• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.73-78
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• 2001

Hair will be persuit of beautifulness of human being in various permanent wave by many kinds of its drugs. Skin is based upon the hair which enroll the body of high living animals and have multiple membrane structure In this study used rat the effects of commercial permanent wave products to skin which are composed with L- cysteine and bases Results are as follow: the content of penetration 4 hors later with steady state and no significant changeable after 20 hours later. In cysteine groups, lag time and permeability coefficient of healthy skin is 2.22hr and 0.13$\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ hr, lag time and permeability coefficient of old skin is 4.01 hr and 0.108 $\mu\textrm{g}$/㎥ hr . In conclusion of study lag time and permeability coefficient in old skin and wounded skin are faster than healthy skin. We notified that fine rinkle and rash of skin were changeable in the case of treating with permanent wave drugs than normal skin.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1995.04a
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• pp.96-96
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• 1995

It was recognized that lead intoxication reduces thiamine content in the brain of rat and this change produces the alterations of thiamine-related biochemical reactions. In the present study, it was tested whether the changes of myelin composition as well as seizure threshold induced by lead intoxication in rats may be related to these changes of thiamine status and thiamine related biochemical factors. Wistar rats were divided into five groups: Control group, Lead-treated group, Lead plus Thiamine-treated group, Thiamine-deficient group, Pyrithiamine-treated group. Each group was divided into three subgroups: 3, 7 and 16 week old group. Myelin protein and phospholipid, one of the compositions of myelin lipid, were measured in the myelin isolated from rat brain. Threshold of electric shock seizure was tested in each group. The amount of each myelin composition in lead-treated group and thiamine-deficient group was significantly lower than those of all the brains in control group, but recovery by supplementation with thiamine during lead intoxication was occurred only in the cerebellum of 3 week old animal. Thresholds of the electric shock seizure of lead treated group and thiamine deficient group in 3 and 7 week old rats were significantly lower than those of control group, while those of lead plus thiamine treated group were similar to those of control group.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.65-70
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• 2012

Synaptic long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) have been studied as mechanisms of ocular dominance plasticity in the rat visual cortex. Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT) inhibits the induction of LTP and LTD during the critical period of the rat visual cortex (postnatal 3~5 weeks). However, in adult rats, the increase in 5-HT level in the brain by the administration of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) fluoxetine reinstates ocular dominance plasticity and LTP in the visual cortex. Here, we investigated the effect of 5-HT on the induction of LTP in the visual cortex obtained from 3- to 10-week-old rats. Field potentials in layer 2/3, evoked by the stimulation of underlying layer 4, was potentiated by theta-burst stimulation (TBS) in 3- and 5-weekold rats, then declined to the baseline level with aging to 10 weeks. Whereas 5-HT inhibited the induction of LTP in 5-week-old rats, it reinstated the induction of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDA)-dependent LTP in 8- and 10-week-old rats. Moreover, the selective SSRI citalopram reinstated LTP. The potentiating effect of 5-HT at 8 weeks of age was mediated by the activation of 5-$HT_2$ receptors, but not by the activation of either 5-$HT_{1A}$ or 5-$HT_3$ receptors. These results suggested that the effect of 5-HT on the induction of LTP switches from inhibitory in young rats to facilitatory in adult rats.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.171-177
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• 2010

A recent report demonstrated that in human aging brain after menopause/andropause luteinizing hormone (LH) is localized in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons of hippocampus and a significant increase of LH is also detected in the cytoplasm of pyramidal neurons and neurofibrillary tangles of Alzheimer's disease brain compared to age-matched control brain. It was suggested that the decreased steroid hormone production and the resulting LH expression in the neurons vulnerable to Alzheimer's disease pathology may have some relevance to the development of Alzheimer's disease. It is, however, unclear whether the presence of LH in neurons of human aging and Alzheimer's disease brain is due to intracellular LH expression or to LH uptake from extracellular sources, since gonadotropins are known to cross the blood brain barrier. Moreover, there is no report by using the brain of experimental animal that LH is expressed in such neurons as found in the human brain. In the present study, we found that LH immunoreactivity is localized in the pyramidal neurons of cerebral cortex and hippocampus of 12 and 18 months old rats but can not detect any immunoreactivity for LH in the young adult (3-5 months old) rats. To confirm that these LH immunoreactivity results from de novo synthesis in the brain but not the uptake from extracellular space, we performed RT-PCR and found that mRNA for LH is detected in several regions of brain including cerebral cortex and hippocampus. These findings suggest us that LH expression in old rat brain may play an important role in aging process of rat brain.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2007

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of cytochalasin B (CB) treatment in the activation medium on the development of somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) rat embryos. Fetal fibroblast cells were isolated from a Day 14.5 fetus, and the oocytes for recipient cytoplasm were recovered from 4-week old Sprague Dawley rats. After enucleation and nuclear injection, the reconstructed oocytes were immediately exposed to activation medium consisting of 10 mM $SrCl_2$ with or without CB for 4 hr, and formation of pseudo-pronucleus (PPN) was checked at 18 hr after activation. Then, they were transferred into day 1 pseudopregnant recipients (Hooded Wistar) or cultured for 5 days to check their developmental competence in vivo or in vitro. The number of PPN was not affected by CB treatment during the activation. However, CB treatment supported pre-implantation development of rat SCNT embryos. Embryos generated by the procedures of SCNT were also capable of implanting, with 1 implantation scar found from a recipient following the transfer of 87 SCNT embryos to four foster mothers. The result of the present study shows that rat SCNT embryo can develop to post-implantation stage following treatment with CB.

• Reproductive and Developmental Biology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.229-234
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• 2005

Methods for activation of reconstructed oocytes were examined for the production of nuclear transfer (NT) rat embryos using fetal neural stem cells as donor. Neural stem cells were isolated from Day 14.5 rat fetuses, and the oocytes for recipient cytoplasm were recovered from 4-week old Sprague Dawley rats. After enucleation and nuclear injection, the reconstructed oocytes were immediately exposed to activation medium consisting of 10 mM $SrCl_2$ for 4 h (immediate activation after injection; IAI), or cultured in vitro for $2\~3$ h before activation treatment (injection before activation; IBA). Pre-activated oocytes were also used for NT to test reprogramming potential of artificially activated oocytes. The oocytes were grouped as IIA (immediate injection after activation) and ABI (activation $2\~3$ h before injection). Following NT, the oocytes were cultured in vitro. Development of the NT embryos was monitored at 44 and 119 h after activation. The embryos in groups IAI, mA, and IIA were cleaved to the 2-cell stage at the rates of $36.6\%\;(15/41),\;39.5\%\;(17/43)\;and\;46.3\%$ (25/54), respectively. However, in the ABI group, only one embryo ($1.8\%$, 1/55) was cleaved after activation. After in vitro culture, two NT embryos from IAI group had developed to the morula stage $(4.9\%\cdot2/41)$. However, no morula or blastocyst was obtained in the other groups. These results suggest that immediate activation after injection (IAI) method may be used for the production of rat somatic cell NT embryos.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.3 no.3
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• pp.319-329
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• 1999

Onset of female puberty follows a series of prepubertal cellular and molecular events including changes of synaptic plasticity, synthetic and releasing activity and gene expression. Dramatic increase of gonadal steroid level is one of the most prominent changes before the onset of puberty. Based on the importance of steroid feedback upon the hypothalamus, we adopted an estrogen sterilized rat (ESR) model where 100 ng of 17$\eta$-estradiol were administered into neonatal pubs for 7 days after birth. To identify genes involved in the onset of female puberty, we applied PCR differential display using RNA samples derived from ESR and control rat hypothalami. About 100 out of more than 1000 RNA species examined displayed differential expression patterns between a 60-day old control rat and ESR. Sequence analysis of differentially amplified PCR products showed homology with genes such as mouse kinesin superfamily-associated protein 3 (KAP3) and several cDNAs previously described by others in mouse and human tissues. Several gene products such as 2-1 and 8-1 corresponded to novel DNA sequences. We analyzed mRNA levels of KAP3, 2-1 and 8-1 genes in the hypothalami derived from neonatal, 6-, 28-, 31-, and 40-day old rats. Northern blot analysis showed that mRNAs of KAP3, 2-1 and 8-1 genes were markedly increased before the initiation of puberty. Neonatal treatment of estrogen clearly inhibited prepubertal increases in KAP3, 2-1 and 8-1 mRNA levels. Therefore, these genes may play important roles in the initiation of hypothalamic puberty. In addition, intracerebroventricular (icv) injection of antisense KAP3 oligodeoxynucleotide (ODN) clearly delayed puberty initiation determined by vaginal opening, which further confirmed that KAP3 plays an important role in the regulation of puberty initiation.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.24-29
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• 2002

Present study investigates the protective effects of green tea against acute ethanol administration on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in various regions of rat brain ; cortex, cerebellum, striatum and hippofampus. The following parameters were examined : malondialdehyde(MDA) concentrations and activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase(GSH-Px). Male Sprague-Dawley rats of 9 month old were given control diets or those containing 1% green tea powder for 4 weeks, and at tole end of feeding each diet group was received acute ethanol(5g/kg body weight) or equicaloric sucrose solution administration. Results indicated that green tea powder significantly decreased malondialdehyde(MDA) levels in the striatum(81.85nmol/g tissue) and hippocampus(71.68nmol/g tissue), compared to control group(145.68nmol/g tissue in the striatum, 119.04nmol/g tissue in the hippocampus). Also, a significant decrease was observed in the striatum of green tea-ethanol treated group compared to control group. Green tea significantly blocked an ethanol-induced catalase activation in the hippocampus, which means an ethanol administration drew a significant increase only in control diet groups. In conclusion, these results suggest that moderate consumption of green tea leaves ctrl have protective effects against ethanol induced oxidative stress on various regions of rat brain, by significantly reducing MDA concentrations in the striatum and hippocampus and inhibiting ethanol induced catalase activation in the hippocampus.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.55-60
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• 2007

Computerized image processing and analysis system was used for quantitative assessment of skin tissue components in color histological sections. The purpose of this study was to determine that the changes in the collagen fiber density and elastic fiber density in dermis in the rat skin as aging. And also to determine that the correlation between fibroblast density and collagen fiber density and elastic fiber density in the aged rat skin. Ten weeks old ($130{\sim}150g$) eight and fifty-four weeks old ($300{\sim}350g$) eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were used. The full-thickness skin biopsy specimens were prepared serial sections and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and Verhoeff-van Gieson. The collagen fiber and the elastic fiber were identified using the image analysis processing system and then calculated the collagen fiber density rate and the elastic fiber density rate in the dermis. It also identified fibroblast and calculated fibroblast density in the dermis. By using a Student's t-test, a decrease in the collagen fiber density rate (t=-4.650, P<0.001) and the elastic fiber density rate (t=-6.494, P<0.001) of dermis can be observed in aged rats as compared with the young rats. A Student's t-test showed a significantly less fibroblast density in the aged rats than the young rats (t=-4.497, P<0.001). There were significantly positive correlation between the fibroblast density and the collagen fiber density rate (r=.69, P<0.001) and the elastic fiber density rate (r=.91, P<0.001). These results indicate that the aging may decrease the collagen fiber density and elastic fiber density due to reduced the proliferative and synthetic activity of fibroblast in the dermis.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.337-345
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• 2004

Using aged Wistar rat living body change by aging CheongSimYeonJaTang was each orally administrated and achieved research about aging control. In Wistar rat 10, 30, 50 week and 40 week CheongSimYeonJaTang between 10 weeks form condition change of weight, change of intestine weight, hematology, blood chemistry, research result about serum content following conclusion get. 1. Observed gain in weight than control group form of CheongSimYeonJaTang to aged Wistar rat. 2. Is thought to promote activation of living body action gaining intestine weight along with gain in weight. 3. Displayed decrease of MDA's content of serum than control group form of CheongSimYeonJaTang to aged Wistar rat. 4. Change that is Wistar rat's hematological value by aging according to 10, 30, 50 week WBC, RBC, Hgb, monocytes, eosinophil etc. increase, and HCT, PLT etc. showed tendency that decrease according to old-week, and observed improvement that is hematological value than control group form of CheongSimYeonJaTang. 5. Change that is Wistar rat's biochemical value by aging was measured highest in 50 week because ALT, AST, BUN, CRN, T-bili., T-chol, TG, TP, ALB, A/G, P etc. increase according to 10, 30, 50 week, and observed improvement that is biochemical value than control group form of CheongSimYeonJaTang. Is considered by being effect that CheongSimYeonJaTang living body function decline by aging by this result.