• 한국가금학회지
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.227-233
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• 2000

Preset study was carried out to evaluate characteristics of lactic acid producing bacteria(LAB) in hen's cecum as probiotics value. Distribution of LAB in intestinal tracts was investigated using 5∼25 weeks - old hens. So, 12 strains to LAB with different morphology were isolated purely. Acid tolerance of LAB tested at pH 1, 2, 3, and 4, and bile resistant also tested at 0, 0.3% and 0.5% bile salt concentration. Growth pattern of LAB observed to 60h. All strains of cecal LAB couldn't survive at pH 1, and decreased linearly survival colony after incubation at pH 2 although some strains could survive for 2h. Most of LAB maintained constant number at pH 3 and 4. The bacterial action could increase linearly at 0% bile salt concentration in all of tested strains. However, only one strain could multiply at 0.3% bile salt, others were influenced by bile salt. That tendency was similar at 0.5% bile salt. Growth was peaked at 12 to 18 h after innoculation. After peak, the decreasing pattern of colony was different to strains which some strains decreased rapidly or maintained for long time. The LAB of hen's cecum was similar to intolerance acidity, but different to resistant to bile salt and growth pattern by strain. So, we choose three strains which have probiocs value, and identified as Lactobacillus amylovorus LLA7, Lactobacillus crispatus LLA9 and Lactobacillus vaginalis LLA11.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제14권11호
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• pp.1605-1609
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• 2001

A total of 252, 50 week-old Isa-brown laying hens were randomly allotted to 7 groups of 3 replicates. Mustard meal (MM) which is a by-product from mustard processing plant, was dried under the sun or in a gas heated pan. It contained on DM basis 30-32% CP, 19-22% EE and 12-13% CF. The meal from either drying method was incorporated into the diets at 0, 10, 20 and 30% which was equivalent to the substitution levels for soybean meal at 0, 31, 63 and 94%, respectively. All birds were individually kept in battery cages where feed and water were freely accessed throughout 84 days experimental period. It was found that egg production, feed intake, body weight gain and egg weight significantly decreased with the increased MM level. The inclusion of 20% MM did not show a significant difference in egg production and quality from the control, but produced 6-8% lower egg production. Feed intake was linearly decreased with the MM levels, except the 10% sun dried MM group. Fat deposition of the birds fed MM diets significantly decreased, while kidney weight increased when compared with the control group. However, the weight of thyroid glands and spleen trended to be heavier in the MM groups, but this was not significantly different among dietary treatments. It was concluded, MM from both drying methods could be incorporated in laying hen diets at the level of 10% without any adverse effect.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.171-176
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• 2002

타우린이 산란계의 생산성에 미치는 영향을 구명하기 위하여 두 번의 시험을 수행하였다. 시험 1에서는 19주령의 산란계를 사료에 타우린을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 0.4%, 0.8% 그리고 1.2%를 첨가한 4가지 시험구에 균일하게 분포시켜 10주 동안 사양실험을 실시하였다. 0.8 % 타우린 첨가시 난중은 대조구에 비하여 평균 1.2g이 낮았다(P<0.Of). 산란율은 타우린의 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 약 8%∼24%정도 낮게 나타났으며(P<0.05), 일당산란량은 타우린 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 약 3%∼l4% 정도 낮게 나타났다(P<0.05). 사료섭취량은 타우린 첨가에 의하여 대조구보다 약 11%∼15% 정도 감소하였으나(P<0.05), 사료요구율은 차이가 없었다. 난질 그리고 난황의 중성지방과 콜레스테롤 농도는 처리구간 차이가 없었다. 시험 2에서는 81주령 산란계를 사료에 타우린을 첨가하지 않은 대조구, 1% 그리고 2% 첨가한 3가지 시험구에 균일하게 분포시켜 6주 동안 사양시험을 실시하였다. 난중, 산란율, 일당산란량, 사료섭취량, 사료요구량, 난질 및 난황의 콜레스테롤 함량은 처리구간 차이가 없었으나, 난황의 중성지방 함량은 타우린 첨가구가 대조구에 비하여 약 14%∼16% 높았다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 결과는 산란초기에 타우린의 급여는 산란계의 생산성을 저하시킨다는 것을 암시한다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제51권5호
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• pp.421-426
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• 2009

본 연구는 산란계의 사육공간의 크기별 발성음의 특성을 파악하기 위해 하이라인브라운(Hy-Line Brown) 80주령의 산란계를 대상으로 2008년 10월부터 2009년 2월까지의 기간 동안 발성음을 수집 및 녹음하였다. 산란계의 사육 케이지는 무항생제 축산물 사육밀도조건을 만족하는 0.0231 $m^3$ (0.3m ${\times}$ 0.14m ${\times}$ 0.55m)을 개체당 사육공간의 기준(control)으로 하고, 좁은 공간(small, 0.21m ${\times}$ 0.14m ${\times}$ 0.55m)과 넓은 공간(large, 0.3m ${\times}$ 0.3m ${\times}$ 0.55m) 등의 3가지 유형으로 구분하였다. 하루 3회, 각각 1시간씩 디지털 녹음기(PMD-650, Marantz)와 마이크(MKH 416P48, RF Condenser Mic.)를 이용하여 발성음을 녹음하여 분석을 실시하였다. 발성음의 스펙트로그램을 비교한 결과 케이지의 크기별로 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 스펙트럼을 비교한 결과 역시 차이가 있었다. 또한 발성음의 주파수, 강도 및 길이 역시 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 나타내었다. 본 연구를 통해 산란계의 사육공간과 발성음 사이에는 깊은 관련이 있었으며, 사육공간에 의한 스트레스의 정도를 파악하기 위해 발성음은 매우 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권10호
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• pp.1464-1469
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• 2016

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of dietary supplementation of red ginseng by-product (RGB) on the laying performance, blood biochemistry, and microbial population in laying hens. A total of 120 Hy-Line Brown laying hens (75 weeks old) were randomly allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments with 4 replicates per treatment. A commercial-type basal diet was prepared, and 2 additional diets were prepared by supplementing 5.0 or 10.0 g/kg of RGB to the basal diet at the expense of corn. The diets were fed to hens on an ad libitum basis for 4 weeks. There were no differences in feed intake, egg weight, and feed conversion ratio during 4 weeks of the feeding trial. However, hen-day egg production was significantly greater (p<0.05) for the RGB treatment groups than that for the basal treatment group. There were no differences in triglyceride, aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase during the 4-week feeding trial. However, RGB supplementation increased (p<0.05) the serum immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM content compared with basal treatment group. The total cholesterol was lower (p<0.05) in the RGB treatments groups than that in the basal treatment group. The intestinal Lactobacillus population was greater (p<0.05) for the RGB treatments groups than that for the basal treatment group. However, the numbers of Salmonella and Escherichia coli were not different among dietary treatments. During the entire experiment, there was no significant difference in egg quality among all the treatments. In conclusion, in addition to improving hen-day production, there were positive effects of dietary RGB supplementation on serum immunoglobulin and cholesterol levels in laying hens.

• 한국가금학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.281-286
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• 1988

본 시험은 하절기 산란계 사료에 대하여 고추가루(씨포함)를 0, 0.03, 0.05, 0.08% 첨가하여 산란계의 산란성적과 난각질 및 난황착색도를 측정하기 위한 것으로써 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 산란율에 있어서는 시험기간동안 대조구에 비해 첨가구가 약간 증가 하였으나, 처리간 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 2. 난중은 대조구와 첨가구 사이에는 유의차가 없었으며, 일영이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 3. 산란양은 대조구에 비해 첨가구가 높았으나 처이간 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 4. 사료섭취양은 대조구에 비해 첨가구가 약 2~3g 더 섭취하는 것으로 나타났고, 사료요구율은 대조구 및 첨가구간 차이가 없었다. 5. 난각질의 경우 난각강도는 대조구에 비해 첨가구가 상당히 높았으며 처리구간 고도의 유의차가 인정되었다(P＜0.01 ). 또한 난각후도는 대조구에 비해 첨가구가 유의적으로 증가하였다 (P＜0.05). 6. 난황착색도는 대조구에 비해 첨가구는 고도의 유의차가 인정되었으나(P＜0.01) 첨가구간 유의차는 인정되지 않았다. 이상의 결과를 종합하여 보면 사료 중 고춧가루 첨가는 0.05%$T_2$수준이 적당하다고 사료된다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제50권2호
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• pp.249-256
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• 2023

The purpose of this experiment was to determine the influence of providing laying hens with extra feed on egg production and egg quality parameters. A total of 480 laying hens (38-weeks old), were divided into five treatment groups (eight replicate cages/treatment and 12 layer/replicate) according to their starting body weight (1.98 ± 0.05 kg) in this four-week feeding trial. Five different feed allowances of the same diet (105, 110, 115, 120, and 125 g·day^-1·bird^-1) were assigned to layers. Daily inspections of remaining feed (around 0.1g) and layer mortality (0%) showed no harmful impact of supplying extra feed to layers. Providing 120 and 125 g of feed per day to layers resulted in the highest final body weight, large-egg ratio, and improved yolk color among all treatment groups. Layers receiving 125 g of feed daily had the highest egg weight, but the highest egg production ratio was observed in layers receiving 110 g of feed/day. The additional supply of feed did not have a negative impact on the productive performance or egg quality of the layers. The provision of 125 g feed per day led to an improvement of large-egg ratio, egg weight, and yolk color, but likely led to obesity of the layers, which manifested as an increase in body weight and a decline in the egg production ratio. We concluded that 110 grams of feed was the proper quantity after taking into consideration the significance of the health of the laying hen to the overall production performance.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제48권4호
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• pp.469-472
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• 2008

Necropsy was performed on a total of twenty three either white leghorn or ogol chickens which were more than 150 weeks of age. Among twenty three chickens examined, fifteen chickens were laying and the rest eight chickens were non-laying. On necropsy, neoplastic mass in the five chickens among non-laying chickens was found. These neoplastic masses were present mostly in the ovaries and one case in the liver and characterized by multifocal to coalescing 1 to 5 mm tan firm nodular formation. On histopathology, ovarian adenocarcinoma with widespread abdominal seeding and hepatic metastasis was diagnosed in the three chickens. Oviductal leiomyoma was also found in two chickens that had a focal well-demarcated nodules in the oviduct. Taken together, the number with ovarian adenocarcinoma among non-laying chickens over 150 week old was 37.5%. As most animal species do rarely develop ovarian tumors, the high rate of spontaneous ovarian adenocarcinoma in non-laying hen suggest that the hen is a proper model for human ovarian cancer study.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권8호
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• pp.1174-1178
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• 2006

An experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary supplementation of copper chelates in the form of methionine, chitosan and yeast on the performance of laying hens. Four hundred ISA Brown layers, 84 wks old, were assigned to 4 treatments: control, 100 ppm Cu in methionine chelate (Met-Cu), 100 ppm Cu as chitosan chelate (Chitosan-Cu) and 100 ppm Cu as yeast chelate (Yeast-Cu). Each treatment had five replicates of 20 hens. Hen-day and hen-housed egg production and egg weight were significantly (p<0.05) increased by Met-Cu supplementation. The increase by Chitosan-Cu and Yeast-Cu supplementation was not significant. Contrast of the control vs. Cu chelates showed egg weight was significantly (p<0.05) increased by Cu chelate supplementation. Soft-shell egg production was significantly (p<0.05) reduced by supplementation of Cu chelates. Met-Cu treatment showed the lowest incidence of soft egg production. Gizzard erosion index was increased by Cu chelate supplementation. Crude fat in liver, total cholesterol in yolk and Cu content in liver and yolk were not significantly influenced by Cu chelate supplementation. It was concluded that dietary supplementation of 100 ppm Cu as Met-Cu significantly increased egg production and egg weight. Cu-Met chelate was also effective in reducing soft-shell egg production but increased gizzard erosion index.