• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.341-366
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• 2013

The term, Mittelstand, has no exact english translation for the definition, but, today, Mittelstand refers to small and medium-sized enterprises(SME), mostly family-owned firms in Germany. The Mittelstand is called the backbone of the German economy because it drove the economic miracle after World War II. During the global recession and the euro zone's debt crisis in recent years, in which european businesses have faced the near-collapse of competitiveness particularly in manufacturing, the German exports are booming and exceeded exports of China in 2012. Most importantly, the Germany economic performance has been widely attributed to the strength of the Mittelstand. Many of countries, even some leading public companies are seeking to emulate the success of the Mittelstand. Investors evaluate that many of Germany's investable "hidden champions" are Mittelstand companies. The purpose of this study is to present some of answers to the following questions: Firstly, what makes the German Mittelstand so successful? Secondly, what does the success of the German Mittelstand mean for the Korean SMEs in global competitiveness? Thirdly, what Korean government has to do improve the global competitiveness of the Korean SMEs? Some discussions in this study mention the managerial implications for Korean exporting SMEs particularly in manufacturing. Several factors that account for the success of the German Mittelstand are technological excellence and the tradition of family-owned management, concentration on niche market and globalization, and institutional supports. There are some of important lessons to be learned from the German Mittelstand. If the purposes of Korean SMEs want to remain in the sustainable competitive advantage and withstand unforeseen economic turbulences in the future, they must be able to meet the followings: 1) Technology that meets the global standard or exceeding it 2) Competitiveness in price in the global market 3) Active involvement in the globalization process, utilizing various entry modes Innovative products at globally competitive price are a crucial point for Korean exporting SMEs to achieve their competitive edge over others in the target markets abroad. It is time for Korean SMEs to cultivate a core competence in manufacturing in order to position Korea as a global manufacturing hub with SMEs leading.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.44
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• pp.255-279
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• 2016

Ignominy are ashamed or that mind. It is noted that this article 'shame[恥]' will do for obtaining the social dynamics in some way in the literary aspect. To investigate this aspect, this article took the text produced on the basis of 'shame[恥]' to be analyzed. First, through the Sayuksin[死六臣]'s Sijo[時調], 'Shame[恥]' they have confirmed the room to go to form a sympathy by revealing without hidden. It is worth evaluating in common with these Sijo is that of justice or loyalty. But the parameters of evaluation described what people are rare. In this article, I saw the parameter to 'shame[恥]'. Second, through the Sijo created in the war of the middle age of Chosun Dynasty, I examined the aspect of 'anger' which sparked a shame[恥]. Thus shame[恥] is hard to change the world directly. However, the possibility that it can also be a psychological instrument was found to be sufficient. In conclusion, 'shame[恥]' is clearly greater tendency to dismiss as a private act of the heart. But, I understood that the negative region of 'shame[恥]' can be converted to positive region. At this time, The premise of 'shame[恥]' should always be oriented to justice.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.555-561
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• 2020

TWIK-related two-pore domain K⁺ channel-2 (TREK-2) has voltage-independent activity and shows additional activation by acidic intracellular pH (pH_i) via neutralizing the E³³² in the cytoplasmic C terminal (Ct). We reported opposite regulations of TREK-2 by phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP₂) via the alkaline K³³⁰ and triple Arg residues (R^355-357); inhibition and activation, respectively. The G³³⁴ between them appeared critical because its mutation (G³³⁴A) endowed hTREK-2 with tonic activity, similar to the mutation of the inhibitory K³³⁰ (K³³⁰A). To further elucidate the role of putative bent conformation at G³³⁴, we compared the dual mutation forms, K³³⁰A/G³³⁴A and G³³⁴A/R^355-7A, showing higher and lower basal activity, respectively. The results suggested that the tonic activity of G³³⁴A owes to a dominant influence from R^355-7. Since there are additional triple Arg residues (R^377-9) distal to R^355-7, we also examined the triple mutant (G³³⁴A/R^355-7A/R^377-9A) that showed tonic inhibition same with G³³⁴A/R^355-7A. Despite the state of tonic inhibition, the activation by acidic pH_i was preserved in both G³³⁴A/R^355-7A and G³³⁴A/R^355-7A/R^377-9A, similar to the R^355-7A. Also, the inhibitory effect of ATP could be commonly demonstrated under the activation by acidic pH_i in R^355-7A, G³³⁴A/R^355-7A, and G³³⁴A/R^355-7A/R^377-9A. These results suggest that the putative bent conformation at G³³⁴ is important to set the tug-of-war between K³³⁰ and R^355-7 in the PIP₂-dependent regulation of TREK-2.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.65-72
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• 1996

Colloidal calcium wrbonate(diametcr 0.02-0 09 m~wja s developed to maintain the mamenl of pnriide formatio~>w ~lhoutsurlace trealment. The control factors of particle size and optimum condiliuna for compound fam*tition has not bccn studiedyet. This shldy war aimed at developing a method fur compounding colloidal calcium carbonfcte to cnl~hol cubic calciumcarbonate, and then compounding the b-o types oI precipitated calcium wrbonatc under optimum wndilrans Calc~umhydroxide was calcinated at 1, lWC far two hours, md then hydrated for 30 minutes at t i i O rprn and ambiznt temperahlle.Two-liter suspension was subjected to the contact with carbon dioxide at l5"C, 600 ipxn and C0= injection in the rate of 1 Umin Two types of dcium carbonate(cuhic calcium carbonatc(0 24.9 pm) md collnidd calcium mhnnate (0.02-0 09 pm))were compounded by "wing the concentrations of calcium oxide and ihe suspension were compounded. It was found that theoptimum concentrations of each suspensions were 5 wt % and 2.5 \I*.% respectively. ' h c key control factor af thc parlicle slzcdislribution was the concenkation al the suspension. The size of compounded particles was measured by a Zcla S k r 'fieaverage particle size of the cubic calcium carbonate aas 223.4 nm(0.223 pm), and that of thc colloidal a~lciumc arbonate was93.6 nm (0.093 km). Ihe particle sizc was evenly cantlolled on a stdblc basis in an H, O reaction system.asis in an H, O reaction system.

• Cartoon and Animation Studies
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• s.39
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• pp.157-182
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• 2015

Mr. Folman, an Israeli director, used a highly stylized form of animation in a decidedly adult way to make his documentary about the 1982 war in Lebanon, "Waltz With Bashir," in 2008. After 5 years, he has used another distinctive approach, fusing animation with live action in his latest film, a trippy and surreal undertaking called "The Congress." He dismantled the means through parodies, the core of post-modernism art and built a new meaning to create a unique world view and unique aesthetics. In this study, parodies of the modern concept of post-modernism being used as a major strategy in the creation of art have appeared the four characteristics of post-modern parody: 1) intertextuality, 2) dissolution and fusion of genres, and 3) strengthening of irony, and 4) pastiche. This study is characteristic of post-modern parody that discusses the relevance of contemporary parody and postmodernism being developed by analyzing how they appear on the practical work. Furthermore, through analysis of "The Congress", this study discusses the post-modernist world view and the creative way of creating an experimental art with parody.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.149-156
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• 2005

The HLA is the simulation architecture standard that the civilian and military simulation communities are deeply interested in. We can find various successful practices applying HLA to constructive simulations such as war games in domestics and overseas. However, any case of real-time distributed simulations has not been reported. The reason is that a message transmission period via RTI in a network layer varies according to computing power, simulation nodes, transmission types, and packet size; further a message processing time in an application layer depends on its processing methods, thus too difficult to set up real-time constraints for the enhancement of a real-time resolution. Hence, in this paper we have studied the real-time constraints of RTI for the development of the M-SAM simulator. Thus we have developed a HLA based pilot simulator using 6 PC's in LAN and then measured and analysed the performance of the RTI. As the results of our work, we could obtain the quantitative values for message delay, RTI overhead and RTI packet transmission ratio by a real operation scenario and loads, which are not shown in the previous works. We also expect that the results can be used as a guideline to set up the number of targets, transmission frequency and message processing method in the development of the M-SAM simulator and similar applications.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.16
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• pp.229-241
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• 2008

he guarding system of the "Choson" era is completed by the Gyeongguk-daejeon(an administrative canon) at the kings "Sejong" and "Yejong", and it is supplemented at the King "Seongjong". "Geum-gun" is composed of "Naegeum-wi", "Gyeombok-sa", "Wirim-wi" and "Jeongro-wi" in the period before the Japanese Aggression of Korea in 1952, and in the period after the aggression war, the organization of the "Geum-gun" is changed repeatedly according to circumstances in the period after the aggression. They("Geum-gun") devote themselves to the protection of kings and the capital defense in the first period of the "Choson" era. The most important change of the "Geum-gun" is the practice of five military units system, three military units of them, "Hunryeon-dogam", "Eoyeong-cheong" and "Geumwi-yeong", take charge of the guard of kings and the capital defense, and "Chongyung-cheong" and "Sueo-cheong" take charge of the defense of the outer areas of the capital region with key positions located at "Namhan-sanseong" and "Bukhan-sanseong"(mountain fortress Walls). The function of the "Geum-gun" is extended through the aggressions, therefore the number of soldiers is increased greatly. The guarding system for the country and its royal family is frequently changed according to the improvement of the people's position with themselves-awakening and their understanding of realities. The reorganization of the "Geum-gun" including "Howi-cheong", "Geumgun-cheong", "Sukwi-so" and "Jangyong-yeong" is unavoidable to strengthen the royal rights that are weaken by deposing the king "Injo". The standing of the existing organizations is changed many times with financial problems. The enthronement of the king "Jeongjo" is a great epoch in the change of the guarding system.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.42 no.6
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• pp.807-812
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• 2009

The late Professor Lee CB (1915~1967) was one of the pioneers in the early stages of thoracic surgery in Korea while he was in charge of the Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery at Seoul National University hospital as the first director from 1957 until he died of liver cancer in 1967. He was a graduate from the old Seoul National University, and he dedicated himself to the field of lung surgery after he joined the army during the Korean War, which broke out in 1950. Among his many contributions to pulmonary surgery, he performed the first partial lung resection in Korea in 1953. His lecture notes were recently found. These lecture notes for medical students were written by hand in late 1950s, Considering the content and form of the lecture notes, they are thought to have very significant historical value. The lecture notes were a total of 277 pages on general thoracic surgery and cardiovascular surgery with 75 self-drawn figures. This study was intended to facilitate a better understanding of the history of thoracic surgery in Korea, and especially for young thoracic surgeons. These notes may well contribute to the field of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.278-284
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• 2018

This study is for species identification for each structure member such as Pillar, Bo, Changbang, Dori, Jangyeo, Judu, Donjaju, Chunyeo, Guitle, and Jongdae, of Pungnammun Gate (Treasure 308). Jeonju is the birthplace of Joseon Dynasty and Pungnammun Gate was the southern gate of old Jeonjueupseong which was walled town. Provincial Governor of Koryeo Dynasty, Yu Gyeong Choi built Jeonjubuseong and four gates at all cardinal points in 1388. And the gate was burnt down by Jeongyujaeran (war with Japan in 1597). It was rebuilt by King Yeongjo (Joseon Dynasty) in 1734 and renamed 'Pungnammun' after 34 years. It was designated for Treasure 308 for its unique style of architecture and historic values in 1963. In this study, all of wooden structure members were Pinus spp.. This result was matched for the result of major species for wooden building of late Joseon Dynasty. It can be used to complete database for architecture of Castle's Gate and help for restoration of cultural heritage in the future.

• Journal of The Geomorphological Association of Korea
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.31-49
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• 2012

Satae cheon, a tributary of the Suip cheon in Yanggu, Gangwon province, is an international river extended to North Korea. Most of drainage basin area of the river was the fierce battle field during the Korean War(1950-1953) and hard to access as it located between the MDL(Military Demarcation Line) and the CCZ(Civilian Control Zone: about 10km south from MDL). By the restriction of access to the sites, most of natural landscape have been well conserved except limited use for military activities. Even the landfoms in that area were not studied, except the government's heritage reports. Satae Cheon's channel follows the Imdang fault line(N-S) to Satae-ri and flow to west to the Dutayeon area. The river meanders along geological structure or weak line at the Dutayeon area. The meandering channel was shorten by the meander cut which linked the thalweg line of meander loop ant the meander neck. As a result of this cut, the river cliff formed by the Satae cheon became the part of newly formed channel bed and the S-forms are formed. After the channel route stabilized, channel incised the rock with large potholes and undulating walls were formed. The channel width changes from 1m to 10m with restriction of the undulating walls, so this part can be regarded as inner channel or inner gorge. From the point of planar forms it also can be slot-type canyon.