• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.60-66
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• 2016

Background: Management of massive rotator cuff tears can be challenging because of the less satisfactory results and a higher retear rate regardless of the use of open or arthroscopic repair technique. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 102 cases of massive rotator cuff tear treated with either open or arthroscopic repair. Open repair was performed in 38 patients; and arthroscopic repair, in 64 patients. The mean age at the time of surgery was 59.7 years in the open group and 57.6 years in the arthroscopic group. Results: The Constant score increased from the preoperative mean of 55.9 to 73.2 at the last follow-up in the open repair group and from 53.8 to 67.6 in the arthroscopic repair group (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively). The University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA) score increased from a preoperative mean of 17.7 to 30.8 at the last follow-up in the open group and from 17.5 to 28.7 in the arthroscopic group (p<0.001 and <0.001, respectively). No statistically significant difference in the Constant and UCLA scores was observed between the two groups at the last follow-up (p=0.128 and 0.087, respectively). Retear was found in 14 patients (36.8%) in the open group and 39 patients (60.9%) in the arthroscopic group (p=0.024). Conclusions: Open and arthroscopic repairs of massive rotator cuff tears may provide satisfactory clinical results with no significant difference. However, a significantly lower retear rate was observed for the open repair group compared with the arthroscopic repair group.

• 정보관리연구
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• 제42권3호
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• pp.147-165
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• 2011

여러 소스에 출현하는 관측분야의 과학데이터가 OpenURL 서비스 아키텍처에서 원활하게 유통되도록 하기 위해, OpenURL 소스와 서비스 구성요소간 상호운용성 확보를 할 수 있도록 Key/Encoded-Value(KEV) 형식으로 OpenURL 핵심 메타태그를 제안하였다. 현재의 OpenURL은 문헌위주의 학술정보 유통에 그 초점이 맞추어져 있으며, 과학데이터 유통을 위한 메타태그는 제공하지 못하고 있다. 과학데이터 기술을 위한 DataCite 컨소시엄의 메타데이터 요소를 기준으로 하고, 더블린 코어의 핵심 메타데이터 요소, 데이터세트와 테이블을 인용하기 위해 OECD에서 만든 메타데이터 요소, 지구관측 분야의 메타데이터 표준인 DIF 메타데이터 요소를 비교, 분석하여 관측분야의 과학데이터를 위한 OpenURL 핵심 메타태그를 도출하였다.

• Wind and Structures
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.233-259
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• 2017

Investigations on simulated near-surface atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) in an open-jet facility are carried out by conducting experimental tests on small-scale models of low-rise buildings. The objectives of the current study are: (1) to determine the optimal location of test buildings from the exit of the open-jet facility, and (2) to investigate the scale effect on the aerodynamic pressure characteristics. Based on the results, the newly built open-jet facility is well capable of producing mean wind speed and turbulence profiles representing open-terrain conditions. The results show that the proximity of the test model to the open-jet governs the length of the separation bubble as well as the peak roof pressures. However, test models placed at a horizontal distance of 2.5H (H is height of the wind field) from the exit of the open-jet, with a width that is half the width of the wind field and a length of 1H, have consistent mean and peak pressure coefficients when compared with available results from wind tunnel testing. In addition, testing models with as large as 16% blockage ratio is feasible within the open-jet facility. This reveals the importance of open-jet facilities as a robust tool to alleviate the scale restrictions involved in physical investigations of flow pattern around civil engineering structures. The results and findings of this study are useful for putting forward recommendations and guidelines for testing protocols at open-jet facilities, eventually helping the progress of enhanced standard provisions on the design of low-rise buildings for wind.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제33권12B호
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• pp.1112-1122
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• 2008

본 논문에서는 통신망의 기능들을 표준화된 인터페이스로 개방하고자 하는 Open API 기술인 Parlay X APT를 분석하고, 이에 기반하여 멀티미디어 호를 제어할 수 있는 확장 호 제어 (Extended Call Control) API를 IMS 망에 적용하기 위한 SIP 세션 제어 방법을 제안한다. 제안 방법은 확장 호 제어 Open API들의 조합으로 발생할 수 있는 다자간 멀티미디어 호 제어 시 기본적이고 필수적인 세션의 생성, 종료, 복원을 수행하는 세션 전이 방법을 포함한다. 또한 Open API를 이용한 IT 응용 사례를 통해 SIP 세션 방법에 대해 기술하곤 제 3자 호제어, 네트워크 발생 호제어, 멀티미디어 인터액션 API를 이용하여 복잡한 멀티미디어 호를 용이하게 제어할 수 있음을 보인다. 마지막으로 주요 호제어 API를 대상으로 개방형 서비스 게이트웨이에서의 처리 성능을 측정하여 교환기의 호처리 성능과 비교한 결과, Open API의 호처리 성능이 교환기 호처리 성능에 크게 뒤지지 않음을 보였다.

• 정보처리학회논문지A
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• 제13A권2호
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• pp.137-146
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• 2006

최근 Chip-level MuitiThreading(CMT) 기술을 내장한 프로세서 들이 출시되면서 그들을 기반으로 하는 공유 메모리 다중 프로세서(SMP: Shared Memory Multiprocessor) 서버 또한 그 사용이 점점 더 보편화 되고있다. OpenMP는 그 사용의 효율성으로 인하여 SMP 시스템을 위한 응용 프로그램의 병렬화를 위한 표준이 되었다. 고성능 컴퓨팅(HPC: High Performance Computing) 응용프로그램 분야에서 더욱 더 빠른 컴퓨터의 처리 능력에 대한 요구가 증가함에 따라, OpenMP 지시어를 사용하여 병렬화된 HPC 응용 프로그램 들의 성능과 확장성을 높이는 일은 그 중요성이 점차 증대되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 CMT 기술을 내장한 대용량 SMP서버인 Sun Fire E25K에서 OpenMP 지시어를 사용하여 병렬화된 HPC 응용 프로그램 들의 suite인 SPEC OMPL(OpenMP를 위한 표준 벤치마크 suite)의 성능과 확장성에 관해 연구했다. 본 논문에서는 또한 SPEC OMPL에 대한 CMT 기술의 효능을 평가하였다.

• 한국화재소방학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국화재소방학회 1997년도 International Symposium on Fire Science and Technology
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• pp.146-153
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• 1997

An experimental study was performed of natural-convection downward smolder spread across a sawdust bed peripherally enclosed with an insulating container, to examine the effect of the open- ing condition at the top end on downward smolder spread. Experiments were conducted by using relatively coarse sawdust and 25-cm-long cylindrical container The variations of temperature profiles along the bed axis with time were determined far different opening conditions and were com-pared with those in smolder spread from open top to open bottom. It was shown that the smolder zone initiated from open top toward closed bottom penetrates the bed with keeping high peak temperature like the case of open top to open bottom spread, although mean spread rate is smaller. This indicates that the downward smolder zone can be sustained stably if sufficient air or oxygen Is supplied from the back of it by natural convection even if upward draft entering from the bottom of the bed is absent. When the top end was partially closed by mounting a cover after stable smolder spread had begun from open top toward open bottom, the temperature at the peak decreased more than 200 K and the smolder zone became to spread with thickening residue. In this case, the shape of temperature profiles continuously changed or decayed until end-effect at the open bottom end enhanced the reaction. The temperature at the shrunk peak, free from the end-effect, was almost identical with the temperature at the exothermic oxidative-degradation zone in smolder spread from open top to open bottom. from these results, it can be inferred for natural-convection downward smolder spread that the oxidation reaction of the char is very sensitive to the oxygen supply by natural convection in the space above the smolder zone, and that the top end opening condition strongly alters the completeness of reactions, structure, and behavior of the smolder zone.

• 한국주거학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국주거학회 2006년도 추계학술발표대회 논문집
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• pp.448-451
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• 2006

Multi-residential housing in Korea has many problems basically because maintenance, management, and remodelling have been done without considering building elapse and residents' needs. Residential open building has been suggested as one of the solutions. Even though the techniques have been actively developed for residential open building in Japan and the Netherlands, some obstacles are still existing. Especially in Korea, due to the lack of studies for facilitating residential open building, the development and popularization of residential open building are delayed. With the concern that the facilitation of process and systems is as important as technical development, the evaluation of process and systems is needed for promoting residential open building. As result, strong investigation of current situation can offer basic foundation to facilitate residential open building. The purpose of this study is to propose plans to facilitate residential open building in Korea through a comparative study between Korean and Japanese system.

• 한국컴퓨터그래픽스학회논문지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.37-42
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• 2006

OpenVG는 Khronos Group 에 의해 제정된 2D 벡터 그래픽스를 위한 하드웨어 가속 표준이다. OpenVG 적합성 테스트 도구(conformance test suite)는 다양한 기관에서 구현된 OpenVG 엔진이 OpenVG 표준에서 정의한 요구사항들을 만족하는가를 측정하는 도구이다. 적합성 테스트의 통과 여부는 시장에서 해당 제품의 기술적 우위성 및 안정성을 보장하는 지표가 되기에 적합성 테스트 개발 과정에서 형평성 및 객관성을 확보하는 것은 대단히 중요한 일이다. 본 논문에서는 OpenVG Conformance Test Suite의 설계 및 구현 과정을 소개함으로써 표준의 제정과 더불어 꼭 필요한 과정인 적합성 테스트 도구 개발 시에 형평성과 객관성을 유지하기 위한 바람직한 개발 모델을 제시한다. 이를 통해 향후 타 표준의 적합성 테스트 개발 시에 참고가 되고자 한다.

• 한국주거학회논문집
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• 제13권3호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2002

The goal of this survey is to propose planning and design informations for the public open spaces in apartment housing, through the observation and analysis of the current situations. For this, the planning information of housing suppliers about public open spaces and the spatial utilization of users were compared and by analyzing facility utilization and resident\`s recognition. This study is also intended to guide the future directions of the research for the improvement of public open spaces. The research follows three phases; \circled1 To understand the conditions of public open spaces in apartment housing sites through survey and analysis of catalogues and references. \circled2 To study on facility utilization and resident's recognition by observation and analysis. \circled3 To propose planning guidelines for the improvement of public open space by recognition differences of facilities.

• 한국감성과학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국감성과학회 2000년도 춘계 학술대회 및 국제 감성공학 심포지움 논문집 Proceeding of the 2000 Spring Conference of KOSES and International Sensibility Ergonomics Symposium
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• pp.39-46
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• 2000

The imploded open $\pi$-rays comprise of the space and their diameters are distributed from nearly zero to infinite. The change of the potential energy in the open $\pi$-ray produces an attraction force between them and it is sensible to the geometric shape factor and its frequency. The equivalent principle of general relativity means that in the wave equation its velocity of the force wave is infinite. The change of the state in a open $\pi$-ray(or any force wave) can be transferred to any sensible open $\pi$-ray via space at a finite velocity. Many properties of the light wave can be deduce from the motions of open $\pi$-rays.The nonsteady and steady Schr dinger equations include the dynamics of open $\pi$-rays and closed $\pi$-rays.$\prod$-ray is a tool of entity for constructing physics and metaphysics at the same time.