• 제목/요약/키워드: Open Cell

검색결과 1,064건 처리시간 0.027초

스퍼터링에 의한 CdTe 박막 제조 조건이 CdTe/CdS 태양전지의 특성에 미치는 영향 (Effect of Sputtering Conditions for CdTe Thin Films on CdTe/CdS Solar Cell Characteristics)

  • 정해원;이천;신재혁;신성호;박광자
    • E2M - 전기 전자와 첨단 소재
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    • 제10권9호
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    • pp.930-937
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    • 1997
  • Polycrystalline CdTe thin films have been studied for photovoltaic application because of their high absorption coefficient and optimal band energy(1.45 eV) for solar energy conversion. In this study CdTe thin films were deposited on CdS(chemical bath deposition)/ITO(indium tin oxide) substrate by rf-magnetron sputtering under various conditions. Structural optical and electrical properties are investigated with XRD UV-Visible spectrophotometer SEM and solar simulator respectively. The fabricated CdTe/CdS solar cell exhibited open circuit voltage( $V_{oc}$ ) of 610 mV short circuit current density( $J_{sc}$ ) of 17.2 mA/c $m^2$and conversion efficiency of about 5% at optimal sputtering conditions.

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Anode-supported Type SOFCs based on Novel Low Temperature Ceramic Coating Process

  • Choi, Jong-Jin;Ahn, Cheol-Woo;Kim, Jong-Woo;Ryu, Jungho;Hahn, Byung-Dong;Yoon, Woon-Ha;Park, Dong-Soo
    • 한국세라믹학회지
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    • 제52권5호
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    • pp.338-343
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    • 2015
  • To prevent an interfacial reaction between the anode and the electrolyte layer during the conventional high-temperature co-firing process, an anode-supported type cell with a thin-film electrolyte was fabricated by low-temperature ceramic thick film coating process. Ni-GDC cermet composite was used as the anode material and YSZ was used as the electrolyte material. Open circuit voltage and maximum power density were found to strongly depend on the surface uniformity of the anode functional layer. By optimizing the microstructure of the anode functional layer, the open circuit voltage and maximum powder density of the cell increased to 1.11 V and $1.35W/cm^2$, respectively, at $750^{\circ}C$. When a GDC barrier layer was applied between the YSZ electrolyte and the LSCF cathode, the cell showed good stability, with almost no degradation up to 100 h. Anode-supported type SOFCs with high performance and good stability were fabricated using a coating process.

고상 결정화법을 위한 새로운 공정조건으로 제작된 다결정 Si 박막의 태양전지 특성 평가 (Evaluation of Solar Cell Properties of Poly-Si Thin Film Fabricated with Novel Process Conditions for Solid Phase Crystallization)

  • 권순용;정지현
    • 한국전기전자재료학회논문지
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    • 제24권9호
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    • pp.766-772
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    • 2011
  • Amorphous Si (a-Si) thin films of $p^+/p^-/n^+$ were deposited on $Si_3N_4$/glass substrate by using a plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) method. These films were annealed at various temperatures and for various times by using a rapid thermal process (RTP) equipment. This step was added before the main thermal treatment to make the nuclei in the a-Si thin film for reducing the process time of the crystallization. The main heat treatment for the crystallization was performed at the same condition of $600^{\circ}C$/18 h in conventional furnace. The open-circuit voltages ($V_{oc}$) were remained about 450 mV up to the nucleation condition of 16min in the nucleation RTP temperature of $680^{\circ}C$. It meat that the process time for the crystallization step could be reduced by adding the nucleation step without decreasing the electrical property of the thin film Si for the solar cell application.

Robot-Assisted Thoracic Surgery in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer

  • Lee, Jun Hee;Hong, Jeong In;Kim, Hyun Koo
    • Journal of Chest Surgery
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    • 제54권4호
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    • pp.266-278
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    • 2021
  • Lobectomy is the standard treatment for early non-small cell lung cancer. Various surgical techniques for lobectomy have been developed, and minimally invasive thoracic surgery, such as video-assisted thoracic surgery or robot-assisted thoracic surgery, has been considered as an alternative to conventional open thoracotomy. The recently robotic lobectomy technique has developed since the first case series was published in 2002. Several studies have reported that robotic lobectomy has comparable oncologic and perioperative outcomes to those of video-assisted thoracic surgery lobectomy and open lobectomy. However, robotic lobectomy remains a challenge for surgeons because of the steep learning curve, reduced tactile sensation, difficulty in port placement, and challenges in cooperation between the surgeon and assistant. Many studies have reported on robotic lobectomy, but few have presented surgical techniques for robotic lobectomy. In this article, the surgical techniques and optimal performance of robotic lobectomy are described in detail for all 5 types of lobectomy for surgeons beginning with robotic lobectomy.

고내상 에멀션 중합에 의해 제조된 열린 기공을 갖는 고장도 고분자/점토 나노복합 발포체 (Reinforced Polymer/Clay Nanocomposite Foams with Open Cell Prepared via High Internal Phase Emulsion Polymerization)

  • 송인희;김병철;이성재
    • 폴리머
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    • 제32권2호
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    • pp.183-188
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    • 2008
  • 무기 점도증진제를 도입한 고내상 에멀션 중합법에 의해 고강도의 열린 기공을 갖는 미세구조 발포체를 제조하였다. 오일상 점도증진제로 유기화 점토를 사용하였고 수용상 점도증진제로는 무처리된 친수성 점토인 천연 몬모릴로나이트를 사용하였다. 고내상 에멀션의 유변물성은 오일상 점도증진제의 농도와 교반속도가 증가할수록 증가하였는데 이는 연속상 점도와 분산상 점도간의 경쟁과 전단력의 증가를 반영하여 액적의 크기를 감소시켰기 때문이었다. 점도증진제 농도에 따른 액적의 크기 변화는 캐필러리 수와 점도비 사이의 무차원 해석으로 설명할 수 있었다. 고내상 에멀션을 중합하여 제조한 발포체를 대상으로 파괴 강도 및 압축 탄성률로 표현되는 압축 물성을 측정하여 비교하였다. 본 연구에서 제조한 미세기공 발포체 중에서 반응성 작용기를 지닌 유기화 점토를 도입한 발포체의 경우 우수한 압축 물성을 보여 주었다. 이는 유기화 점토가 폴리스티렌 매트릭스 내에 박리된 형태로 존재하여 나노복합 발포체를 이루기 때문으로 사료된다.

한방좌욕제의 창상치유 효과에 대한 실험적 연구 (Effect of Herbal Decoction for Sitz Bath on Dermoepidermal Recovery to Wound Tissue in Rats)

  • 권수경;최민선;윤상호;김동일
    • 대한한방부인과학회지
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    • 제23권1호
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    • pp.30-41
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    • 2010
  • Purpose: This study was to observe the effect of "herbal decoction for sitz bath" on dermoepidermal recovery to wound tissue in rat's skin. Methods: The samples were assigned to 3 groups: control group : without any treatment, positive control group : potarose 10% solution, experiment group : herbal decoction for sitz bath. We made the open wound of $2{\times}2cm^2$ size that cut deep into the dermis. Treating the open wound for 17 days, we observed the size of the wound diminishing. On 17th days, the cell viability was measured by MTT assay. The effect anti-inflammatory and dermoepidermal recovery were examined by H&E staining, immunohystochemical staining for MIP-2, FGF. Results: The experiment group showed more recovery from the open wound comparing the control group and the positive control group on 10th days after wounding. But there was not remarkable difference between the experiment and positive control group after 17th days post-wounding. The number of MIP-2 positive reacted cell were significantly decreased and that of FGF positive reacted cell were significantly increased than positive control group at 17th days. Conclusion: According to these results, we finally concluded that "herbal decoction for sitz bath" could be effective in recovery to wound tissue.

다단 후래시 증발장치내 개수로 유동의 열.수력학적 거동 (Thermo-Hydrodynamic Behaviors of Open Channel Flow Inside A Multi-Stage Flash Evaporator)

  • 설광원;이상용
    • 대한기계학회논문집
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    • 제14권3호
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    • pp.702-715
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    • 1990
  • 본 연구에서는 개수로 후래시 증발기 내부를 단순화된 형태로 가정하여 앞서 언급된 운전조건 및 유입되는 기포의 갯수유량(혹은 기공률)에 따라 증발기 내부의 속 도 및 온도분포를 수치적으로 계산해 보고자 한다. 이를 위해 유동을 정상상태의 난 류유동으로 가정하였으며, 구형의 기포에 대해 평균적인 운동 및 성장을 지배하는 방 정식을 세우고 상변화에 의한 증발량을 구하였다. 즉 입구에서 유입된 기포들이 성 장하면서 자유표면을 통해서 빠져나가는 운동 궤적을 추적함으로써 증발기 내부 유동 의 속도 및 온도분포를 구하고 이를 바탕으로 총 증발량 및 증발성능을 예측해 보고자 하는 것이다. 그리고 이렇게 계산된 결과들을 기존의 실험값과 비교하였다.

Enhancing Dermal Matrix Regeneration and Biomechanical Properties of $2^{nd}$ Degree-Burn Wounds by EGF-Impregnated Collagen Sponge Dressing

  • Cho Lee Ae-Ri
    • Archives of Pharmacal Research
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    • 제28권11호
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    • pp.1311-1316
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    • 2005
  • To better define the relationship between dermal regeneration and wound contraction and scar formation, the effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) loaded in collagen sponge matrix on the fibroblast cell proliferation rate and the dermal mechanical strength were investigated. Collagen sponges with acid-soluble fraction of pig skin were prepared and incorporated with EGF at 0, 4, and 8 $\mu$g/1.7 $cm^{2}$. Dermal fibroblasts were cultured to 80$\%$ confluence using DMEM, treated with the samples submerged, and the cell viability was estimated using MTT assay. A deep, $2^{nd}$ degree- burn of diameter 1 cm was prepared on the rabbit ear and the tested dressings were applied twice during the 15-day, post burn period. The processes of re-epithelialization and dermal regeneration were investigated until the complete wound closure day and histological analysis was performed with H-E staining. EGF increased the fibroblast cell proliferation rate. The histology showed well developed, weave-like collagen bundles and fibroblasts in EGF-treated wounds while open wounds showed irregular collagen bundles and impaired fibroblast growth. The breaking strength (944.1 $\pm$ 35.6 vs. 411.5 $\pm$ 57.0 Fmax, $gmm^{-2}$) and skin resilience (11.3 $\pm$ 1.4 vs. 6.5 $\pm$ 0.6 mJ/$mm^{2}$) were significantly increased with EGF­treated wounds as compared with open wounds, suggesting that EGF enhanced the dermal matrix formation and improved the wound mechanical strength. In conclusion, EGF-improved dermal matrix formation is related with a lower wound contraction rate. The impaired dermal regeneration observed in the open wounds could contribute to the formation of wound contraction and scar tissue development. An extraneous supply of EGF in the collagen dressing on deep, $2^{nd}$ degree-burns enhanced the dermal matrix formation.