• 정보처리학회논문지C
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• 제17C권4호
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• pp.361-370
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• 2010

OTP(One Time Password)란 사용자가 인증시 안전한 메커니즘을 이용하여 매번 다른 패스워드를 생성하여 인증하는 방식을 말한다. OTP 인증 방식을 이용할 경우 공격자는 패스워드를 가로채어 정당한 사용자로 위장할 수 없게 된다. 이러한 OTP는 H/W 기반 또는 S/W 기반 형태로 구현될 수 있다. H/W를 기반으로 하는 단말기형과 카드형의 경우 배포 및 사용의 편의성 문제로 인해 대중화에 어려움이 존재하였다. 이를 대체하기 위한 방법으로 모바일이나 PC에 S/W 형태로 구현하는 OTP가 도입되고 있다. 하지만 S/W 제품은 구현상에 취약점이 존재할 경우 악의적인 공격의 대상이 될 수 있다는 문제점이 있다. 실제로 금융보안연구원의 보고서에서는 모바일 상에 탑재된 OTP의 경우 구현상에 취약점이 존재한다고 밝혔다. 하지만 PC상에 탑재된 OTP에 대해서는 현재까지 취약점 분석 사례가 존재하지 않는다. 이에 본 논문에서는 PC에 탑재된 OTP의 보안 검토사항을 도출하고, 실제 역공학을 통해 OTP 생성 메커니즘을 파악하여 취약점 분석을 수행하였다.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제12권4호
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• pp.1527-1552
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• 2018

The rapidly-evolving demand of applications using wireless sensor networks in several areas such as building and industrial automation or smart cities, among other, makes it necessary to determine and provide QoS support mechanisms which can satisfy the requirements of applications. In this paper we propose a mechanism that establishes different QoS levels, based on Publish/Subscribe model for wireless networks to meet application requirements, to provide reliable delivery of packet and timeliness. The first level delivers packets in a best effort way. The second one intends to provide reliable packet delivery with a novel approach for Retransmission Timeout (RTO) calculation, which adjusts the RTO depending on the subscriber Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR). The third one provides the same reliable packet delivery as the second one, but in addition, it provides data aggregation trying to be efficient in terms of energy consumption and the use of network bandwidth. The last one provides timeliness in the packet delivery. We evaluate each QoS Level with several performance metrics such as PDR, Message Delivery Ratio, Duplicated and Retransmitted Packet Ratio and Packet Timeliness Ratio to demonstrate that our proposal provides significant improvements based on the increase of the PDR obtained.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2011년도 제40회 동계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.490-490
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• 2011

Graphene, hexagonal network of carbon atoms forming a one-atom thick planar sheet, has been emerged as a fascinating material for future nanoelectronics. Huge attention has been captured by its extraordinary electronic properties, such as bipolar conductance, half integer quantum Hall effect at room temperature, ballistic transport over ${\sim}0.4{\mu}m$ length and extremely high carrier mobility at room temperature. Several approaches have been developed to produce graphene, such as micromechanical cleavage of highly ordered pyrolytic graphite using adhesive tape, chemical reduction of exfoliated graphite oxide, epitaxial growth of graphene on SiC and single crystalline metal substrate, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) synthesis. In particular, direct synthesis of graphene using metal catalytic substrate in CVD process provides a new way to large-scale production of graphene film for realization of graphene-based electronics. In this method, metal catalytic substrates including Ni and Cu have been used for CVD synthesis of graphene. There are two proposed mechanism of graphene synthesis: carbon diffusion and precipitation for graphene synthesized on Ni, and surface adsorption for graphene synthesized on Cu, namely, self-limiting growth mechanism, which can be divided by difference of carbon solubility of the metals. Here we present that large area, uniform, and layer controllable graphene synthesized on Cu catalytic substrate is achieved by acetylene-assisted CVD. The number of graphene layer can be simply controlled by adjusting acetylene injection time, verified by Raman spectroscopy. Structural features and full details of mechanism for the growth of layer controllable graphene on Cu were systematically explored by transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제36권12B호
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• pp.1489-1497
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• 2011

현재 사이버보안 위협을 방어하기 위한 하나의 방편으로서 보안 관리 도메인간 사이버보안 정보 공유를 통하여 전체 네트워크에 대한 보안 성능을 높이려는 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 사이버보안 정보를 교환할 때 큰 이슈가 되는 것 중의 하나는 각 도메인이 서로 독립적이기 때문에 정보공유에 관련된 각 도메인의 요구사항이 서로 다르다는 것이다. 본 논문에서는 공유정책과 공유정책제어 프로토콜을 통하여 보안관리 도메인의 정보공유에 관한 요구사항을 반영함으로써 사이버보안정보의 교환을 효과적으로 제공할 수 있는 사이버보안정보 교환 방법을 제안한다. 아울러 본 논문에서는 제안하는 방법을 제공하는 통합보안제어 시스템을 개발하고 그 시스템상에서 제안하는 방법의 성능을 평가한다.

• Hip & pelvis
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.175-182
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to compare patients in whom fixation failure occurred via cut-out (CO) or cut-through (CT) in order to determine patient factors and radiographic parameters that may be predictive of each mechanism. Materials and Methods: This retrospective cohort study includes 18 patients with intertrochanteric (IT) hip fractures (AO/OTA classification 31A1.3) who underwent treatment using a single lag screw design intramedullary nail in whom fixation failure occurred within one year. All patients were reviewed for demographics and radiographic parameters including tip-to-apex distance (TAD), posteromedial calcar continuity, neck-shaft angle, lateral wall thickness, and others. Patients were grouped into cohorts based on the mechanism of failure, either lag screw CO or CT, and a comparison was performed. Results: No differences in demographics, injury details, fracture classifications, or radiographic parameters were observed between CO/CT cohorts. Of note, a similar rate of post-reduction TAD>25 mm (P=0.936) was observed between groups. A higher rate of DEXA (dual energy X-ray absorptiometry) confirmed osteoporosis (25.0% vs. 60.0%) was observed in the CT group, but without significance. Conclusion: The mechanism of CT failure during intramedullary nail fixation of an IT fracture did not show an association with clinical data including patient demographics, reduction accuracy, or radiographic parameters. As reported in previous biomechanical studies, the main predictive factor for patients in whom early failure might occur via the CT effect mechanism may be related to bone quality; however, conduct of larger studies will be required in order to determine whether there is a difference in bone quality.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.1231-1245
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• 2015

People have transferred their business model from traditional commerce to e-commerce in recent decades. Both shopping and payment can be completed through the Internet and bring convenience to consumers and business opportunities to industry. These trade techniques are mostly set up based on the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL). SSL provides the security for transaction information and is easy to set up, which makes it is widely accepted by individuals. Although attackers cannot obtain the real content even when the transferred information is intercepted, still there is risk for online trade. For example, it is impossible to prevent credit card information from being stolen by virtual merchant. Therefore, we propose a new mechanism to solve such security problem. We make use of the disposable dynamic security code (DSC) to replace traditional card security code. So even attackers get DSC for that round of transaction, they cannot use it for the next time. Besides, we apply visual secret sharing techniques to transfer the DSC, so that interceptors cannot retrieve the real DSC even for one round of trade. This way, we can improve security of credit card transaction and reliability of online business. The experiments results validate the applicability and efficiency of the proposed mechanism.

• 한국분무공학회지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.88-94
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• 2015

Recently, exhaust gas regulation has been gradually strengthened due to depletion of fossil fuels and environmental problem like a global warming. Due to this global problem, the demand for eco-friendly vehicle development is rapidly increasing. A clean diesel vehicle is considered as a realistic alternative. The common-rail fuel injection system, which is the key technology of the clean diesel vehicle, has adopted injection strategies such as high pressure injection, multiple injection for better atomization of the fuel. In addition, the emission regulations in the future is expected to be more stringent, which a conventional engine is difficult to deal with. One of the way for actively proceeding is the study of alternative fuels. Among them, the bio-diesel has been attracted as an alternative of diesel. So, in this study, spray characteristics of bio-diesel was analyzed in the common-rail fuel injection system with three injectors driven by different operating mechanism.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제18권5호
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• pp.639-648
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• 2006

전단 경간비를 실험 변수로 하여 철근콘크리트 보에 대한 1방향 단조재하의 전단실험을 실시하였다. 실험에 병행하여 실시한 유한요소 해석과 실험결과를 기초로 전단 경간비가 작은 보의 전단내력을 구하는 해석 방법과 주근의 부착작용의 효과를 고려한 crooked main strut과 sub strut으로 구성되는 새로운 매크로 모델을 제안하였다. 그 결과 전단 경간비가 0.75 이하에서 본 연구에서 제안한 매크로 모델이 형성 가능하다는 것과 콘크리트 압축강도의 유효계수를 0.75로 하였을 때 실험 결과와 해석 결과가 가장 잘 일치함을 확인하였다.

• 한국소음진동공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소음진동공학회 2013년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.347-352
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• 2013

Seoul National University Flap (SNUF) blade is a small-scaled rotor blade incorporating a small trailing-edge flap control surface driven by piezoelectric actuators at higher harmonics for vibration attenuation. Initially, the blade was designed using two-dimensional cross-section analysis and a geometrically exact one-dimensional beam analysis, and material configuration was finalized. Flap deflection angle of ${\pm}45^{\circ}$ was established as the criterion for better vibration reduction performance based on an earlier simulation. Flap linkage mechanism design is carried out and static bench tests are conducted to verify the flap actuation mechanism performance. Different versions of test beds are developed and tested with the flap and chosen APA 200M piezoelectric actuators. Through significant improvements, a maximum deflection of ${\pm}3.7^{\circ}$ was achieved. High frequency experiments are conducted to evaluate the performance and transfer function of the test bed is determined experimentally. As the static tests are almost completed, rotor power required for testing the blade in whirl tower (centrifugal environment) is calculated and further preparations are under way.

• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제25권4호
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

Of the seven base units of the international system of units, only the kilogram is still defined in terms of a material artifact. One of the experimental approaches opening the way to a new definition of the kilogram is the watt balance To improve the performance of the NPL watt balance, we need to quantify and reduce hysteresis effects in the balance knives. In this paper, we discuss the mechanical characteristics of the knife edges used in the NPL watt balance. The hysteresis mechanism is analyzed using the finite element method. It is found that the cause of hysteresis is not normal stress but shear, and the deformation of the flat, rather than the knife, is an important factor in the hysteresis mechanism. The study presented here, using finite element analysis, suggests that parameters such as material property, tip radius and knife straightness can be more important than others, such as friction coefficient, tip angle, etc.