• 한국건설안전학회 논문집
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.47-56
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• 2018

본 논문에서는 고소작업에 가장 널리 사용되고 있는 차량 탑승형 고소작업대의 재해사례분석을 통해 예방대책을 제안하였다. 높은 위치에서의 고소작업은 사고가 발생한 경우 치명적인 인명사고로 이어지기 때문에 이에 대한 안전 대책이 더욱 절실하다. 이에 고소작업 중 발생하는 여러 가지 유형의 사고에 대한 원인을 분석하여 유형별 안전대책을 제시하고, 나아가 사고를 줄일 수 있도록 관련법규의 제정 또는 개정안을 제안하였다. 본 논문에서는 고소작업대의 사고유형을 크게 4가지로 분류하였다. 첫째 와이어로프 구동시스템 불량, 둘째 허용 작업반경 초과로 인한 전도 및 붐 파손, 셋째 턴테이블 불량, 넷째 아우트리거 불량으로서, 가 유형별 사고사례를 분석하고 안전대책을 제시하고, 현행 규정상 고소작업대의 운전 조종에 관한 아무런 규정이 없어서 고소작업대의 운전 조종에 관한 교육 및 자격증 신설을 제시하였다. 그리고 증가하고 있는 안전사고의 예방을 위해 고소작업대의 안전인증 및 안전검사 기준을 강화하는 정책에 발맞추어 법규 개정을 위한 기초자료를 제시하고자 하였다. 본 연구 결과가 실무에 적용된다면 고소작업대로 인한 사고를 크게 줄일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권9호
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• pp.1458-1468
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• 2019

Objective: As one of the most important metabolic organs, the liver plays vital roles in modulating the lipid metabolism. This study was to compare miRNA expression profiles of the Large White liver between two different developmental periods and to identify candidate miRNAs for lipid metabolism. Methods: Eight liver samples were collected from White Large of 70-day fetus (P70) and of 70-day piglets (D70) (with 4 biological repeats at each development period) to construct sRNA libraries. Then the eight prepared sRNA libraries were sequenced using Illumina next-generation sequencing technology on HiSeq 2500 platform. Results: As a result, we obtained 346 known and 187 novel miRNAs. Compared with the D70, 55 down- and 61 up-regulated miRNAs were shown to be significantly differentially expressed (DE). Gene ontology and Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes enrichment analysis indicated that these DE miRNAs were mainly involved in growth, development and diverse metabolic processes. They were predicted to regulate lipid metabolism through adipocytokine signaling pathway, mitogen-activated protein kinase, AMP-activated protein kinase, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase/protein kinase B, and Notch signaling pathway. The four most abundantly expressed miRNAs were miR-122, miR-26a and miR-30a-5p (miR-122 only in P70), which play important roles in lipid metabolism. Integration analysis (details of mRNAs sequencing data were shown in another unpublished paper) revealed that many target genes of the DE miRNAs (miR-181b, miR-145-5p, miR-199a-5p, and miR-98) might be critical regulators in lipid metabolic process, including acyl-CoA synthetase long chain family member 4, ATP-binding casette A4, and stearyl-CoA desaturase. Thus, these miRNAs were the promising candidates for lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Our study provides the main differences in the Large White at miRNA level between two different developmental stages. It supplies a valuable database for the further function and mechanism elucidation of miRNAs in porcine liver development and lipid metabolism.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.219-227
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• 2019

본 연구는 계량정보학 네트워크 분석을 중심으로 블록체인 분야의 한국 연구자의 학술연구 동향을 계량학적 시각으로 살펴보고자 하였다. 데이터는 2009년부터 2018년까지 KCI와 NTIS, WoS 및 Scopus에 등재된 블록체인 논문으로 선정하였다. 계량정보학 연구방법으로 논문 발행, 연구의 분야, 공저자, 단어분석을 수행했다. 분석결과, 2017년부터 논문 수가 급증하였으며 공저자 네트워크 형성의 초기단계를 보였다. 논문제목에 많이 사용된 단어는 응용발전과 쟁점 및 기술개발과 관련된 단어들이 주로 나타났다. 또한 국내논문연구 분야는 사회과학 주제가 가장 많은 반면에 국제논문연구는 공학 주제가 가장 많았다. 시기별 분석결과는 한국학자들의 블록체인 3.0 연구는 2017년 시작되었고 2018년 빠르게 늘고 있다. 논문 피인용 수는 발행연도와 관련이 있었지만, 공저자 수와는 무관하였다. 이러한 계량정보학적 동향을 살펴봄으로써 블록체인 분야의 발전에 유용한 기초자료가 될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. 향후연구는 블록체인 분야의 세계범위 지적 구조와 특징이 더욱 명확하게 드러날 것으로 기대한다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.14-22
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of the study was to find a possible association between the ${\beta}-$ and ${\kappa}-casein$ and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ genotypes and important milk physiochemical and technological characteristics such as acidity, alcohol stability, the contents of some minerals and the parameters of acid fermentation ability (FEA) in Czech Fleckvieh Cattle. Methods: Milk and blood samples were collected from 338 primiparous Czech Fleckvieh cows at the same stage of lactation. The genotypes of individual cows for ${\kappa}-casein$ (alleles A, B, and E) and ${\beta}-lactoglobulin$ (alleles A and B) were ascertained by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism, while their ${\beta}-casein$ (alleles $A^1$, $A^2$, $A^3$, and B) genotype was determined using melting curve genotyping analysis. The data collected were i) milk traits including active acidity (pH), titratable acidity (TA), alcohol stability (AS); calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), sodium (Na), magnesium (Mg), and potassium (K) contents; and ii) yoghurt traits including active acidity (Y-pH), titratable acidity (Y-TA), and the counts of both Lactobacilli and Streptococci in 1 mL of yoghurt. A linear model was assumed with fixed effects of herd, year, and season of calving, an effect of the age of the cow at first calving and effects of the casein and lactoglobulin genotypes of ${\beta}-CN$ (${\beta}-casein$, CSN2), ${\kappa}-CN$ (${\kappa}-casein$, CSN3), and ${\beta}-LG$ (${\beta}-lactoglobulin$, LGB), or the three-way interaction between those genes. Results: The genetic polymorphisms were related to the milk TA, AS, content of P and Ca, Y-pH and Lactobacilli number in the fresh yoghurt. The CSN3 genotype was significantly associated with milk AS (p<0.05). The effect of the composite CSN2-CSN3-LGB genotype on the investigated traits mostly reflected the effects of the individual genes. It significantly influenced TA (p<0.01), Y-pH (p<0.05) and the log of the Lactobacilli count (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that the yoghurt fermentation test together with milk proteins genotyping could contribute to milk quality control and highlight new perspectives in dairy cattle selection.

• 기술혁신연구
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.37-71
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• 2019

승용차의 아키텍처는 어떻게 진화해왔는가? 그간 승용차 아키텍처에 대한 논의는 통합형, 모듈형, 그리고 두 유형의 공존 등이 혼재되어 왔다. 이에 따라 본 연구에서는 글로벌 무역 자료를 활용하여 제품의 중층 구조를 반영한 모듈화의 진전 측정 지수를 개발하고, 이를 아키텍처 유형 프레임워크에 적용하여 승용차 아키텍처의 모듈화 진행을 종단적으로 분석하였다. 분석결과 승용차 아키텍처는 지난 2000년 이후 모듈화가 지속적으로 진행되었음을 확인하였으며, 동시에 모듈화 진행은 구성 모듈 별로 상이한 것으로 나타났다. 모듈 중에는 프론트-엔드, 운전석 및 시트 모듈의 모듈화 진행이 뚜렷함을 확인된 반면, 차체 도어 천장 모듈은 소비자 니즈 충족을 위한 외부 디자인 차별화 및 완성차와 모듈업체 간 상호 조율강화로 인해 모듈화가 더디게 진행됨을 관찰하였다. 또한 샤시, 엔진, 그리고 트랜스미션 모듈로 구성된 플랫폼은 모델 다양화, 생산 원가 절감, 신제품 개발 기간 단축을 위한 완성차 업계의 지속적인 노력에 따라 모듈화가 지속 진전됨을 확인하였다. 플랫폼 구성 모듈 중에서는 트랜스미션의 모듈화 진전이 가장 두드러진 반면 샤시와 엔진 모듈은 완성차 업체의 자체 혁신 노력으로 인해 비교적 통합형 아키텍처 경향이 강한 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구는 제품 아키텍처의 모듈화를 계량적으로 측정, 그 진행을 종단적으로 측정할 수 있는 접근법을 제시하는데 기여하였다. 또한 모듈 별 상이한 모듈화 진전에 대한 고찰을 통해 관련 연구의 분석 수준의 세분화 필요성을 제안하였다. 아울러 본 연구는 승용차 산업 전반에서 일어나고 있는 아키텍처 모듈화 진전 현상을 규명함으로써 완성차 업체 뿐 아니라 모듈 업체의 아키텍처 선택과 그에 따른 전략 수립의 가이드라인을 제시하였다. 본 연구가 다양한 제조업과 그 제품의 모듈화 진전을 규명하는데 활용되기를 기대한다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.263-275
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• 2022

There is a paucity of detailed data related to the effect of senescence on the mitochondrial antioxidant capacity and redox state of senescent human cells. Activities of TCA cycle enzymes, respiratory chain complexes, hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂), superoxide anions (SA), lipid peroxides (LPO), protein carbonyl content (PCC), thioredoxin reductase 2 (TrxR2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPx1), glutathione reductase (GR), reduced glutathione (GSH), and oxidized glutathione (GSSG), along with levels of nicotinamide cofactors and ATP content were measured in young and senescent human foreskin fibroblasts. Primary and senescent cultures were biochemically identified by monitoring the augmented cellular activities of key glycolytic enzymes including phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, and glycogen phosphorylase, and accumulation of H₂O₂, SA, LPO, PCC, and GSSG. Citrate synthase, aconitase, α-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase, succinate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and complex I-III, II-III, and IV activities were significantly diminished in P25 and P35 cells compared to P5 cells. This was accompanied by significant accumulation of mitochondrial H₂O₂, SA, LPO, and PCC, along with increased transcriptional and enzymatic activities of TrxR2, SOD2, GPx1, and GR. Notably, the GSH/GSSG ratio was significantly reduced whereas NAD⁺/NADH and NADP⁺/NADPH ratios were significantly elevated. Metabolic exhaustion was also evident in senescent cells underscored by the severely diminished ATP/ADP ratio. Profound oxidative stress may contribute, at least in part, to senescence pointing at a potential protective role of antioxidants in aging-associated disease.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.33-45
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Ginseng extract (GSE) and taurine (TR) are widely used antifatigue resources in functional foods. However, the mechanism underlying the antifatigue effects of GSE and TR are still unclear. Hence, we investigated whether GSE and TR have synergistic effects against fatigue in mice. MATERIALS/METHODS: L6 cells were treated with different concentrations of TR and GSE, and cell viability was determined using 2-(4-iodophenyl)-3-(4-nitrophenyl)-5-(2,4-disulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium. Oxidative stress was analyzed by immunocytochemistry using MitoTracker^TM Red FM and an anti-8-oxoguanine antibody. Respiratory gas analysis was performed to investigate metabolism. Expression of an activated protein kinase was analyzed using immunohistochemistry. Gene expression of cluster of differentiation 36 and pyruvate dehydrogenase lipoamide kinase isozyme 4 was measured using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Mice were orally administered TR, GSE, or their combination for 30 days, and then fatigue-related parameters, including lactate, blood urea nitrogen, and glycogen, were measured after forced swimming. RESULTS: TR and GSE reduced oxidative stress levels in hydrogen peroxide-stimulated L6 cells and enhanced the oxygen uptake and lipid metabolism in mice after acute exercise. After oral administration of TR or GSE for 30 days, the fatigue-related parameters did not change in mice. However, the mice administered GSE (400 mg/kg/day) alone for 30 days could swim longer than those from the other groups. Further, no synergistic effect was observed after the swimming exercise in mice treated with the TR and GSE combination for 30 days. CONCLUSIONS: Taken together, our data suggest that TR and GSE may exert antifatigue effects in mice after acute exercise by enhancing oxygen uptake and lipid oxidation.

• Animal Bioscience
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.281-289
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• 2022

Objective: The aim of this study was to characterize the exopolysaccharides (EPS)-producing lactic acid bacteria from Taiwanese ropy fermented milk (TRFM) for developing a clean label low-fat fermented milk. Methods: Potential isolates from TRFM were selected based on the Gram staining test and observation of turbid suspension in the culture broth. Random amplified polymorphic DNA-polymerase chain reaction, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and API CHL 50 test were used for strain identification. After evaluation of EPS concentration, target strains were introduced to low-fat milk fermentation for 24 h. Fermentation characters were checked: pH value, acidity, viable count, syneresis, and viscosity. Sensory evaluation of fermented products was carried out by 30 volunteers, while the storage test was performed for 21 days at 4℃. Results: Two EPS-producing strains (APL15 and APL16) were isolated from TRFM and identified as Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis subsp. cremoris. Their EPS concentrations in glucose and lactose media were higher than other published strains of Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris. Low-fat fermented milk separately prepared with APL15 and APL16 reached pH 4.3 and acidity 0.8% with a viable count of 9 log colony-forming units/mL. The physical properties of both products were superior to the control yogurt, showing significant improvements in syneresis and viscosity (p<0.05). Our low-fat products had appropriate sensory scores in appearance and texture according to sensory evaluation. Although decreasing viable cells of strains during the 21-day storage test, low-fat fermented milk made by APL15 exhibited stable physicochemical properties, including pH value, acidity, syneresis and sufficient viable cells throughout the storage period. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Lc. lactis subsp. cremoris APL15 isolated from TRFM had good fermentation abilities to produce low-fat fermented milk. These data indicate that EPS-producing lactic acid bacteria have great potential to act as natural food stabilizers for low-fat fermented milk.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제47권2호
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• pp.337-346
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• 2023

Background: Ginsenoside Rb2, a major active component of Panax ginseng, has various physiological activities, including anticancer and anti-inflammatory effects. However, the mechanisms underlying the rejuvenation effect of Rb2 in human skin cells have not been elucidated. Methods: We performed a senescence-associated β-galactosidase staining assay to confirm cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). The regulatory effects of Rb2 on autophagy were evaluated by analyzing the expression of autophagy marker proteins, such as microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain (LC) 3 and p62, using immunoblotting. Autophagosome and autolysosome formation was monitored using transmission electron microscopy. Autophagic flux was analyzed using tandem-labeled GFP-RFP-LC3, and lysosomal function was assessed with Lysotracker. We performed RNA sequencing to identify potential target genes related to HDF rejuvenation mediated by Rb2. To verify the functions of the target genes, we silenced them using shRNAs. Results: Rb2 decreased β-galactosidase activity and altered the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins in senescent HDFs. Rb2 markedly induced the conversion of LC3-I to LC3-II and LC3 puncta. Moreover, Rb2 increased lysosomal function and red puncta in tandem-labeled GFP-RFP-LC3, which indicate that Rb2 promoted autophagic flux. RNA sequencing data showed that the expression of DNA damage-regulated autophagy modulator 2 (DRAM2) was induced by Rb2. In autophagy signaling, Rb2 activated the AMPK-ULK1 pathway and inactivated mTOR. DRAM2 knockdown inhibited autophagy and Rb2-restored cellular senescence. Conclusion: Rb2 reverses cellular senescence by activating autophagy via the AMPK-mTOR pathway and induction of DRAM2, suggesting that Rb2 might have potential value as an antiaging agent.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.44-52
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• 2023

Objective: The DNA integrity of spermatozoa that attach to fallopian tube (FT) cells is higher than spermatozoa that do not attach. FT epithelial cells can distinguish normal and abnormal sperm chromatin. This study investigated the effects of sperm with a high-DNA fragmentation index (DFI) from men with unexplained repeated implantation failure (RIF) on the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway in human FT cells in vitro. Methods: Ten men with a RIF history and high-DFI and 10 healthy donors with low-DFI comprised the high-DFI (>30%) and control (<30%) groups, respectively. After fresh semen preparation, sperm were co-cultured with a human FT epithelial cell line (OE-E6/E7) for 24 hours. RNA was extracted from the cell line and the human innate and adaptive immune responses were tested using an RT2 profiler polymerase chain reaction (PCR) array. Results: The PCR array data showed significantly higher TLR-1, TLR-2, TLR-3, TLR-6, interleukin 1α (IL-1α), IL-1β, IL-6, IL-12, interferon α (IFN-α), IFN-β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), CXCL8, GM-CSF, G-CSF, CD14, ELK1, IRAK1, IRAK2, IRAK4, IRF1, IRF3, LY96, MAP2K3, MAP2K4, MAP3K7, MAP4K4, MAPK8, MAPK8IP3, MYD88, NFKB1, NFKB2, REL, TIRAP, and TRAF6 expression in the high-DFI group than in the control group. These factors are all involved in the TLR-MyD88 signaling pathway. Conclusion: The MyD88-dependent pathway through TLR-1, TLR-2, and TLR-6 activation may be one of the main inflammatory pathways activated by high-DFI sperm from men with RIF. Following activation of this pathway, epithelial cells produce inflammatory cytokines, resulting in neutrophil infiltration, activation, phagocytosis, neutrophil extracellular trap formation, and apoptosis.