• 대한소아치과학회지
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• 제28권2호
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• pp.323-328
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• 2001

전치부 개교합은 상 하악 전치부가 폐구 시 절단 기능에 필수적인 수직피개가 결여되어 있는 상태를 말한다. 일반적인 원인으로는 손가락 빨기, 혀 내밀기, 유아성 연하, 비호흡 부전, 골격성장의 이상 또는 이들이 복합적으로 작용되어 나타날 수 있으며, 어떤 종류의 부정교합과도 함께 나타날 수 있다. 전치부 개교합을 위한 치료 방법은 다양하지만, Rolf Fr$\"{a}$nkel에 의해 고안된 Fr$\"{a}$nkel appliance(FR-4)는 골격성 I급 혹은 II급 부정교합과 함께 나타난 개교합의 치료에 특히 효과적인 것으로 알려져 있다. 서양인에서는 골격성 II급 부정교합이 높은 빈도로 나타나고, 개교합도 이와 함께 나타나는 경우가 많다. 그러나 동양인에서는 골격성 III급 부정교합의 빈도가 높고, 개교합 또한 이와 같은 골격형태와 함께 나타나는 경우가 흔히 있다. 이러한 문제점을 갖는 환자에 있어서 전통적인 FR-4의 사용이 개교합의 교정에 도움이 되었을지라도, 골격성 III급 부정교합을 악화시키는 것으로 나타났다. 두 가지 문제점을 동시에 교정하기 위하여, labial bow를 하악 전치부에, labial pads를 상악 전치부에 위치시킨 modified FR-4를 고안하게 되었다. 다음의 임상례는 전치부 개교합을 동반한 골격성 III급 부정교합을 보이는 환자를 대상으로, 전통적인 FR-4와 modified FR-4를 이용하여 치료한 결과를 비교한 것이다. 첫 번째 임상례는 전통적인 FR-4를 사용한 경우로서, 전치부 개교합은 개선되었으나 골격성 III급 부정교합의 형태가 심해졌다. 그러나 두 번째와 세 번째 임상례에서는 modified FR-4를 사용한 결과, 전치부 개교합과 III급 부정교합이 동시에 개선된 것으로 나타났다.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제41권
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• pp.17.1-17.5
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• 2019

Background: Class II malocclusion patients with hyperdivergent facial types are characterized by short mandibular body lengths and anterior open bite. Accordingly, the treatment for hyperdivergent skeletal class II malocclusion is a lengthening of the mandibular body length and a counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. To prevent post-operative relapse, botulinum toxin-A (BTX-A) injection can be a retention modality. Case presentation: A class II open-bite patient received BTX-A injection to the anterior belly of her digastric muscle for the prevention of post-operative relapse. The relapse was evaluated via a clinical examination and a lateral cephalometric radiograph after the completion of post-surgical orthodontic treatment. The patient showed stable occlusion without any signs of relapse at 15 months post-operatively. Conclusion: In this case presentation, a single injection into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle was sufficient for the prevention of post-operative open bite.

• 대한치과의사협회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.63-66
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• 1971

The authors studied the open bite of 100 Korean adults of both sexes with normal occlusion aged 20~23 using profile cephalometric roentgenogram. 1. This study was summarized in the form of tables, mean, standard deviation, minimum and maximum for 18 angular measurements. 2. For the clinical application of this research standard deviation chart for the 12 angles suitable to the study of open bite.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제41권3호
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• pp.165-167
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• 2015

It has recently been reported that long-standing post-traumatic open bite can be successfully corrected with botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) injection into the anterior belly of the digastric muscle (ABDM). The report documented an individual with bilaterally symmetrical and otherwise unremarkable anterior digastric musculature. However, the existence of variant anterior digastric musculature is common and may complicate the management of anterior open bite with BTX-A injection. Screening for variant ABDM can be accomplished via ultrasound, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. Screening for variant ABDM should be performed prior to BTX-A injection in order to account for musculature that may exert undesired forces, such as inferolateral deviation, on the anterior mandible in patients with anterior open bite.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• 제31권5호
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• pp.422-426
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• 2005

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the vertical stability after BSSRO surgery in skeletal class III malocclusion patients with mild anterior open bite and to present a method to increase the stability. Materials and methods : 36 patients, 11 male and 25 female, who received BSSRO surgery with the diagnosis of skeletal class III with anterior open bite at the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery in Samsung Medical Center, from January 2002 to August 2003, were selected for this study. The patients were between 18 to 45 years of age. Preoperative and postoperative (immediate, 6 months, and 1 year after operation) lateral cephalograms were compared to evaluate the vertical stability by measuring the distance of nasion-menton, mandibular plane angle, and overbite. Results : The nasion-menton distance decreased by 1.65mm immediately after the operation in comparison to the preoperative value. This distance further decreased by 0.60 mm at 6 months and 1.06mm at 1 year after the operation. The mandibular plane angle increased after the operation and further increased at 6 months and 1 year. The amount of overbite increased by the operation was 2.34mm and an additional increase of 0.70mm at 6 months and 0.94mm at 1 year were shown. Conclusion : Clinically, none of the patients showed relapse of anterior open bite and the vertical stability is highly influenced by orthodontic treatment after the operation. In this study, BSSRO surgery is considered to be a rather reliable procedure that restores stability to skeletal class III malocclusion patients with slight anterior open bite.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.203-216
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• 2014

The purpose of the current report is to present 6-year long-term stability and 10-year follow-up data for an adult patient who was treated with a tongue elevator for relapsed anterior open-bite. The 19-year-old male patient presented with the chief complaint of difficulty in chewing his food. Collectively, clinical and radiographic examinations revealed an anterior open-bite, low tongue posture, and tongue-tie. The patient opted for orthodontic treatment alone, without any surgical procedure. A lingual frenectomy was recommended to avoid the risk of relapse, but the patient declined because he was not experiencing tongue discomfort. Initial treatment of the anterior open-bite with molar intrusion and tongue exercises was successful, but relapse occurred during the retention period. A tongue elevator was used for retreatment, because the approach was minimally invasive and suited the patient's requirements regarding discomfort, cost, and time. The appliance changed the tongue posture and generated an altered tongue force, which ultimately resulted in intrusive dentoalveolar effects, and a subsequent counterclockwise rotation of the mandible. The results showed long-term stability and were maintained for six years through continual use of the tongue elevator. The results of this case indicated that a tongue elevator could be used not only as an alternative treatment for open-bite, but also as an active retainer.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.175-185
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• 1995

이 연구는 정상 교합자와 개방교합자 사이에, 측모두부방사선계측사진 분석을 하고, 이설근과 구륜근의 활성도를 비교하여 근활성도와 골격의 형태간에 상호 상관 관계를 알고자 하였다. 연구 대상으로는 전신건강 상태가 양호하고, 교정치료 경험이 없으며, 악관절 장애가 없는 Angle I급 교합관계를 가진 20명의 정상교합자와 overbile가 -0.5에서 -6mm인 19명의 개방교합자를 선정하였으며 각 대상에서 측모두부방사선계측사진을 촬영하여, 20가지 항목을 계측하고, 안정위, 연하시, 개구시, 등장성 혀 내밀기, 최대 혀 내밀기때의 이설근과 구륜근의 근활성도를 관찰하고. 근활성도와 골격의 형태간에 상관관계를 알고자 하였다. 이 연구로부터 얻어진 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 안정위를 제외하고, 이설근의 근활성도는 개방교합자에서 정상교합자보다 유의성있게 높았다. 2. 연하시를 제외하고, 구륜근의 근활성도는 개방교합자에서 정상교합자보다 유의성있게 높았다. 3. 최대 혀 내밀기에서 개방교합자의 이설근이 가장 높은 근활성도를 보였다. 4. 골격형태와 이설근과 구륜근의 상관관계가 정상교합군에서는 적고, 개방교합군에서는 더 많은 항목에서 유의성있는 상관관계가 있었다.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.455-474
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• 1993

Degenerative joint disease(DJD) has hun known as one of the diseases which affect the middleor old-aged people. But as orthodontists are getting interested in the adult orthodontics, it is not rare for them to meet the open-bite patients with the TMJ DJD in their clinics. The purpose of this article is to investigate the cephalometric characteristics of the open-bite cases with TMJ DJD. Twelve TMJ DJD patients($15.1\~39.5$ years old) were selected from the patients who visited Department of Orthodontics, Seoul National University Hospital. Cephalograms were taken and means from 60 measurements were compared by t-test with those of the fifty four healthy adults($20.0\~26.7$ years old) who have normal occlusion and TMJ. In this study male and female are compared respectively, for in the normal samples 26 measurements showed significant differences between the male and the female. The results and conclusions axe as follows: 1 In DJD group, ANB and Angle of convexity decreased, which means the retruding of the mandible. The interincisal angle was smaller than that of the normal group. The means of the overbite were -2.1mm in male and -3.0mm in female, and the means of the overjet were 5.6mm in male and 6.7mm in female. The profile was similar to that of Angle's Class II div.1 open-bite. 2. SN-GoMe and FMA increased in DJD but SN-PP and FH-PP did not show any significant difference. In TMJ DJD open-bite cases, the bony structure lower than the palatal plane seemed to play an important role in developing open-bite. 3. In DJD group, PH-ArGo, SArGo and Y-sxis angle increased significantly, but genial angle showed no significant difference. The means of hか were 50.1mm in male and 40.2mm in female, which were significantly smaller than those of the normal(56.5mm in male, 50.9mm in female). These findings seemed to indicate the posterior rotation of mandible resulted from the shortening of the ramus height. 4. Anterior faical height(AFH), upper anterior facial height(UAFH) and lower anterior facial height (LAEH) of DJD showed no significant increase as compared with those of the noraml group. There was no significant difference in the ratio of upper anterior facial height to lower anterior facial height(UAFH/LAFH). But, lower posterior facial height(LPFH) was significantly smaller than that of the normal group. 5. It was thought that the peculiar profile of the TMJ DJD open-bite was resulted from the posterior rotation of mandible as the ramus became short following the degerative destruction of of the condylar head and neck.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제47권3호
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• pp.157-164
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• 2017

Purpose: This study determined and compared the distances from the maxillary root apices of posterior teeth to the floor of the maxillary sinus, or maxillary sinus distances(MSDs), and the distances from the mandibular root apices of the posterior teeth to the mandibular canal, or mandibular canal distances(MCDs), in Thai subjects with skeletal open bite and skeletal normal bite. Materials and Methods: Pretreatment cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were obtained from 30 Thai orthodontic patients (15 patients with skeletal normal bite and 15 with skeletal open bite) whose ages ranged from 14 to 28 years. The CBCT images of the patients were processed and measured using the Romexis Viewer program. The MSDs and MCDs from the root apices of the maxillary and mandibular second premolar, first molar, and second molar to the maxillary sinus floor or the mandibular canal were measured perpendicularly to the occlusal plane. The Student t test was used for comparisons between the 2 groups. Results: The greatest mean MSDs were from the root apex of the second premolars in both groups, whereas the least mean MSDs were from the mesiobuccal root apex of the second molars. The greatest mean MCDs were from the mesial root apex of the first molars, whereas the least mean MCDs were from the distal root apex of the second molars. Conclusion: There were no differences in the mean MSDs or the mean MCDs between the skeletal normal bite group and the skeletal open bite group.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• 제15권3호
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• pp.229-237
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• 1993

자자는 1991년 2월부터 1993년 2월까지 경북대학교병원 구강악안면외과에 하악전돌 및 개구교합을 주소로 내원하여 하악골 시상골절단술을 이용하여 악교정 수술을 받은 환자중 추적 조사가 가능했던 9명의 개구교합을 동반한 하악 전돌증 환자와 개구교합이 없는 하악 전돌증 환자 9명, 총 18명을 대상으로 두부 상사선 규격사진을 이용한 술후 재발에 관한 연구를 시행하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 비개구교합군에 비해 개구교합군에서 술전 전안면고경, 하악 하연 평면각 및 하악 우각부 값이 더 크게 나타났으나 유의성은 없었다.(p>0.05) 2. 개구교합군에서 수술시 SNB 값과 하악 하연 길이의 변화량이 하악의 재발과 통계적으로 유의한 상관 관계가 있었다.(p.<0.01) 3. 개구교합군에서 전안면고경은 술후 비교적 안정되어 있었다. 4. 개구교합군과 비개구교합군에서 수술에 의한 하악 하연 평면각의 변화와 하악의 수평 이동량은 재발과 상관 관계가 없었다.(p>0.01) 5.개구교합을 가진3급 부정교합 환자에서 하악골 시상골 절단술을 시행시 본 연구에서는 수직적 재발보다는 수평적 재발에 문제가 있었다.