly', 'family perception of dementia', 'fixed idea of traditional female role' and 'economic state'. In this study, five types of coping strategies were emerged: active role allotment tyle, meaning grant tyle, devotion tyle, duty defense type, and pessimism type. Among these, those who belong to the types of active role allotment, meaning grant, and devotion, including caregiver's good health were found to adapt themselves to caregiver roles. Conclusion: The results of this study may be helpful for developing effective and individualized nursing strategies suitable for individual caregivers coping types. It is suggested to practice nursing mediation and to analyze the changes in nursing effect and family members' adaptation based on coping types of the well-adapted caregivers as we as on their affirmative coping strategy.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2018

The goal of this study is to analyze and understand invention classes, student's experiences, and motivation to suggest a future direction for K-12 Maker Education in Makerspace. We collected qualitative data using open-ended survey from 100 Invention class students. Through data analysis, we could explore perceptions of students about their inventions and meaningful experiences when they used technologies for enhancing their idea and problem finding ability using interpretive approach. We found that the main themes are (1) Perception and motivation to join in the invention class courses, (2) Perception and the normal method of obtaining the idea on invention, (3) Finding new technology for enhancing of knowledge for the invention, and (4) Relevance of the learning experience and invention activities in Makerspace. As a result of this study, we found that the educational programs using technologies should focus on supporting implement of prototypes instead of helping students create their own ideas in Makerspace.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.59 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2015

The purpose of this study was to examine changes in student writings of claim and evidence after group and class discussions; changes in students' critical thinking; and students' perceptions on an argument-based claim and evidence writing approach. Seventy two grade 11 students from two classes of a high school located in Seoul participated in ten chemistry activities using the argument-based claim and evidence writing approach. Claim scores for 9 topics and evidence scores for 10 topics significantly improved after group discussion. There were also statistically significant differences in claim scores for 7 topics and evidence scores for 10 topics after class discussion. Participant students responded to an open-ended survey that group discussion helped them to figure out the problem context and class discussion guided them to provide with more sufficient evidence. There were also statistically significant increases in sub-scores of the Cornell Critical Thinking Test after the intervention.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.191-197
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• 2014

Background: Disabling fatigue is common in the working age population. It is essential that occupational health (OH) professionals are up-to-date with the management of fatigue in order to reduce the impact of fatigue on workplace productivity. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of one-day workshops on OH professionals' knowledge of fatigue and chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS), and their confidence in diagnosing and managing these in a working population. Methods: Five interactive problem-based workshops were held in the United Kingdom. These workshops were developed and delivered by experts in the field. Questionnaires were self-administered immediately prior to, immediately after, and 4 months following each workshop. Questionnaires included measures of satisfaction, knowledge of fatigue and CFS, and confidence in diagnosing and managing fatigue. Open-ended questions were used to elicit feedback about the workshops. Results: General knowledge of fatigue increased significantly after training (with a 25% increase in the median score). Participants showed significantly higher levels of confidence in diagnosing and managing CFS (with a 62.5% increase in the median score), and high scores were maintained 4 months after the workshops. OH physicians scored higher on knowledge and confidence than nurses. Similarly, thematic analysis revealed that participants had increased knowledge and confidence after attending the workshops. Conclusion: Fatigue can lead to severe functional impairment with adverse workplace outcomes. One-day workshops can be effective in training OH professionals in how to diagnose and manage fatigue and CFS. Training may increase general knowledge of fatigue and confidence in fatigue management in an OH setting.

• Journal of Engineering Education Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.56-65
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• 2018

With rapid advance of technologies including information and communication technologies, jobs are evolving faster than ever. Architectural engineering is no exception in this regard, and the green architectural engineering is emerging fast as a promising new field. In this study, a Delphi study of expert architectural engineers are conducted to find out (1) near future prospects of the field, (2) near future emerging jobs, (3) competencies needed for these jobs, and (4) educational content necessary to build these competencies with regards to the green architectural engineering. Initial Delphi survey consisting of open-ended questions in the above four areas were conducted and came out with 65 items after duplicate removal and semantic refinements. Further refinements via second and third wave of Delphi results into 40 items that the 13 architectural engineering experts may largely agree upon as future prospects with regards to the green architectural engineering. Findings indicate that it is expected that the demand for green architectural engineering and needs for automatic energy control system increase. Also, collaborations with other fields is becoming more and more important in green architectural engineering. The professional work management skills such as knowledge convergence, problem solving, collaboration skills, and creativity linking components from various related areas seem to also be on the increasing need. Near future ready critical skills are found to be the building environment control techniques (thermal, light, sound, and air), the data processing techniques like data mining, energy monitoring, and the control and utilization of environmental analysis software. Experts also agree on new curriculum for green building architecture to be developed with more of converging subjects across disciplines for future ready professional skills and experiences. Major topics to be covered in the near future includes building environment studies, building energy management, energy reduction systems, indoor air quality, global environment and natural phenomena, and machinery and electrical facility. Architectural engineering community should be concerned with building up the competencies identified in this Delphi preparing for fast advancing future.

• Women's Health Nursing
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• v.8 no.3
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• pp.325-334
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• 2002

To identify strategies to prevent sexual problems in teenage girls, respondents in this study answered two open-ended questions: "What are strategies for teenage school girls to prevent unwanted coitus?" and "What are strategies for teenage girls to prevent pregnancy?" The respondents were 12,733 girls from an accessible population of 19,000, a multi-stage cluster sample from a population of 1,988,902 girls attending 4,684 schools in the seven largest cities and nine provinces in Korea. Data were collected by mail between October 2 and October 28, 2000. The response rate was 68.9%. The total number of responses for the first question was 10,345, and for the second, 9,624. Data were analyzed by content analysis. The results of this study are: 1. According to priority, frequent strategies to prevent unwanted coitus were, self assertiveness (35.7%), heterosexual interaction training (24.6%), sex education (21.2%), and innovations in the system of social culture (4.7%). The order of priority was the same whether the respondents had experienced coitus or not. 2. According to priority, frequent strategies to prevent pregnancy were, heterosexual interaction training (27.4%), sex education (26.2%), contraceptive use and induced abortion (21.4%), and innovations in the system of social culture (3.2%). The first priority for the respondents who had not experienced coitus was heterosexual interaction training (27.7%) but contraceptive use (35.5%) was the first priority for the group who had experienced coitus. In sex education, a focus on contraceptive use for teenage girls who have experienced coitus and on heterosexual interaction training for those who have not, would strengthen preventive strategies for these two sexual problems. Assertiveness training as part of sex education would further strengthen prevention strategies.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.237-388
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• 1992

This study was done to identify the degree of congruence between nurses and patients on patients' health problems. The purposes of this study were 1. To compare the health problems of parturient women as identified by interview and in the nursing record. 2. To compare the health problems of patients who have had gynecological surgery as identified by interview and in the nursing record. 3. To compare the health problems of chemotherapy patients as identified by interview and in the nursing record. The design of this study was a comparative descriptive design. The subjects were 205 Obstetric-Gynecologic patients. The tool for this study was an 11 item questionnaire, including one open ended question on the patient's problem during the past one day. Data was collected through interviews and an audit of the nursing records during the period from March 22, 1992 to April 29, 1992. Data was analyzed using by frequencies and percentiles. The result of this study were summarized as follows : Pain was the most prevalent complaint for parturient women by interview(60.3% ) and from the nursing records(83.2%). There was no record in the nursing records about the complaints of lack of information and emotional problems even though there were complaints of communication problems (17.6%) and of emotional problems(3.5%) identified in the interviews but there were more records of cardiopulmonary problems in nurses record(9.1%) than the patient interviews (3.3%). In the nursing records 25.9% of the identified records identified pain problems compared with 23.3% in the interviews. In the nursing records, 22.3% of the records identified nutrition problem as compared with 18.2% in the interview. There were only a very few emotional problem identified in the nursing records (3.7%) as compared to 18.2% in the interviews. There were no comments about communication problems in the nursing records but 5.2% of the subjects mentioned of communication problems in the patient interview. There were problems in five categories for the parturient women ; comfort, communication, activity and rest, elimination, emotions, and there were problems in ten categories for the surgery patients : comfort, elimination, communication, emotions, nutrition, cardiopulmonary, thermoregulation, physical integrity, host defense and activity /rest. There were also problems in the same ten categories for chemotherapy Patients. On the other hand, in the nursing records, only comfort activity /rest, and elimination problems were identified for the parturient women, there were only seven categories of problems : comfort, elimination, cardiopulmonary, activity /rest, and nutrition for the gynecology surgical patients, and for the chemotherapy Patients, comfort, nutrition, physical integrity, cardiopulmonary, activity /rest, thermoregulation, emotion and elimination were the categories identified, and no communication problems were identified. It was found that there was low congruence between the patients' problems as identified through patient interview and as recorded in the nursing records. Therefore it can be concluded that the main content of the nursing records is the physical problems of the patients and this is not in congruence with the patients' reported problems in the emotional and communication domain.