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조숙 대립 양질 다수성 식용 쌀귀리 "대양" (A New Naked Oat Cultivar for Human Food, "Daeyang" with High-Yielding and Good-Quality)

  • 한옥규;박형호;허화영;박태일;서재환;박기훈;김정곤;홍윤기;김대호
    • 한국육종학회지
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.56-60
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    • 2009
  • "대양"은 우리 나라에서 재배가 가능한 조숙 양질 다수성 쌀귀리 품종을 육성하고자 미국의 조숙성 쌀귀리 계통인 'LX446-1-84-Q1'을 모본, 대립 겉귀리 계통인 'SO92004-B-3-3-5-7'을 부본으로 인공 교배하여 계통육종법에 의해 계통을 선발한 후 2002년부터 생산력검정시험과 지역적응시험을 거쳐 2007년에 육성된 품종이다. 그 특성은 다음과 같다. 1. "대양"은 잎폭은 넓으며, 이삭형은 산수형이고, 종실은 길고 갈색이다. 2. "대양"은 재배지 3개년 평균 출수기가 5월 8일로서, 기존 육성된 '선양'과 유사하였다. 3. "대양"은 천립중이 30.3g으로 선양의 24.5g에 비해 5.8g 무거운 대립종이며, 지역적응시험에서의 평균 종실 수량은 4,180kg/ha으로 '선양'보다 20%나 많았다. 4. "대양"은 탈부율이 높고, 조단백질 함량은 11.2%, 베타 글루캔 함량은 4.6%로서 표준품종인 '선양'과 비슷하였다.

일본 모바일 게임 <퍼즐 앤 드래곤>의 성공요인 분석 (The Analysis of the Successful Factor of in Japanese Mobile Game)

  • 백재용;김영재
    • 만화애니메이션 연구
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    • 통권40호
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    • pp.367-395
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    • 2015
  • 스마트디바이스의 보급화 이후 게임 산업은 콘솔과 PC Online에서 모바일로 변화하였다. 특히, 스마트디바이스의 어플리케이션 다운로드 수와 매출을 확인해보면 80% 이상이 모바일 게임에 의해 발생되며 문화콘텐츠로서 게임의 위상이 높아져가고 있다. 스마트디바이스의 보급이후 가장 성공한 모바일 게임으로 일본의 퍼즐 앤 드래곤(Puzzle & Dragons)을 들 수 있다. 퍼즐 앤 드래곤은 2012년 일본 소프트뱅크자회사인 겅호 온라인 엔터테인먼트가 개발한 게임으로 출시 1년만인 2013년에 모바일 게임 최초로 1조원의 매출을 올렸다. 2015년에는 4천만 다운로드를 이루어 내며 세계 모바일 게임 매출순위에서도 2년 동안 1위와 2위를 차지했다. 특히 2013년부터 세계의 여러 모바일 게임콘텐츠에 영향을 주며 일본 게임산업의 부흥기를 다시 열었다. 반면 세계 모바일 게임 매출순위에서 아직까지 국내 게임은 찾을 볼 수 없다. 모바일 게임 시장이 매년 크게 증가하는 지금, 국내 모바일 게임만이 유사 콘테츠를 양산하며 게임 강대국의 위상을 잃고 세계에서 도태되고 있는 것이다. 이러한 국내의 실정에 의해 산업적으로나 학술적으로 성공한 게임의 성공요인 분석이 필요하게 되었다. 본 연구에서는 세계에서 가장 성공한 모바일 게임, 퍼즐 앤 드래곤의 성공요인을 분석하기 위해 비즈니스 모델인 K.Masanao의 수익창출구조 매트릭스를 활용했다. 퍼즐 앤 드래곤을 고객가치, 이익, 프로세스라는 세 가지 영역에 대입하고 누가, 무엇을 어떻게 라는 항목으로 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 다양한 연령층의 이용자 유입을 위해 퍼즐장르와 RPG장르를 융합한 새로운 형태의 장르를 개발하였으며 경쟁요소를 배제하고 협력위주의 싱글 게임으로 개발하였다. 둘째, 한정기간동안 유치되는 갓 페스티벌과 유명 콘텐츠와의 콜라보레이션을 활용한 캐릭터 뽑기 시스템을 도입해 이익을 창출하였다. 셋째, 이용자와의 지속적인 온 오프라인 소통을 통해 소비자의 니즈를 파악하고 게임에 도입하였다. 본 연구에서 도출된 퍼즐 앤 드래곤의 세 가지 성공요인은 국내 모바일 게임 산업에서 게임콘텐츠 제작 방안을 수립하는 데 기여하는 한편, 관련 연구와 이론적 지평을 확대한다는 점에서 산업적으로 학술적으로 중요한 의미를 가진다.

찰옥수수 자식계통 식미관련 특성 및 계통 분류 (Major Characteristics Related on Eating Quality and Classification of Inbred Lines of Waxy Corn)

  • 정태욱;김선림;문현귀;손범영;김시주;김순권
    • 한국작물학회지
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    • 제50권spc1호
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    • pp.161-166
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    • 2005
  • 작물과학원에서 육성한 찰옥수수 자식계통을 대상으로 농업적 형질 및 품질관련 특성 등을 분석하여 계통군화 시켜 교배 모, 부본의 기초 자료로 이용하고 품질육종의 효율성을 높이기 위한 연구결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 작물과학원에서 육성한 찰옥수수 64개 자식계통에 대해서 옥수수 낱알형태를 조사한 결과 백립중은 $11.7\~37.3g$,과 피두께 $11\~77mm$, 립장 $5.8\~9.6mm$, 립폭 $6.5\~10.0mm$, 립두께 $4.1\~6.8mm$의 분포를 나타내었다. 2. 이화학적 특성 분석에 있어서는 단백질 함량은 $8.7\~15.8\%$, 지방 $2.3\~5.8\%$, 유리당 $1.1\~11.0\%$, 아밀로펙틴 $78.5\~93.8\%$의 다양한 변이분포를 보였다. 3. 아밀로그램을 분석한 결과 초기호화온도는 $64.5\~79.1^{\circ}C$, 최고점도 $14.8\~221.8$ RVU, 최저점도 $12.2\~109.6$ RVU, 최종점도 $20.1\~212.6$ RVU였으며 강하점도는 $2.0\~l12.2$ RVU, 치반점도 $-81.3\~85.3$ RVU, 응집점도 $7.9\~105.0$ RVU로 나타났다. 4. Texture 분석을 한 결과 껌성 $91\~383$, 경도 $181\~394$, 씹힘성 $73\~370$의 범위에 속하였다. 5. 64개 자식계통을 대상으로 단백질 등 14개 형질을 이용하여 주성분 분석을 한 결과 제 1주성분은 단백질과 지방 함량이 높고 경도가 높은 것으로 나타나 주로 저식미 계통군으로 분류되며 백립중과 립장이 부의 값이어서 소립의 형태를 보였으며 제2주성분은 립장, 립폭, 백립중 등이 정의 값을 나타내어 대립의 계통군들이 포함되며 경도와는 부의 상관을 보여 식미가 양호한 계통군으로 분류되었다. 6. 제1주성분과 제2주성분을 이용하여 군집분석을 한 결과 8개 자식계통군으로 구분할 수 있었으며 scatter diagram에서 제1주성분이 작아지고 제2주성분이 커지는 좌측 상단부에 분포한 VII, VIII군에 속한 계통들이 주로 식미가 높으며 조숙종보다는 중, 만숙종들이 대부분 이였다.

국내 시판 묵은지의 이화학적 및 관능적 특성 (Physicochemical Characteristics and Sensory Properties of Commercial Mukeunji Products)

  • 허성원;고명신;김미란;이혜란;정서진;조미숙
    • 한국식품영양과학회지
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    • 제44권5호
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    • pp.702-708
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    • 2015
  • 숙성기간별 시판 묵은지와 일반 숙성 시판 배추김치의 품질 및 관능적 특성을 분석하여 묵은지의 품질규격 표준화와 개발에 기초 자료로 제공하고자 연구를 수행하였다. 분석 결과 pH의 경우 시판 묵은지는 3.69~4.22의 분포를 나타냈으며, 산도의 경우 2.94~1.71%의 범위를 보였다. 반면 시판 배추김치의 pH와 산도는 각각 pH 5.92와 0.28%로 시판 묵은지에 비해 pH는 높은 값을 보였고, 산도의 경우 낮은 값을 나타냈다. 또한 제조회사가 동일한 경우 숙성기간이 길어짐에 따라 pH는 감소한 반면 산도는 증가하였다. 시판 묵은지의 평균 염도는 2.22%를 나타내 시판 배추김치의 염도인 1.79% 보다 현저히 높은 염도를 나타냈으며 제조회사가 동일한 경우 저장기간이 길어질수록 염도는 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 전통적인 묵은지 제조방법에 있어서 장기저장으로 인한 연부 현상을 방지하기 위해 일반 김치의 1~1.5% 높게 담근다는 선행연구와 유사한 결과를 나타냈다. 색도의 경우 L(밝기), a(적색도), b(황색도) 값은 저장기간이 길어짐에 따라 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 시판 배추김치의 L값은 60.14로 시판 묵은지의 평균 L값인 37.09보다 현저히 큰 값을 나타냈다. 조직감의 경우 시판 묵은지의 강도와 두께 모두 숙성기간이 길어질수록 감소하였다. 묵은지의 강도는 2.11~3.43 kgf의 분포를 나타냈으며 시판 배추김치의 강도인 3.51 kgf와 비교하여 낮은 강도를 나타냈다. 두께의 경우 시판 배추김치는 7.64 mm로 시판 묵은지의 평균 두께인 5.34 mm와 비교하여 2.0 mm 이상 두꺼웠다. 환원당 함량은 제조회사가 동일한 경우 숙성기간이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 숙성기간이 3년이었던 H3 시료의 환원당 함량은 2.78 mg/mL로 시판 배추김치(13.11 mg/mL)와 비교하여 현저히 낮은 값을 보였다. 시판 묵은지의 유기산 분석 결과 acetic acid, lactic acid와 succinic acid가 검출되었다. Acetic acid와 succinic acid의 경우 제조회사가 동일한 경우 숙성기간이 증가할수록 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다. 반면 lactic acid의 경우 시판 배추김치에선 검출되지 않았으나 시판 묵은지 시료에선 평균 533.33 mg/100 g의 함량을 나타내며 숙성이 진행됨에 따라 급격하게 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 시판 묵은지 6종의 묘사 분석 결과 쓴맛을 제외한 모든 관능적 특성에서 시료 간 유의적인 차이를 나타냈다(P<0.05). 동일한 제조회사의 경우 숙성기간이 길어질수록 전반적 맛 강도가 유의적으로 증가하였다(P<0.05). 숙성기간이 길어짐에 따라 동일한 제조회사의 경우 쉰내, 신맛, 탄산감, 무른 정도와 같은 특성은 증가하는 경향을 보인 반면 단맛, 감칠맛, 탄산감, 배추 향미, 아삭한 정도, 단단한 정도와 같은 특성에선 감소하는 경향을 나타냈다.

종자내 아미노산 합성 조절 유전자에 관한 연구 (Amino Acid Biosynthesis and Gene Regulation in Seed)

  • 임용표;서미정;조수진;이정희;이효연
    • 한국식물학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 한국식물학회 1996년도 제10회 식물생명공학심포지움 고등식물 발생생물학의 최근 진보
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    • pp.61-74
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    • 1996
  • Human and monogastric animals can not synthesize 10 out of the 20 amino asids and therefor need to obtain these from their diet. The plant seed is a major source of dietary protein. It is particular important in their study to increase nutritional quality of the seed storage proteins. The low contents of lysine, asparagine and threonenein various cereal seeds and of cystein and methionine. In legume seeds is due to the low proportions of these amino acids in the major storage proteins, we have tried to apply the three strategies; (1) mutagenesis and selection of specific amino acid analogue resistance, (2) cloning and expression study of lysine biosynthesis related gene, (3) transfomation of lysine rich soybean glycinin gene. The 5-methyltryptophan (5MT) resistant cell lines, SAR1, SAR2 and SAR3 were selected from anther derived callus of rice (Oryza sativa L. "Sasanishiki"). Among these selected cell lines, two (SAR1 and SAR3) were able to grow stably at 200 mg/L of 5MT. Analysis of the freed amino acids in callus shows that 5MT resistant cells (SAR3) accumulated free tryptophan at least up to 50 times higher than those that of the higher than of SAS. These results indicated that the 5MT resistant cell lines are useful in studies of amino acid biosynthesis. Tr75, a rice (Oryza sativa L., var. Sasanishiki) mutant resistant to 5MT was segregated from the progenies of its initial mutant line, TR1. The 5MT resistant of TR75 was inherited in the M8 generations as a single dominant nuclear gene. The content of free amino acids in the TR75 homozygous seeds increased approximately 1.5 to 2.0 fold compared to wild-type seeds. Especially, the contents of tryptophan, phenylalanine and aspartic acid were 5.0, 5.3 and 2.7 times higher than those of wild-type seeds, respectively. The content of lysine is significantly low in rice. The lysine is synthesized by a complex pathway that is predominantly regulated by feedback inhibition of several enzymes including asparginase, aspatate kinase, dihydrodipicolinat synthase, etc. For understanding the regulation mechanism of lysine synthesis in rice, we try to clone the lysine biosynthetic metabolism related gene, DHPS and asparaginase, from rice. We have isolated a rice DHPS genomic clone which contains an ORF of 1044 nucleotides (347 amino acids, Mr. 38, 381 daltons), an intron of 587 nucleotides and 5'and 3'-flanking regions by screening of rice genomic DNA library. Deduced amino acid sequence of mature peptide domain of GDHPS clone is highly conserved in monocot and dicot plants whereas that of transit peptide domain is extremely different depending on plant specie. Southern blot analysis indicated that GDHPS is located two copy gene in rice genome. The transcripts of a rice GDHPS were expressed in leaves and roots but not detected in callus tissues. The transcription level of GDHPS is much higher in leaves indicating enormous chloroplast development than roots. Genomic DNA clones for asparaginase genes were screened from the rice genomic library by using plaque hybridization technique. Twelve different genomic clones were isolated from first and second screening, and 8 of 12 clones were analyzed by restriction patterns and identified by Southern Blotting, Restriction enzyme digestion patterns and Southern blot analysis of 8 clones show the different pattern for asparaginase gene. Genomic Southern blot analysis from rice were done. It is estimated that rice has at least 2-3 copy of asparaginase gene. One of 8 positive clones was subcloned into the pBluescript SK(+) vector, and was constructed the physical map. For transformation of lysine rich storage protein into tobacco, soybean glycinin genes are transformed into tobacco. To examine whether glycinin could be stably accumulated in endosperm tissue, the glycinin cDNA was transcriptionally fused to an endosperm-specific promotor of the rice storage protein glutelin gene and then introduced into tobacco genomic via Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Consequently the glycinin gene was expressed in a seed-and developmentally-specific manner in transgenic tobacco seeds. Glycinin were targeted to vacuole-derived protein bodies in the endosperm tissue and highly accumulated in the matrix region of many transgenic plant (1-4% of total seed proteins). Synthesized glycinin was processed into mature form, and assembled into a hexamer in a similar manner as the glycinin in soybean seed. Modified glycinin, in which 4 contiguous methionine residues were inserted at the variable regions corresponding to the C - teminal regions of the acidic and basic polypeptides, were also found to be accumulated similarly as in the normal glycinin. There was no apparent difference in the expression level, processing and targeting to protein bodies, or accumulation level between normal and modified glycinin. glycinin.

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노각나무 잎과 가지 추출물의 항산화 효과 (Antioxidant Effects of Stewartia koreana Nakai Leaves and Branch Extracts)

  • 김혜수;박민정;김수정;김부경;박준호;김대현;조수정
    • 생명과학회지
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    • 제31권2호
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    • pp.229-236
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    • 2021
  • 본 연구에서는 우리나라 고유 수종인 노각나무(Stewartia koreana)의 부위별 이용 가능성을 알아보기 위하여 노각나무 잎과 가지를 70% 에탄올에 침지한 다음 부위별 항산화 활성을 조사하였다. 노각나무 가지 추출물(53.18±0.2 mg GAEs/extract g)에 비해 잎 추출물(162.57±0.9 mg GAEs/extract g)의 총 폴리페놀 함량이 높게 나타났고 플라보노이드 함량도 가지(4.7±0.1 mg QEs/extract g)에 비해 잎(59.1±0.9 mg QEs/extract g)에서 높게 나타났다. 노각나무 추출물의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능과 ABTS 라디칼 소거 활성은 잎과 가지 모두 농도 의존적으로 증가하였으며 가지보다는 잎에서 높게 나타났다. 노각나무 추출물 0.4 mg/ml의 농도에서 잎과 가지의 DPPH 라디칼 소거능은 각각 91.85±0.01%, 29.93±0.2%였으며 노각나무 잎 추출물은 양성대조구로 사용한 ascorbic acid (1 mg/ml, 93.71±0.1%) 보다 낮은 농도에서 ascorbic acid와 유사한 DPPH 라디칼 소거능을 나타내었다. 노각나무 추출물 0.4 mg/ml의 농도에서 잎과 가지의 ABTS 라디칼 소거능은 각각 94.77±0.34%, 25.13±0.15%였다. 노각나무 잎과 가지의 ORAC 지수는 각각 104.13±0.48 μM TEs/extract g과 57.36±0.35 μM TEs/extract g으로 가지보다는 잎의 ORAC 지수가 더 높게 나타났다. 노각나무 추출물의 세포 독성은 WST-1 assay를 이용하여 추출물이 섬유아세포 CCD-986sk에 미치는 영향으로 평가하였다. 이상의 결과를 종합해보면, 노각나무 잎 추출물은 가지에 비해 항산화 활성 지표인 총 폴리페놀과 플라보노이드 함량이 높고 항산화 활성이 높기 때문에 노각나무 잎 추출물은 항산화 활성이 우수한 기능성 식의약품소재나 화장품 소재로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

산사태발생지(山沙汰發生地)와 피해위험지(被害危險地)의 환경학적(環境學的) 해석(解析)과 예방대책(豫防對策) -평창지구(平昌地區)를 중심(中心)으로- (Environmental Interpretation on soil mass movement spot and disaster dangerous site for precautionary measures -in Peong Chang Area-)

  • 마상규
    • 한국산림과학회지
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    • 제45권1호
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    • pp.11-25
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    • 1979
  • 1979년(年) 8월(月) 4일(日)과 5일(日)에 걸쳐 강원도 평창지구에 많은 사태(沙汰)가 발생된 바 있었다. 이 지역(地域)을 답사할 기회를 통해 산사태에 대한 조사연구(調査硏究)가 부족(不足)하고 예방대책(豫防對策)이 미약하다는 사실을 알게 되었다. 이에 현지답사시(現地踏査時) 얻었던 자료(資料)와 기 연구자들의 보고서 등을 참조로 하여 우리나라 산사태(山沙汰)의 발생조직과예방대책을 살펴본 결과는 다음과 같았다. 1. 지난 6년간(年間)의 자료(資料)로 1일(日)200mm이상(以上), 1시간당(時間當) 60mm이상(以上)의 호우지대(豪雨地帶)를 보면 횡성, 원주, 영동, 무주, 남원과 순천을 연결하는 서부지역과 경상남도의 남부해안지방(南部海岸地方)에 분포(分布)되 있다. 이 원인(原因)은 산맥(山脈)과 저기압(低氣壓)의 방향(方向)에 영향을 받은 것으로 사료(思料)된다. 2, 호우(豪雨)의 정점(頂點)의 분포(分布)는 야간에 나타나며 이 시점에서 산사태(山沙汰)를 일으키고 막대한 피해(被害)를 주는 것 같다. 3. 평창지역(平昌地域)의 산사태(山沙汰)는 화강암(花崗巖)의 조사질양토(粗砂質壤土)와 석회암(石灰巖) 정암(貞岩)의 점토질토양(粘土質土壤)에서 발생(發生)하며 토석류(土石流)는 기암면(基岩面)이나 석회암토양(石灰巖土壤)에서 나타나는 반시(盤尸)을 따라 일어나고 있었다. 4. 이들 암석(岩石)에서 유래한 토양(土壤)의 투수력(透水力)은 빠른 것 같으며 화강암토양(花崗巖土壤)은 토성(土性)의 영향으로 석회암토양(石灰岩土壤)은 토양구조(土壤構造), 폐식(廢植)의 높은 함량(含量)과 근계(根系)의 영향 때문이다. 5. 산사태발생(山沙汰發生)의 근원지의 지형(地形)은 대부분 곡두(谷頭)의 요형지(凹型地)와 산복 상부의 요형(凹型)지에서 나타나고 있다. 이는 유거수(流去水)의 집수력(集水力)때문인것 같고 이 지점의 토양단면(土壤斷面)을 보면 석회암지대(石灰岩地帶)는 혼연성토양(混淵性土壤), 화강암지대(花崗岩地帶)는 발(髮)한 심토호(深土戶)으로 되있다. 6. 산사태지(山沙汰地)의 경사도(傾斜度)는 대부분 $25^{\circ}$이상(以上)에서 나타났고 경사위치(傾斜位置)는 산복상부의 6~9부 능선에서 나타났다. 7. 산사태지(山沙汰地)의 식피(植被)는 대부분 화전(火田)경작지, 화전초지(火田草地), 화전조림지(火田造林地), 황폐지(荒廢地)의 불량임분(不良林分)과 미림목지(未林木地)이었다. 일부 성림지(成林地)(중경목지)에도 나타났으나 대개 표상(表上)에 암석시(岩石尸)이 있는 지역이다. 8. 산사태위험도(山沙汰危險度)는 몇가지 환경인자(環境因子)로 즉 식피(植被), 경사도(傾斜度), 경사형태(傾斜形態) 및 위치(位置), 기암(基岩)과 분포형태(分布形態), 토양단면(土壤斷面)의 특성(特性) 등(等)으로 추정이 가능할 것 같다. 9. 가옥피해(家屋被害)는 대부분 다음과 같은 지형(地形)에서 나타나고 있다. 충적추(沖積錐)와 선상지요형사면(扇狀地凹型斜面)의 산록, 곡간(谷間)이나 야계변(野溪邊)의 소단구(小段丘)와 붕적토지(崩積土地) 등(等)이다. 가옥피해위험지(家屋被害危險地)는 항공사진으로 가옥(家屋)주위의 지형상태(地形狀態)를 참고를 하면 판정(判定)이 가능할 것 같다. 10. 산사태(山沙汰)의 예방대책(豫防對策)으로 위험지(危險地)의 진단기술(診斷技術)의 개발(開發), 현지조사(現地調査)를 통해 가능한 조속(早速)히 예방사방(豫防砂防)이 이루어져야 할 것이다. 가옥(家屋)과 부락(部落)의 피해예방대책(被害豫防對策)이 수립(樹立) 실행(實行)하여야 되며 재해방비림(災害防備林)의 조성책(造成策)이 고려되어야 할 것이다. 11. 산사태(山沙汰)에 의한 가옥(家屋)과 부락(部落)의 피해위험도(被害危險度)를 판정(判定)하여 지도사업(指導事業)을 통해 알려 주어야 한다. 12. 사태위험지(沙汰危險地)의 계벌작업(階伐作業), 화전경작(火田耕作), 연료채취(燃料採取)를 철저히 금지(禁止)시키고 피해위험지(被害危險地)의 가옥(家屋)신축을 규제시켜야 될 것이다. 따라서 산림경영계획(山林經營計劃)의 편성시 산사태(山沙汰)여부 토양침식(土壤浸蝕)과 홍수문제(洪水問題)들이 고려되어야 하며 재해예방대책(災害豫防對策)이 포함되어야 할 것이다.

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현대회화에서 드러난 해체의 형식론에 관한 연구 -타의적 해체와 자의적 해체의 성격규정을 중심으로- (A study of the destructive styles from Contemporary Paintings - Focused on distinguishing enmity-destruction and self-destruction -)

  • 박기웅
    • 조형예술학연구
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    • 제7권
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    • pp.5-63
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    • 2005
  • Generally, the meanings of destruction are related in the meaning of demolition, breakdown, into fragments ... and so on, and the similar meanings are twist, crush, demolish, split, cut, into pieces , break up ... etc. Further, it has related in the cruelty and destructive heart which are linked with orgy, Sadism, Necrophilia and so on. The meanings are also expressed by the initial , which are deprivation, deface, defame, deform, degrade, delegitimize, denounce , deride, destroy, devalue, as well as debase, debunk, declaim, declassify, decry, delete, denigrate, deprecate, despise or detract ...and so on. Dario Gamboni has discussed the meaning in his book as two categories Iconoclasm and Vandalism. And the similar meanings could be found in the words which has the initial of , like abase, abate, abhor, abjure, abolish, abridge, abuse ...and so on. Even though the distinct meanings of Iconoclasm and Vandalism, it is not easy to distinguish clearly between the differences when the results are accomplished in contemporary paintings because of the similarity of the results. In korean vocabulary there are no similar words to distinguish between the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, and the deconstruction is not recorded in the general dictionaries. However the meaning of is diminishing, separation, contrast and so on. So the unification of the word as do-construction is not construct, minus construction, reverse construction. And Vincent Ditch explained that there are the meaning of destroy the text. From Jacques Derrida, the deconstruction strategy is to criticise the world of traditional metaphysics and logocentrism, and not to reconstruire the philosophical meaning of texts but $d\'{e}construire$ them. And Saussure emphasized that the signifers could have more meaning that there can be more signified in traditional texts in the art. as a result, deconstruction is explained that there are many signified meanings in a signifer. In this thesis , from using the meanings of destruction and deconstruction, to distinguish the expressive skills in contemporary art works are arising. Therefore, special methods which are linked in the destruction styles are selected. As a result, the two different purposes of destruction is arising, one is enmity destruction and the other is self destruction another word, auto destruction or destruction to create The enmity destruction can be distinguished by the two category Iconoclasm and Vandalism. They come from the moment of different historical aspect is arising and want to attack the Icon or masterpiece this concept is from the study of John Philips and especially iconoclasm is linked with religious and artistic heart, but Vandalism is come from the political attack. Sometime, this distinguish is not clearly arising, because the two aspects are co-related in the attack. As a result, firstly, the Iconoclastic controversy had arisen in the methods of Dadaism which has developed by Man Ray, Francis Picabia and Marcel Duchamp. They want to attack the pre-established master-pieces and painting spaces, and they had 'non-artistic attitude' not to be art. Since 1980, the German artist Anselm Kiefer adapted the methods and made them his special skills so he had tried to paint tough brush strokes and draw with hugh pallette image line and fire and water images , they can be the image attack as the Iconoclasm. secondly, the model of vandalism is to be done by hammer, drill, canon and so on. the method is to attack the content of painting. Further, the object of destruction is bound by cords and iron lings to demolish or to declare the authority of pre-statues; it symbolize the pre-authority is gone already. Self-destruction based paintings are clearly different in the purpose of approaching the art work. First of all, they can be auto-destruction, creative destruction and metamorphosis destruction, which is linked with the skill the material aspect and basic stature, and sign destruction or signifier destruction, which is link with the inner meaning destruction that is considered as the Semiotical destruction in post-modern paintings. Since 1960, the auto destruction is based on the method of firing, melting, grinding and similar skills, which is linked with Neo-Dada and reverse-assemblage. Metamorphosis destruction is strongly linked with the basic inner heart price and quality, so it can be resulted in the changedness of expectation and recognition. Tony Cragg has developed the skills to metamorphose the wood as stone or iron as cloth and stone as sponge and rubber and so on. The researcher has developed the same style in the series of since 2003. The other self-destructive methods are found in the skill of sign destruction. In the methods the meaning of the art is not fixed as one or two, but is developed multi-meaning and differ from original starting situation, so Jacques Derrida called the difference meaning in deconstruction. It is the destruction of textes. These methods are accomplished by David Salle, Francesco Clemente, and recently Tracy Emin, who has developed the attacking heart in the spectators' emotion. Sometime in the method of self-destruction, it is based on horror and shock, the method is explored by Demian Hirst and Jakes and Dinos Chapman. Their destructive styles stimulate ambivalent heart and destroy original sign of girl and animals.

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PMO 역량에 따른 프로젝트 성과에 관한 연구 (An Exploratory Study on the Project Performance by PMO Capability)

  • 배재권;김진화;김상열
    • Asia pacific journal of information systems
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.53-77
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    • 2008
  • In recent years, although numbers of corporations are bringing in PMO, they seem to be indifferent to PMO performance measurement. This demonstrates that there are also other reasons beside performance measurement of information systems (IS) project being ambiguous by introducing PMO; the lack of acknowledging the concrete function of PMO, and the scarcity of empirical study about the effect of PMO on the project members and project performance. In this sense, this study is aimed at proposing a new research model in which project success factors (i.e., standardization, management advocacy, and staff expertise) affect PMO capability (i.e., knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency) positively, leading to project performance (i.e., task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes) eventually. To empirically test the research model, data are surveyed from PMO department and IS department. To prove the validity of the proposed research model, PLS analysis is applied with valid 132 questionnaires. By employing PLS technique, the measurement reliability and validity of research variables are tested and the path analysis is conducted to do the hypothesis testing. The path analysis results can be organized into 7 ways in large scale. First, standardization of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency of PMO capabilities. The findings of this result indicate that the multiple or single project management should satisfy standardization in order to operate an effective PMO. Second, management advocacy of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency. Management advocacy refers to the willingness of management to provide the required resources and authority for project success. There is agreement among researchers regarding the importance of management advocacy for favorable PMO capability. Third, staff expertise of project success factors has a positive association with knowledge management, resources management, and problem solving competency. The findings of this result indicate that the formation of an exceptional consultant or members with a proficient knowledge for staff expertise of project member is the key factor to elevate the PMO capability. Past research suggests that experience and knowledge and the resultant familiarity with the problem faced can be an important determinant of PMO capability. A capable project with appropriate staff expertise means that it enjoys a diversity of abilities and experiences. Fourth, knowledge management competency of PMO capabilities has a positive impact on psychological outcomes but has no direct effect on task outcomes and organizational outcomes. In domestic case of S. Korea, PMO was finally introduced to many other corporations in 2005 though it started bringing in 2000. Therefore, it had neither a significant impact on the task outcomes nor organizational outcomes by lacking the contents and the infrastructure of the knowledge management because the knowledge consolidation and management period of PMO is comparatively shorter by terms than other foreign nations. Fifth, resources management competency of PMO capabilities has a positive association with task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes. In addition, problem solving competency of PMO capabilities has a positive association with task outcomes, psychological outcomes, and organizational outcomes. Therefore, the findings of this results stress that PMO capabilities has a positive impact on project performance. Sixth, according to the path analysis of the hypothesis, which suggested in this research, problem solving competency is the PMO capability which is the key success factor for task, psychological, and organizational outcomes as an integrated performance model. Further, the analysis reveals that problem solving competency is an important factor for integrated performance model. The finding is in line with past IS research, which affirms that the work of IS projects is essentially a problem solving endeavor. Seventh, in the path analysis of the hypothesis in this research, the path of the management advocacy $\rightarrow$ problem solving competency $\rightarrow$ organizational outcomes appears to be the most important and strongest path. In brief, the finding of this study suggests that project success factors influence PMO capability positively, and project performance as well. From the results, it can be concluded that PMO helped great improve the project success rate and project performance. This study advances research on PMO capability in three important aspects. First, the findings of our study have implications for IS theory and future research. Our study contributes to IS theory by synthesizing concepts from PMO research and project management research with those in IS research. We proposed and tested PMO capability of IS projects and the findings of our investigation provided some preliminary answers to some of the questions raised. Secondly, this thesis does not only help depicting the concept of IT governance but also approaches empirically. It makes a gradual approach to the main content, step by step, in contrary of simple standard, scholastic way of thinking. Finally, we argued that this task-oriented(technical) view is not sufficient to adequately conceptualize IS project performance. Hence, we applied that the research on organization teams, which provides a flip viewpoint to that of project management research in that it gives more weight for psychological outcomes of organizational work groups, can be very helpful in reconceptualizing the IS project performance construct. The limitations of this study are also discussed to provide research directions for future research.

로우터리 맥류파종기 경운날의 개량시험 (Improvement of Rotary Tine for Barley Seeder Attached to Rotary Tiller)

  • 김성래;김문규;김기대;허윤근
    • Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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    • 제4권1호
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    • pp.1-23
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    • 1979
  • The use of barley seeder attached to rotary tiller in the rural area has a significant meaning not only for the solution of labor peak season, but also for the increase of land utilization efficiency. The facts that presently being used barley seeders are all based on the mechanical principles of the reverse rotation, center drive and are all using forward rotating tine, which is used to be easily and heavily worn out when it rotates reversely, raise problem of recommending them to rural area in Korea. Therefore, the main objective of the study was to develop new type of rotary tine attachable to barley seeders. To attain the objective the following approaches were applied. (1) The kinematic analysis of reverse rotating barley seeders. (2) The studies on the soil bin and artificial soil. (3) The comparative experiment on the power requirement of prototype tine. The results obtained from the studies are summarized as follow: 1. The kinematic analysis of barley seeder attached to rotary tiller: The following results were obtained from the kinematic analysis for deriving general formulae of the motion and velocity characterizing the rotary tine of barley seeders presently being used by farmers. a) The position vector (P) of edge point (P) in the rotary tine of reverse rotating, center drive was obtained by the following formula. $$P=(vt+Rcos wt)i+Rsin wt j+ \{ Rcos \theta r sin \alpha cos (wt- \beta +\theta r) +Rsin \theta r sin \alpha sin (wt-\beta + \theta r) \} lk $$ b) The velocity of edge point $(P^')$ of reverse rotating, center drive rotary tine was obtained by the following formula. $$(P^')=(V-wR sin wt)i+(w\cdot Rcoswt)j + \{ -w\cdot Rcos \theta r\cdot sin \alpha \cdot sin (wt-\beta +\theta r) + w\cdot Rsin \theta r\cdot sin \alpha \cdot cos (wt- \beta + \theta r \} k $$ c) In order to reduce the power requirement of rotary tine, the angle between holder and edge point was desired to be reduced. d) In order to reduce the power requirement, the edge point of rotary tine should be moved from the angle at the begining of cutting to center line of machine, and the additional cutting width should be also reduced. 2. The studies on the soil bin and artificial soil: In order to measure the power requirement of various cutting tines under the same physical condition of soil, the indoor experiments Viere conducted by filling soil bin with artificially made soil similar to the common paddy soil and the results were as follows: a) When the rolling frequencies$(x)$ of the artificial soil were increased, the densIty$(Y)$ was also increased as follows: $$y=1.073200 +0.070780x - 0.002263x^2 (g/cm^3)$$ b) The absolute hardness $(Y)$ of soil had following relationship with the rolling frequencies$(x)$ and were increased as the rolling frequencies were increased. $$Y=37.74 - \frac {0.64 + 0.17x-0. 0054x^2} {(3.36-0.17x + 0.0054x^2)^3} (kg/cm^3)$$ c) The density of soil had significant effect on the cohesion and angle of internal friction of soil. For instance, the soil with density of 1.6 to 1.75 had equivalent density of sandy loam soil with 29.5% of natural soil moisture content. d) The coefficient of kinetiic friction of iron plate on artificial soil was 0.31 to 0.41 and was comparable with that of the natural soil. e) When the pulling speed of soil bin was the 2nd forward speed of power tiller, the rpm of driving shaft of rotary was similar to that of power tiller, soil bin apparatus is indicating the good indoor tester. 3. The comparative experiment on the power requirement of prototype tine of reverse rotating rotary: According to the preliminary test of rotary tine developed with various degrees of angle between holder and edge pcint due to the kinematic analysis, comparative test between prototype rotary tine with $30 ^\circ $ and $10 ^\circ$ of it and presently being used rotary tine was carried out 2nd the results were as follows: a) The total cutting torque was low when the angle between holder and edge point was reduced. b) $\theta r$ (angle between holder and edge point) of rotary tine seemed to be one: of the factors maximizing the increase of torque. c) As the angle between holder and edge point ($\theta r$) of rotary tine was $30 ^\circ $ rather than $45 ^\circ $, the angle of rotation during cutting soil was reduced and the total cutting torque was accordingly reduced about 10%, and the reduction efficiency of total cutting torque was low when the angle between holder and edge point ($\theta r$) of rotary tine was $10 ^\circ $, which indicates that the proper angle between holder and edge point of rotary tine should be larger than $10 ^\circ $ and smaller than $30 ^\circ $ . From above results, it could be concluded that the use of the prototype rotary tine which reduced the angle between holder and edge point to $30 ^\circ $, insted of $45 ^\circ $, is disirable not only decreasing the power requirements, but also increasing the durabie hour of it. Also forward researches are needed, WIlich determine the optimum tilted angle of rotary brocket, and rearrangement of the rotary tine on the rotary boss.

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