• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.378-395
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• 1994

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various metal surface treatments and adhesive systems on the flexural bond strength of composite resin to Au-Ag-Cu-Pd alloy. The specimens were divided into nine groups by the combinations of surface treatment methods and adhesive systems. The types of surface treatment in this study were alumina blasting only, alumina blasting-Sn plating, alumina blasting-heating and three kinds of adhesive system used in this study were Silicoater system(Heraeus Kulzer GmbH,Germany), Superbond C & B(Sun Medical Co.,Ltd.,Japan) and Cesead opaque primer(Kurary Co.,Ltd.,Japan). After surface treatments and adhesive systems were applied, each specimen was built up with Dentacolor composite resin (Heraeus Kulzer GmbH,Germany). Four-point flexural bond strength was measured by Instron universal testing machine (Model 4301,U.S.A.) and modes of failure were observed by SEM(JEOL,SSM-840A,Japan). The obtained results were as follows: 1. The group that was bonded with Superbond C & B after alumina blasting-heating shelved the highest bond strength with significant difference among the groups, except the group with Cesead opaque primer after alumina blasting-Sn plating(P<0.05). 2. In the groups bonded with Cesead opaque primer, there was significant difference only in the bond strength between the alumina blasting-Sn plating group and alumina blasting group, where the former showed a higher bond strength(P<0.05). 3. In the groups bonded with Silicoater system, there were no significant differences in bond strength regardless of the surface treatment method(P<0.05). 4. In SEM evaluation, the groups of high bond strength, especially bonded with Superbond C & B after alumina blasting-heating and Cesead opaque primer after alumina blasting-Sn plating, revealed mainly cohesive-adhesive failure, whereas the others showed the tendency of adhesive failure.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제38권2호
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• pp.160-168
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• 2000

This study evaluated the effects of four adhesive metal primers on the shear bond strength of a heat curing denture base resin(Lucitone 199) to cobalt-chromium alloy(Biosil-f). The adhesive metal primers were Cesead Opaque Primer, Metal Primer, MR Bond, and Super-Bond liquid. The metal surface primed or nonprimed was filled with the heat-curing methyl methacrylate resin. The specimens were stored in water at $37^{\circ}C$ for 24 hours and the alternately immersed in water bath at $5^{\circ}C\;and\;55^{\circ}C$ for up to 2,000 thermal cycles. Shear bond strengths were measured using UTM at a crosshead speed of 0.5mm/min. Failure surface were examined under magnifying glasses. All the primers examined improved the shear bond strength between denture base resin and cobalt-chromium alloy compared with nonprimed specimens before thermal cycling. The bond strength of Cesead Opaque Primer was greatest. And after 2,000 thermal cycles, the bond strengths between resin and cobalt-chromium alloy were decreased but the difference between thermal cycling 0 and 2,000 at Cesead Opaque primer and Metal Primer were not significant. This study indicated that Cesead Opaque Primer & Metal Primer is effective primers to obtain higher bond strength between heat cured denture base resin and cobalt-chromium alloy.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.195-209
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• 1991

When the porcelain fused to metal restorations were fractured at the metal interface, various techniques and materials for intraoral porcelain repair have been suggested. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of metal surface treatment method and water storage on the shear bond strength of four porcelain repair systems. : Clearfil(Kuraray), All-bond(Bisco), Superbond C & B(Sun Medical), Panavia OP(Kuraray). After the metal surfaces of the specimens were sandblasted by aluminum oxide or roughened by diamond point, they were stored in double deionized water(24 Hr., $37^{\circ}C$) and thermocycling was performed(24 Hr., 1024 cycles), and again half of specimes were stored in water bath(2 Months, $37^{\circ}C$). Mean shear bond strength and mode of failure were recorded. The results of this study were obtained as follows : 1. Differences were observed between the sandblasted and diamond - treated specimens in Clearfil, All-bond, and Superbond. No statistically significant differences were observed in Panavia. 2. The 2-month storage time significantly affected the bond strength of All-bond and Superbond. No statistically significant differences were observed in Clearfil and Panavia. 3. The failures were observed at the interface between opaque resin and the metal in Clearfil and All-bond. 4. The failures were observed at the interface between opaque resin and veneered resin in Panavia. The failures were observed at the interface between opaque resin and veneered resin in Superbond, but 40% of them were fractured at the interface between the metal and opaque resin after 2-month storage time.

• 인지과학
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.421-439
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• 2016

새로운 한자합성어의 학습에서 의미 투명성의 효과를 행동 실험과 ERP 실험을 통해 조사하였다. 참가자들은 구성형태소와 단어 의미의 관계가 투명한 조건(=투명 신단어)과 불투명한 조건(=불투명 신단어)에서 3회기에 걸쳐 새로운 단어-의미쌍을 학습하였다. 학습 단계에서는 자기 조절 의미 학습 시간과 ERP를 측정하고, 검사 단계에서는 학습한 단어에 대한 어휘판단시간과 의미 회상 점수를 측정하였다. 의미 학습 시간, 어휘판단, 의미 회상 검사 모두에서 의미 투명성의 효과가 유의하게 나타났다. 투명 신단어의 경우, 불투명 신단어에 비해 의미 학습 시간이 더 짧았음에도 불구하고, 어휘판단이 더 정확하고 빨랐으며, 의미 회상 검사 수행이 더 좋았다. 의미 투명성 효과는 ERP의 N400 성분의 진폭에서도 나타났다. 단어 의미가 투명한 조건에 비해 불투명한 조건에서의 N400 진폭이 더 컸다. 본 연구의 결과는 단어 재인 연구에서 발견된 의미 투명성 효과가 단어 학습에서도 나타남을 보여주며, 이는 단어 학습에서 형태소 정보가 중요한 역할을 한다는 것을 시사한다.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.91-98
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• 2024

본 논문에서는 공기방울이 있는 불투명한 얼음 구를 효율적으로 표현할 수 있는 기하학적 접근법 기반의 입자-격자 혼합 프레임워크를 소개한다. 격자를 통해 수온이 확산되고 입자를 통해 얼음 내부에 표현되는 공기방울을 표현한다. 노이즈한 용존공기장(Dissolved air field)이 생성되는 이전 기법의 문제를 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 레벨셋을 이용하여 알고리즘을 경량화한다. 즉, 활성화 입자(Active particle)의 개수와 초기 용존산소량(Dissolved oxygen)을 이용하여 열확산의 종료 조건을 효율적으로 제어한다. 또한 공기방울 근처에만 계산했던 이전 용존공기장 기법을 투명한 영역에도 확산하여 사실적인 얼음 구를 표현했고, 입자의 방향성을 정확하게 계산하기 위해 레벨셋 기반의 접근법을 소개한다. 결과적으로 본 논문에서 제시한 방법은 기존 기법에 비해 약 3배정도 빨랐으며 시각적으로 개선된 불투명 얼음 구의 가시화 결과를 보여주기 때문에 물리적인 가상 얼음 형태를 표현하는 분야에 활용될 수 있다.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.41-54
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• 1987

The purposes of this study were to evaluate the color differences those can exist between different brands of porcelain with identical shade designation, and to find their causes. For these purposes the following experiments were executed: The color of each opaque and layered porcelain specimen was determined by spectral reflectance measurements with a spectrophotometer. The compositions of each opaque porcelain powder were analyzed by qualitative, and quantitative analysis. Microscopic structures of each opaque porcelain were observed by scanning electron microscope. The results were as follows: 1. Identical shade of different brands of porcelain produced significantly different colors. 2. Color differences among the three brands were found under different light sources. 3. Color differences among the three brands were mostly a result of differences in kinds and amounts of opacifying agents and fluxes and microstructure of porcelain systems. 4. When porcelain systems have similar compositions and firing cycles, they produced similar colors.

• 대한치과보철학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.33-49
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• 1982

This study was undertaken to observe the porcelain porosity exerted by the contamination of the alloy and liquid. The alloy used in this study was Jelstar; liquids were Ceramco Sta-Wet liquid, distilled water and tap water; and Ceramco vacuum porcelain powder was used. The measurements with photomicroscope (x200, Olympus) were made on the porosity, the diameter (mm) of the pores and the numbers of the pores ($No/mm^2$) The results of this study were obtained as follows: 1. In the porosity, the opaque layer contained over 70% of the total porosity, and the porosity was increased about twice in every porcelain layer by the tap water. 2. The contamination of the alloy and liquid caused porosity to increase markedly at the interface of the metal-porcelain. 3. The diameter of the pores were increased about 1.5 times larger by the contaimination of the liquid, and only a slight increase in the opaque layer due to the contamination of the alloy. 4. In the numbers of the pores, there were significant differences according to the contamination of the alloy and the porcelain layer. And the contamination of the liquid caused significant differences only in the opaque layer.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.93-99
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• 2010

A nano-stereolithography is the direct patterning process with a nanoscale resolution using twophoton absorption induced by a femtosecond laser. However, in the majority of the works, the fabrication of 3D microstructures have been done only onto transparent glass due to the use of an oil immersion objective lens for achieving a high resolution. In this work, the coaxial illumination and the auto-focusing system are proposed for the direct patterning of nano-precision patterns on an opaque substrate such as a silicon wafer and a metal substrate. Through this work, 3D polymer structures and metallic patterns are fabricated on a silicon wafer using the developed process.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.69-75
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• 2006

The microbubbles were used in various fields, such as turbulent control, drag reduction, material science and life science. The X-ray PTV using X-ray micro-imaging technique was employed to mea-sure the size and velocity of micro-bubbles moving in an opaque tube simultaneously. Micro-bubbles of $10{\sim}60{\mu}m$ diameter moving upward in an opaque tube (${\phi}$=2.7mm) were tested. Due to the different refractive indices of water and air, phase contrast X-ray images clearly show the exact size and shape of over-lapped microbubbles. In all of the working fluids tested (deionized water, tap water, 0.01 and 0.10M NaCl solutions), the measured terminal velocity of the microbubbles rising through the solution was proportional to the square of the bubble diameter. The rising velocity was increased with increasing mole concentration. The microbubble can be useful as contrast agent or tracer in life science and biology. The X-ray PTV technique should be able to extract useful information on the behavior of various bio/microscale fluid flows that are not amenable to analysis using conventional methods.

• 대한치과기공학회지
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2017

Purpose: In this study, a corresponding porcelain coating material was applied to dental Co-Cr metal among PFM. Methods: The bonding strength of the fired specimens was measured by a three-point flexural rigidity test. SEM/EDS was used to observe the surface component of specimens. Results: First, All groups were higher than the minimum bonding strength of 25 MPa specified in ISO 9693 for dental metal-ceramics specimens. Second, The bonding strength of control group(WO) is 44.64 MPa. Experimental group DM was 35.45 MPa and DP was 31.82 MPa(P<0.05). Tukey's HSD tests results have shown that the bonding strength in control group(WO) is higher than that of experimental group(DM, DP). Third, In the case of metal - porcelain bonding strength, the application of opaque porcelain and firing were higher than those of the group treated with degassing process. Conclusion: The bonding strength was higher when the powder opaque porcelain was applied than the paste opaque porcelain.