• Economic and Environmental Geology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.51-61
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• 2013

Researches on the oil recovery enhancement using the nanotechnology has recently been studied in the United States. The previous researches has focused mainly on the flow characteristics of nanoparticles in porous media, and the stability of the nano-emulsion itself. However, the analysis did not deal with the size effects between a nano-emulsion and the pore size which has an important role when nano-emulsion flows in the porous media. In this research, nano-based emulsion was fabricated which is able to be applied for the enhanced oil recovery techniques and its characteristics was analyzed. In addition, in order to identify the characteristics of nano-emulsions flowing through the porous media, the size effect was analysed by filtering test. According to the results, when the emulsion was fabricated, SCA(Silane Coupling Agent) or PVA(Poly Vinyl Alcohol) are added to improve the stability of emulsion. As the ratio of the decane to water increased, the viscosity of emulsion and the droplet size also increased. For the filtering test at the atmospheric conditions, the droplet did not go through the filter; only the separated water from the emulsion was able to be filtered. This phenomenon occurred because the droplet was not able to overcome the capillary pressure. At the filtering test by suction pressure, most of the emulsion was filtered over the filter size of $60{\mu}m$. However, the ratio of filtration was rapidly degraded at less than $45{\mu}m$ filters. This is caused due to deformation and destruction of the droplet by strong shear stress when passing through the pore. The results from the study on the basic characteristic of nano-emulsion and filtering test will be expected to play as the important role for the fabrication of the stable nano-emulsion or the research on the recovery of residual oil in porous media.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.13 no.7
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• pp.636-641
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• 2000

The purpose of this study is assessing the characteristics of surface aging and recovery of hydrophobicity for silicone rubber which takes a great interest as outdoor insulation recently subjected to the combined stressed of salt fog and AC power. The methods for assessing are contact angle ATR-FRIR, AFM and XRD. In addition salt fog method is adopted as the artificial contamination experiment and AC power is applied 24 hour on and 24 hour off repeatedly for 5 cycles. The results suggest that degraded surface was more rough than virgin but was restored water repellency through the off cycle. It was due to not only the formation of fractal surface but also maintenance of hydrophobic surface by diffusion of low molecular oil. Although surface recovers initial hydropohbicity there are possibilities of decreasing electrical performance due to irreversable changes such as depolymerization of surface and loss of filler particles. This fact is confirmed by surface conductivity measurement showing that the degradation is significant and the recovery of hydrophobicity is imperfect as the energized cycle increases.

• Biotechnology and Bioprocess Engineering:BBE
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.419-425
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• 2001

A dense pellicular solid matrix has been fabricated by coating 4% agarose gel on to dense zironia-silica(ZS) spheres by watr-in-oil emulsification . The agarose evenly laminated the ZS bead to a depth of 30㎛, and the resultin gpellicular assembly was characterised by densities up to 2.39g/mL and a mean particle dimeter of 136 ㎛. In comparative fluidisation tests, the pellicular solid phase exhibited a two-fold greater flow velocity than commercial benchmark ad-sorbents necessary to achieve common values of bed expansion. Furthermore, the perlicular parti-cles were characterised by improved qualities of chromatographic behaviour, particularly with re-spect to a three-fold increase in the apparent effective diffusivity of lysozyme within a pellicular assembly modified with Cibacron Blue 3GA. The properties of rapid protein adsorption/desorp-tion were attributed to the physical design and pellicular deployment of the reactive surface in the solid phase. When combined with enhanced feedstock throughput, such practical advantages recommend the pellicular assembly as a base matrix for the selective recovery of protein products from complex, particulate feedstocks(whole fermentation broths, cell disruptates and biological extracts).

• International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.52-58
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• 2019

Marine emissions of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) have received much attention because the International Maritime Organization (IMO) requires the installation of vapour emission control systems for the loading of crude oils or petroleum products onto ships. It was recently recognised that significant corrosion occurs inside these vapour emission control systems, which can cause severe clogging issues. In this study, we analysed the chemical composition of drain water sampled from currently operating systems to investigate the primary causes of corrosion in vapour recovery systems. Immersion and electrochemical tests were conducted under simulated conditions with various real drain water samples, and the impact of corrosion on the marine vapour recovery system was carefully investigated. Moreover, corrosion tests on alternative materials were conducted to begin identifying appropriate substitutes. Thermodynamic calculations showed the effects of environmental factors on the production of condensed sulphuric acid from VOC gas. A model of sulphuric acid formation and accumulation by the characteristics of VOC from crude oil and flue gas is suggested.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.75-80
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• 2003

Understanding the seawater infiltration into tidal flat sediments is very important, because it is significantly correlated with the supply of dissolved oxygen, nutrients and organic matter to benthic organisms for survival. However oil blocks interstitial spaces of sediments, reduces seawater infiltration and results in the decrease in oxygen, nutrients and other food supply to benthic communities. The penetration depth of the stranded oil into the sediments is one of the most significant information to know the effect of spilled oil on biological communities and to set up a cleaning method. So we initiated this study to quantify the penetration behavior of spilled oil and to evaluate the influence of the penetrated oil on seawater infiltration in tidal flat environment and its ecological implications. The penetration depth of the crude oil into the tidal flat sediments was two times deeper than that of the fuel oil C, and the depth was significantly affected by stranded oil volume. However, the penetration depth of stranded oil was abruptly dropped at first falling tide but not significantly fluctuated after that. Moreover, hydrocarbon concentration showed the highest within the upper 2 cm. Seawater infiltration was decreased in proportion to the stranded oil volume. The seawater infiltration was more affected by the penetrated fuel oil C about 1.7 times than the crude oil, because the interstitial spaces of the top of sediments were more cleared by the fuel oil C. Therefore, quick cleaning actions for penetrated oil will be necessary for recovery of seawater infiltration because the seawater contains oxygen and nutrients necessary for the survival of benthic organisms in tidal flat.

• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers C
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• v.53 no.10
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• pp.523-529
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• 2004

Faults of cellulosic insulations greatly affect the life span of oil immersed transformers because their performance recovery is impossible. Therefore, the reliable diagnosis technologies are needed for detection of the faults. Dissolved gas analysis technologies using CO and $CO_2$ gases have been widely used for fault diagnosis of cellulosic insulations. In this research, we described Degradation diagnosis of insulation paper CO and $CO_2$ gases in oil immersed Transformers using. We considered the distribution characteristics of CO, $CO_2$ gases' concentrations and ratios of $CO_2$/CO not only in serviced transformers but in experiments with typical fault causes such as heat, partial discharge and moisture. As result, the reliability of diagnosis results for the cellulosic insulations can be improved when the concentrations of CO, $CO_2$ and the ratio of CO/$CO_2$ satisfy each diagnosis criterion at a tim

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.34 no.11
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• pp.3239-3242
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• 2013

An improved rapid method for determination of the fatty acid composition using modified methylation procedure was compared with the AOAC reference procedure based on the methylation of fatty acid with the addition of BF3 catalyst before and while heating. The new method is useful for research and routine quality control and has a number of advantages over the reference procedure which are more rapid, simple and also reliable. Applicability of the modified methylation method was confirmed with three vegetable oil samples (palm oil, coconut oil and olive oil). Based on the validation method results, we obtained that a quite linear calibration curve of fatty acids was performed with $R^2$ in range of 0.9972-0.9994. The sensitivity of gas chromatography instrument was able to analyze the fatty acids up to a few ppm, the precision and accuracy were good enough with the %RSD between 1.5%-19.5% and the recovery of linolenic acid was 99.1% in the range of 80.0%-113.3%.

• Proceedings of the Korea Committee for Ocean Resources and Engineering Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.119-123
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• 2002

Liquefied Natural Gas(LNG) continues to attract modern gas industries as well as domestic markets as their main energy source in the recent years. This is mainly because LNG is inherently cleaner and more energy efficiency than other fuels. Offshore LNG production plant is of interest to many oil producing companies all over the world. This article discuss about the production process encountered while developing such a production facility. Typical offshore oil and gas processing required for oil stabilization and other optional units that can be added to the facilities. The production process can broadly be divided into five major units namely, (i) Oil Stabilization unit, (ii) Gas Treatment unit, (iii) Methane Recovery unit, (iv) Distillation unit and (v) LNG Liquefaction unit. The process simulation was carried out for each unit with a given wellhead composition. The topside facilities of offshore LNG production plant will be very similar to the process adopted in offshore processing platform along with the typical onshore LNG production plant. However, the process design problems associated with FPSO motion to be taken care of while developing floating LNG production plant.

• Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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• v.35 no.1
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• pp.43-47
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• 1993

Using the new scouring soap made from rapeseed oil, various scouring test was done souring effects of new scouring soap were estimated. In the effects of scouring soap on the degumming ratio, OS (the soap made from oleic acid) was the most excellent and the next was RS (the soap made from rapeseed oil). Both OS and RS were more excellent than MS (the soap on the market). In a buffer power of soap solution, OS and RS were good, but MS was poor. The uneven dyeing was not observed in the silk fabric degummed by OS and RS, but observed in silk fabric degummed by MS. The value of tenacity and elongation in the silk degummed by OS and RS was higher that degummed by MS. In the crease recovery, softness and whiteness, the order of value was OS, RS, MS.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
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• v.44 no.2
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• pp.172-183
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• 2016

Densification of the inner part of oil palm trunk (OPT) by the close system compression (CSC) method was performed in this study. The effects of the compression temperature and time on the anatomical, physical and mechanical properties of OPT were evaluated. The inner part of OPT with an initial average density of $0.3g/cm^3$ was used as samples. Oven-dried samples were immersed in water and vacuumed until fully saturated and then compressed by CSC at 120, 140, 160 or $180^{\circ}C$ for 10, 20, 30 or 40 min. The anatomical characteristics of transverse and radial sections before and after compression were compared by optical microscopy. The physical and mechanical properties, including the density, recovery of set (RS), modulus of elasticity (MOE), modulus of rupture (MOR), and compression parallel to grain were examined. It was observed that the anatomical characteristic of the inner part of OPT (i.e., vascular bundles, vessels, and parenchyma tissue) became flattened, fractured, and collapsed after compression by CSC. The RS decreased with increasing compression temperature and time. The lower RS indicated high dimensional stability. The physical and mechanical properties (i.e., density, MOR, MOE, and compressive strength) of the inner part of OPT increased with increasing compression temperature and time. Compression by the CSC method at $160^{\circ}C$ for 40 min was the optimum treatment.