• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
• /
• v.38 no.2
• /
• pp.116-120
• /
• 2005

Objective : The aim of this study is to analyze the clinical symptoms, radiological changes, interval from first operation to symptom recurrence and to propose the proper treatment method for re-operated patients following chronic subdural hematoma surgery. Methods : Between January 1992 and April 2003, 18 of 138patients of chronic subdural hematoma repeatedly underwent surgical treatment. The symptoms, mental status by Bender grade, radiological hematoma size and midline shifting, interval from symptom onset to diagnosis, surgical method and prognosis by Glasgow outcome scale[GOS] between the first attack and the recurrence were compared. Results : The symptoms at the time of recurrence were nearly the same as with the first attack, but two patients[2/18, 11.1%] showed a more declined mentality. In addition, the recurred hematoma sizes were the same or large than those previously found. Many patients were recurred within two weeks[13/18, 72.2%]. Most patients were operated on using the previous burr hole, with the exception of one patient who recurred at a different site. All patients had a good prognosis more than GOS 4 [GOS 4:4, GOS 5:12], but two died due to extracranial complication and infection. Conclusion : These results suggest that the early diagnosis and treatment are important, mostly recurred same symptoms within two weeks. Re-operation using the previous burr hole site is a good method.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
• /
• v.48 no.1
• /
• pp.80-85
• /
• 2011

The crystallization behavior and microstructural change of the glass-ceramics were analyzed as a function of concentration and etching time of the HF solution in order to enhance the degree of crystallinity induced by heterogeneous nucleation of glass of bottom ash containing 15 wt% $Li_2O$. The nucleation site seemed to be generated where the Si ion was eluted. The main crystal phases in the glass-ceramics fabricated in this study were $\beta$-spodumene and $Li_2SiO_3$. The specimens etched with HF of 0.5 vol% within 0~60 seconds showed increased crystalline peak intensities in XRD pattern with etching time compared to no-etched one. Also the crystal size and crystal occupancy in the glass matrix observed by SEM were increased with etching time. For the glass-ceramics etched with 1.0 and 2.0 vol% HF solution, the etching time over 10 s was not effective to increase the crystallinity. From this study, it was found that the glass-ceramics with the higher crystallinity could be obtained by HF-etching followed by heat treatment process, even though the nucleating agent or 2-stages thermal treatment process were not used.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
• /
• v.16 no.1
• /
• pp.15-22
• /
• 1982

To evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of radioisotope bone scan and clinical activity of myositis, bone scan using $^{99m}Tc-Methylene$ diphosphonate was serially done before and after treatment with prednisolone in 10 patients with well-documented dermatomyositis-polymyositis. The observed results were as follows. 1. In all 10 patients before treatment with prednisolone, the bone scans showed evidence of increased muscle uptake. Muscle uptake was markedly increased in 4 patients, moderately increased in 3 patients and minimally increased in 3 patients. 2. The site of increased muscle uptake was consistent with the site of clinically involved muscle which was weak and tender. 3. The degree of muscle uptake correlated with the severity of the muscle weakness and tenderness at the scan was done. In all 10 patients treated with high dose prednisolone, muscle uptake was decreased following therapy. Above results suggest the radioisotope bone scanning may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of patient with dermatomyositis-polymyositis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
• /
• v.36 no.4
• /
• pp.58-69
• /
• 2018

The purpose of this study was to present specific standards for landscape planning and construction applicable to landscaping areas in various historical sites. The results are as follows: First, the types of historical sites are classified according to their preservation status and processing techniques, and the classification according to their status is divided into those that have been buried underground, such as those that have been exposed to the ground, such as buildings and structures, and those that have a reputation or a record of the sites. The classification according to the wartime processing technique was classified by such techniques as closures that isolate the site, penetration that can be seen on the site, and overlays where a separate protection facility is installed on the site. Second, the principles of landscape planning for display of historical sites are divided into the items that make up the historical site, surface treatment of the sites, tree planting, and installation of facilities. If the site is not a circular space, the area separating the space by different materials between the components is required. In the event that preservation of the historical site is required, it is deemed desirable to use the soil, and to do so, the use of grasses and shrubs is effectively considered to be effective. The introduction of plants and plants should be considered according to the nature of the space. Depending on the area and nature of the monument, the facility is required to take a cautious approach by reviewing its influence on the landscape and the additional excavation of the monument. Third, the readjustment method derived as a result of looking at the landscaping principle in the historical site space was classified as conservation of status, installation of protection facilities, burial, restoration, relocation, and reproduction. Preservation of the status quo is essential for limited landscape planning and should not affect the prototype of existing relics. The protection facility shall be installed where necessary to protect the relics, and when the soil is formed, the surface treatment shall be required to remove trees that could damage the site and prevent soil and soil oil from being lost after the site. The restoration shall establish a landscaping plan according to the circular preservation based on the clues to the circle. The transfer requires a landscaping plan to create an environment similar to the outer space of an existing site and should be able to highlight the value or location of the original site. The reenactment should have a landscaping plan to revive the landscape and atmosphere of the past for the now-defunct remains. Fourth, landscaping can simultaneously satisfy the preservation of excavation sites and the increase in exhibition effects. In order to protect the traces of the past and vitalize the site of the ruins today, specific measures are required, the creation of a park for historical sites that preserve the functions and value of the relics, and the formation of a shape of linked contents can be suggested as alternatives.

• Progress in Medical Physics
• /
• v.32 no.3
• /
• pp.59-69
• /
• 2021

Purpose: The relationship between computed tomography (CT) number and electron density (ED) has been investigated in previous studies. However, the role of these measures for guiding cancer treatment remains unclear. Methods: The CT number was plotted against ED for different imaging protocols. The CT number was imported into ED tables for the Pinnacle treatment planning system (TPS) and was used to determine the effect on dose calculations. Conversion tables for radiation dose calculations were generated and subsequently monitored using a dosimeter to determine the effect of different CT scanning protocols and treatment sites. These tables were used to retrospectively recalculate the radiation therapy plans for 41 patients after an incorrect scanning protocol was inadvertently used. The gamma index was further used to assess the dose distribution, percentage dose difference (DD), and distance-to-agreement (DTA). Results: For densities <1.1 g/cm³, the standard deviation of the CT number was ±0.6% and the greatest variation was noted for brain protocol conditions. For densities >1.1 g/cm³, the standard deviation of the CT number was ±21.2% and the greatest variation occurred for the tube voltage and head and neck (H&N) protocol conditions. These findings suggest that the factors most affecting the CT number are the tube voltage and treatment site (brain and H&N). Gamma index analyses for the 41 retrospective clinical cases, as well as brain metastases and H&N tumors, showed gamma passing rates >90% and <90% for the passing criterion of 2%/2 and 1%/1 mm, respectively. Conclusions: The CT protocol should be carefully decided for TPS. The correct protocol should be used for the corresponding TPS based on the treatment site because this especially affects the dose distribution for brain metastases and H&N tumor recognition. Such steps could help reduce systematic errors.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.14 no.5
• /
• pp.8-14
• /
• 2015

Heat treatment for car body molds is mainly a manual process performed by a worker. The performance of this process is affected by workers' skill level, and has limitation in maintaining uniform product quality. In this study, we developed a diode laser heat treatment robot system that implements an OLP type simulator to overcome the limitation of manual process, and to improve and stabilize the quality level. In addition, we verified the efficiency of the robot system and mechanism stability from the early stage through design verification and simulated analysis in the development stage. In addition, we carried out a field test to study the way to establish optimized D/B for diode laser heat treatment criteria for car body molds, such as heat treatment speed, interval, etc. via site experiment.

• Economic and Environmental Geology
• /
• v.56 no.6
• /
• pp.675-695
• /
• 2023

The tracksite of dinosaurs and pterosaurs in Sanbuk-dong of Gunsan is the largest early Cretaceous dinosaur footprint fossil site in Korea, and all the footprints are important evidence indicating that large ornithopod and theropod dinosaurs inhabited the Korean peninsula during the early Cretaceous. The Sanbuk-dong site was covered with waterproof sheet in an outdoor environment until the installation of a protective enclosure in 2021. As a result, various factors such as shear force, load reduction, temperature and humidity fluctuations, acid rain, salinity and microorganisms have complexly interacted in the substrate of fossils, exacerbating the damage to footprints. For 159 footprints in 12 trackways among the footprints found in the site, the damage types were classified in detail and the level of each damage was assessed. The damages were classified into 6 types through the classification of deterioration degree of individual footprints. As a result of ultrasonic physical property evaluation on the surface of the fossil site, most of these footprints are in the completely weathered (CW) stage. Furthermore, various weathering patterns were observed in the study area, and surface contaminants were analyzed along the stratigraphy. Although the patterns of freshness and contaminants varied at different points within the fossil site, the chemical compositions were similar. Based on the results, an efficient conservation management system for dinosaur footprint fossils was established, and a conservation treatment type for each footprint was proposed.

• Journal of Conservation Science
• /
• v.35 no.3
• /
• pp.259-268
• /
• 2019

Stone cultural heritage will either be damaged by composite damage or will lose its original historical authenticity starting with the moment it is created. Various artificial interventions to restore them to their original state have been described, centering on the conservation treatment case of the Stupa of State Preceptor Jigwang from the Wonju Beopcheonsa Temple Site. Restoration of the Jigwang stone pagoda was carried out after securing all scientific and technological means for the research and protection of the cultural heritage in question. Since its restoration was promoted to retain its aesthetic and historical value and was based on a careful understanding of the original materials and prototypes, extensive restoration was sought, which contributed to the restoration of the original form, resulting in both preservation and authenticity.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
• /
• v.54 no.2
• /
• pp.192-197
• /
• 2009

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of site-specific variable fertilization following digital fertility map generated from soil analysis on rice growth and yield. The site-specific application of fertilizer was implemented by using rice transplanter equipped with side dressing applicator and global positioning system (GPS). Coefficient of variation (C.V.) of soil nitrogen content was reduced after the experiment, and spatial variation of semivariogram was reduced. Rice growth from tillering to ripening stage, plant height, tiller and panicle number increased at site-specific variable fertilization treatment, and coefficient variation (C.V.) of each growth characteristics was lower than those of conventional fertilization treatment. As a result, fertility in the rice field was more uniform become of site-specific fertilizer application. Head rice yield of site-specific application plot increased by 9% (i.e., to from 450 kg/10a to 492 kg/10a of the control plot) and its CV was significantly reduced to 3.5 compared to 7.8 of the control plot. In addition, there was no significant difference in amylose, protein contents and whiteness of milled rice, but its CV was reduced.

• Corrosion Science and Technology
• /
• v.12 no.6
• /
• pp.265-273
• /
• 2013

Ti-stabilized 11 wt% Cr ferritic stainless steels (FSSs) for automotive exhaust systems have been experienced intergranular corrosion (IC) in some heat-affected zone (HAZ). The effects of sensitizing heat-treatment and silicon on IC were studied. Time-Temperature-Sensitization (TTS) curves showed that sensitization to IC was observed at the steels heat-treated at the temperature lower than $650^{\circ}C$ and that silicon improved IC resistance. The sensitization was explained by chromium depletion theory, where chromium is depleted by precipitation of chromium carbide during sensitizing heat-treatment. It was confirmed with the results from the analysis of precipitates as well as the thermodynamical prediction of stable phases. In addition, the role of silicon on IC was explained with the stabilization of grain boundary. In other words, silicon promoted the formation of the grain boundaries with low energy where precipitation was suppressed and consequently, the formation of Cr-depleted zone was retarded. The effect of silicon on the formation of grain boundaries with low energy was proved by the analysis of coincidence site lattice (CSL) grain boundary, which is a typical grain boundary with low energy.