• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.93-100
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• 2001

One-year-old cottonwood (Populus deltoides Bartr.) clones, which were classified as sensitive or tolerant, were exposed to 150 n1/1 ozone (O$_3$) over 8 days for 8 hours each day under glass chamber conditions with natural sunlight. The leaves of the sensitive clone had black stipple and bifacial necrosis after $O_3$ treatment. Photosynthesis and stomatal conductance were measured before, during, and after the $O_3$ treatment. The photosynthetic rates due to $O_3$ treatment were decreased 51 percent and 34 percent on the sensitive and tolerant clone, respectively. The stomatal conductance of the sensitive clone was more than 40 percent higher than that of the tolerant clone regardless of the $O_3$ treatment. As light intensity increased, the $O_3$ effect on photosynthesis was clear. Compared to the previous growth chamber studies, our natural light exposure system was able to maintain a stable photosynthetic responses of the control treatment throughout the fumigation period. In addition, changes in assimilation versus intercellular $CO_2$ concentration (A/C curves) showed that $O_3$ decreased the slope and asymptote of the curves for the sensitive clone. This indicates that $O_3$ decreases the biochemical capacity of photosynthesis on the sensitive clone. Chlorophyll contents and fluorescence of the two clones were analyzed to examine the $O_3$ effects on photosystem 11, but $O_3$ did not impact these variables on either clone. Although the tolerant clone did not show any foliar injury, we could not find any ecophysiological defensive responses to $O_3$ treated. Stomatal conductance of the tolerant clone was originally much lower than that of the sensitive one. Thus, the mechanisms of the tolerant clone in this system are to narrowly open stomata and efficiently maintain photosynthesis with a more durable biochemical apparatus of photosynthesis under $O_3$ stress. The sensitive clone has higher photosynthetic capacity and more efficient light reaction activity than the tolerant one under charcoal filtered condition, but is not as resilient under stress.

• 한국지리정보학회지
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.54-67
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• 2013

본 연구는 근대 대구시를 대상으로 가시권분석과 토지이용현황을 분석하고 GIS를 활용하여 이를 중첩시킴과 동시에 3D 시뮬레이션으로 투시도를 작성하여 근대 대구시의 조망경관 특성을 분석하였다. 근대 대구시의 경관특성은, 가시권역에 포함된 토지이용에서 산림의 비율이 매우 높다는 점이다. 특히, 서쪽의 와룡산, 북쪽의 함지산 및 학봉, 남쪽의 앞산 등 높은 산지와 더불어 서부침식저지와 동부구릉지 및 침식저지에 형성된 산림이 낮은 구릉지 형태로 존재하고 있어서 어디에서나 산림이 조망 가능하며, 시점 주변에 농지가 분포하고 있어서 시점에서 주위 산을 조망할 때, 시야 확보가 가능하고 농지-산림으로 이어지는 자연환경 요소에 의해 연속적인 조망경관이 형성되었다. 또한, 주요 조망대상은 조사구역의 경계를 형성하고 있는 산지이며, 성내에서 경계를 형성하고 있는 산지까지의 내부공간에는 주변지역보다 표고가 높고 산림으로 구성된 조망대상이 위치하고 있어서 성내를 중심으로 서쪽, 남쪽, 북쪽 방향으로 이중구조를 지니고 있으며, 이로 인하여 중첩경관(重疊景觀)이 형성되어 있다.

• 환경영향평가
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.89-102
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• 2016

담양하천습지는 영산강 본류에 위치하는 하천습지로서 2004년 습지보호지역으로 지정되었다. 이번 연구에서는 총 30개의 식생자료가 획득되었으며, 총 101종(미동정종 1종)을 포함하는 22개의 식생유형이 구분되었다. 현존식생도는 6개의 범례(하천림, 대상식생, 터주식생, 연안대식생, 습생초원, 개방수역)로 구분되었으며, 습지식생의 면적은 약 35%($386,841.86m^2$)를 차지하였다. 본 연구 결과 담양하천습지에 분포하는 식물사회는 보호지역 상단에 설치된 물막이보와 상부 유역에 운영 중인 담양댐 등으로 인해 급격한 수환경 변화로 형성된 것으로 유추되었다. 고수부지는 최근까지 경작이 진행되었으나 보호지역 지정 이후 방치됨으로써 현재와 같은 하천변 휴경작지의 식생경관이 형성되었다. 조사지역 내 환경부 지정생태계 교란 야생식물인 털물참피가 우점하는 군락이 넓게 발달하고 있으며, 국내 미기재된 새로운 귀화식물군락인 앵무새깃군락이 관찰되었다. 이들 식물군락들은 나도겨풀군락이 발달하는 환경과 중복되어 그 밖의 유사한 생태적 지위를 가지는 고유식물군락의 서식처를 점유하게 될 것이다. 담양하천습지의 다양한 식물사회들은 인공 시설물 등에 의한 하천환경 변화 및 교란, 훼손에 기인한 것으로 이해된다.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.571-578
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• 2013

본 연구는 도시의 주요 상록 조경수종인 소나무와 잣나무를 대상으로, 직접수확법을 통해 탄소저장 및 흡수를 용이하게 추정하는 회귀모델을 제시하고 도시수목의 탄소저감 효과를 계량화하는데 필요한 기반정보를 구축하였다. 수종별로 유목에서 성목에 이르는 일정 간격의 흉고직경 크기를 고려하여 개방 생장하는 조경수목을 구입한 후, 근굴취를 포함하는 직접수확법에 의해 개체당 부위별 및 전체 생체량을 측정하고 탄소저장량을 산출하였다. 또한, 흉고 부위의 수간원판을 채취하여 직경생장을 분석하고 탄소흡수량을 산정하였다. 흉고직경을 독립변수로 생장에 따른 수종별 단목의 탄소저장 및 흡수를 계량화하는 활용 용이한 회귀모델을 유도하였다. 이들 회귀식의 $r^2$는 0.98 이상으로서 적합도가 상당히 높았다. 동일 직경의 탄소저장 및 흡수량은 유목의 경우 소나무가 잣나무보다 더 많았으나, 20cm 이상 성목의 경우 생장량 차이에 기인하여 그 반대인 경향을 보였다. 흉고직경 25cm인 소나무와 잣나무는 각각 115.6kg, 130.0kg의 탄소를 저장하고, 연간 9.4kg, 14.6kg의 탄소를 흡수하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 조경수목의 직접 벌목 및 근굴취의 난이성에 기인하여, 생체량 확장계수, 지하부/지상부 비율, 직경생장 등 산림수목의 계수를 대용하여 대상수종의 탄소저감을 계량화한 기존 연구의 한계성을 극복할 새로운 초석을 마련하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.86-98
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• 1996

This study is intended to revaluate old tree, five of the shot of the Natural Monument and 66 shot trees under protection in the city at present. The study covers distribution, management of usage, investigation and research into various matters relating to the situation of old trees in Pusan. Because 60% of the old trees selected for protection is on private land, citizens have difficulty gaining access to them. Also space for growth is impinged on by various urban facilities. Some trees have problems of growth because the land is covered with cement and asphalt. As regards space for old trees, many places have been destroyed due to the lack of protection fences and the failure to establish a guidance board. Only 40% of the space has been set aside for rest. In these places the establishment of rest areas, benches and handy chairs is needed. And there are 20 holy places where people observe religious ceremonies. As for space security necessary for old trees according to trunk width, the minimum trunk width and availale area needed are more than 1:1.5, but less than 30% have the necessary space. The growth of many old trees is threatended because of the small apace for growth. The prescription of the boundary space is divided between inside and outside. This indicates the domain nature and space rank of the old tree. It can be classified into five forms for research purposes. The elements for prescription of critical space outside are connected with the security of space, and the elements relating to inside space portray the conditions for sensitive growth according to the institution and the ground conditions. The open and closed nature of old tree space has some connection with the relationship between usage and the intimacy of the user. Most of the spaces for old trees can't be used or are difficult to gain access to, so it is necessary to secure enough space for them. The 18 places, despite having easy access, are near farmland, hills or forest. So the intimacy factor is low, and the security of space of the old trees is not generally sufficient. Henceforth, it will be necessary to have security of area for old trees as well as maintenance control to protect them. Also the space should be used as a communal and recreation are in the city. It is the time to construct a landscaped area which people can easily approach, a place with a secure entrance where they can play, rest and converse.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.78-90
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• 1998

본 연구는 1980년대 후반부터 조성된 5개 신도시 공동주택단지의 완충녹지를 대상으로 녹지의 형태와 식재기법, 효과 등을 분석하여 완충녹지 조성시 배식에 이용할 수 있는 자료 구축을 목적으로 하였다. 연구대상지 완충녹지의 형태는 마운딩형, 사면형, 펴연형이었으며 식재된 수종으로는 교목은 상록수 10종, 낙엽수 20종의 총 30종이었고 관목은 총 13종 이었으며 도시공원 등의 관상용수종과 차이가 없었고 식재는 단층적으로 한 상태였다. 완충녹지에 의해 소음완화 효과는 인정되었으나 7개 조사유형중 4유형에서는 공동주택단지의 소음 기준치(65dB) 이하의 완충효과를 보이지 못했다. 소음완화효과는 마운드형이 효과적이었다. 본 연구대상지는 식재밀도, 녹지용적계수는 완충녹지의 기능을 충족시키지 못하고 있으며 자연림과 비교했을 때 식재밀도가 매우 적었고 녹지용적계수도 기준 녹지에 비해 션격히 낮은 값을 나타내어 개선이 요구되었다. 완충녹지는 높이를 2m 이상으로 한 마운딩형으로 조성지역 인근 자연림의 식생구조를 모델로 하는 복층적 식재기법을 이요하여 조성하는 것이 바람직한 것으로 판단되었다.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.625-633
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• 2016

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of hydrophilic polymer (HP) mixture ratio (Control, 1.0%, 2.5%, 5.0%, and 10.0%) on growth of eggplant (Solanum melongena) for lower maintenance urban agriculture via green roofs. Although it was not statistically significant (p > 0.05), substrate temperature was decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio were increased. High substrate water content (95%) was found consistently in growing media under elevated hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio at over 5% during the entire growing period. Substrate electronic conductivity was increased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio were increased. Growth index was decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio was increased. It was reduced about 1/3 and 1/5 compared to that of Control in HP5.0 and HP10.0 treatment plants, respectively. Number of leaves, leaf length, and leaf width were decreased in following order: Control> HP1.0> HP2.5> HP5.0> HP10.0 treatments. There numbers were significantly lower in HP5.0 and HP10.0 treatment plants. Dry weight of shoot and root were decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio was increased. They were reduced by 1/4 compared to those of Control treatment plants. In addition, visual value was decreased as hydrophilic polymer mixture ratio was increased. Plants grown in HP1.0, HP2.5, and HP5.0 treatments all survived. However, plants grown in the HP10.0 treatment had the lowest survival rate (56%) after 3 months of growing. These results indicate that the advantage of adding hydrophilic polymer to green roof growing media may greater during dry periods. However, the proper mixture proportion of hydrophilic polymer should be determined according to different characteristics of growing media and plant species.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제41권4호
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• pp.17-23
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• 2013

본 연구는 가로변 지피식물을 중심으로 염화칼슘에 대한 내성과 피해양상을 파악하여 효율적인 가로변 지피식물 적용 및 관리 자료를 제시하고자 실시되었다. 실험구 조성은 염화칼슘 비율 대조구, 0.5%, 1.0%, 3.0%로 구분하여 일반상토 500g을 기준으로 고상처리 하였다. 식물재료로는 가로수 지피식물로 가능성이 있거나 사용되는 수호초, 옥잠화, 마삭줄, 순비기나무, 사철나무, 작살나무를 사용하였다. 결과를 정리하면 토양은 염화칼슘 농도처리에 따라 산도가 증가하였으며, 전기전도도는 지속적으로 감소하였고, 치환성 칼슘 함량은 처리 이후 증가하였으나 실험기간 중 감소하였다. 수호초, 마삭줄, 사철나무는 염화칼슘 비율 0.5%까지 생육 및 생존이 양호한 것으로 나타났다. 옥잠화, 순비기나무는 1.0%까지 생존이 가능한 것으로 나타났으며, 옥잠화는 식재 기반의 수분을 통한 염류의 이동이 가능한 조건에서 가로변의 지피식재로 적용이 가능할 것이라 판단되었다. 작살나무는 대조구를 제외한 염화칼슘 처리구에서 생육이 불량하고 개엽하지 않아 염화칼슘에 대한 민감성이 큰 것으로 나타났다.

• 농촌계획
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.107-116
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• 2020

Up to date, the majority research on the major landscape elements in organic farming has been mainly focused on the practice of seeking efficiency. The problem is that this type of study contributes to polluting the agricultural environment and damaging the ecological circulation system. As an alternative, there is a growing body of research on organic farming, but it is not widely applied that research on how to manage the landscape considering the scenic characteristics of farming villages practicing organic farming. Therefore, this study was carried out in the conservative aspects of rural landscapes in order to effectively manage the landscape of organic agriculture and, intended to be used to maintain and preserve natural and ecologically harmonious landscapes by deriving management methods suitable for landscape elements targeting the major landscape elements of the organic farming complex. To carry out, this study performed the experts survey which is composed of 13 major landscape elements, including rice paddies and fields, monoculture and diverse crops, dirt roads, windbreak trees, accent planting, dum-bung(small pond), natural small river, natural waterways, plastic film houses, one-storied houses, and pavilion. As a result, Farm land was formed in a square shape, concentrated in an independent space, planted companion plants around the crop, and covered with plants to manage the borders. As for the surrounding environment, it was analyzed that the aspart road system circulating through the village, the evergreen broad-leaved windbreak forest around the cultivated land, and the accent plant located at the entrance of the village were suitable. The hydrological environment consists of Round small pond made of stone in an open space, natural rivers around the village, and natural channels around the farmland, and The Major facilities are suitable for greenhouses that are shielded by plants in independent regions, and wooden duck houses located inside the cultivation area are suitable and The settlement facilities were analyzed to be suitable for single-story brick houses located in independent residential areas, pavilion located with greenery in the center of the village, and educational spaces shielded with wood from arable land. If supplementary evaluation criteria suitable for the management of organic farming landscape are additionally supplemented based on the results derived from this study, It is expected to enhance the landscape value of ecologically superior organic farming.

• 한국농촌건축학회논문집
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• 제21권2호
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• pp.19-26
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• 2019

Pungsu theory is important one in the site selection and lay-out of traditional Korean village and house. In this aspect, Study with a view of Pungsu theory might be used as a proper method for understanding the traditional architecture in Korea. In this context, this study analyzes the Jeong, Dong-Ho's house which is designated no. 19 as an important folk cultural heritage, located in Jigok Ochu-gil 133-62, Godeok-myon, Yesan-gun, Chungnam province. The analysis of the site and space lay-out is carried out by Yong(Dragon), Hyoel(Auspicious Spot), Sa(Sands), Su(Water) aspects of the Pungsu(Fengshui) Hyungsei-ron. The house is depending upon soft dragon vein connecting with a earth type rear mountain. It looks southeast direction, Gonjwasonhyang(乾坐巽向). The hyeolseong(穴星) has classical venus shape, and there is no faults relatively. The Sasinsa condition is almost perfect that right blue dragon and left white tiger surround the hyeol with 3-4 layers and the facing mountain covers the front open area. The water flowing from inside of left and right mountain is joined in front of the house so it could stop flowing out of vital energy. Bibo forest(裨補樹) is placed properly to protect the easy disclose of water outlet. The house is well organized western house(西四宅) by analysis of Dongseosataek-ron(東西四宅論). Through the analysis, I found that the house has good Pungsu(Fengshui) environment fitted with Pungsu Hyungsei-ron. The house composed of small thatched roof is enclosed several times by low hills of back, left and right side. So it is believed that the site might be carefully evaluated by Yong, Hyoel, Sa, Su of Hyeongsei-ron for knowing whether the site condition could minimize the demage by strong winds and protect from the winter cold wind and secure water for drinking and farming and then selected. The method of Pungsu for evaluating the geographical condition of surrounding of a site is used as a traditional site analysis method for evaluating the suitability of long-term well and safe residence.