• Transactions of the Korean Society of Automotive Engineers
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.70-76
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• 2013

Because increased food delivery service and quick delivery service using motorcycle, registration numbers of motorcycles were sharply increased and it could contribute on worsening air quality. In this study, two models(50cc, 125cc) of motorcycle were tested by using three types of engine oil. Two motorcycles were tested with CVS-40 mode for emission characteristics such as CO, THC, NOx, Elemental Carbon(EC), Organic Carbon(OC), sulfate, soot and SOF(soluble organic fraction). Result of according to three types of lubricants which included phosphorus, sulfate ash impacted to particle matters so "C" lubricants is more higher PM than "A", "B" lubricants in this research.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Navigation
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.29-56
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• 1993

The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ship, 1973, as modified by the Proto-col of 1978 relating thereto, well known as MARPOL 73/78, is probably the most important international agreement on the subject of marine pollution. The main purpose of the Convention is to reduce the total oil remaining on board vessel to minimum. MARPOL is a combination of different sets of rules on oil, chemicals, noxious substances in package forms, sewage and garbage as shown on each Annex. Since the Convention has globally set forth in 1973, it has amended so often whenever reasonable articles are requi-red by contracting states under guidelines of IMO. The amendments, for instance, have continuously perfo-rmed more than 8 times regarding articles, protocols, and five annexes because the original text was badly drafted as the control measures were expressed in general way. This paper, therefore, is intend to summa-rize a main point relating to each amendment, so that persons who have an interest in the Convention would be completely understand for practical implementation. Especially, for legislative purpose or annen-dement of domestic law, it could timely be contributable if specific consolidation and unified interpretations are followed with this paper. Consequently it is much more worth to study for preventing marine pollution from ship with tracing every moment whenever the Convention formally adopted through amending up-to-data.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.43-51
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• 2001

Now our ocean environment pollution is very serious. Its harm hinders in marine breeding and the safe navigation of ships at the coast. We have used an assembly system for a measure taken against environment pollution like this. But, here are some problems awaiting solution. First, most of combustible materials among ocean waste are high polymer, so it is necessary some special equipment to incinerate them. In the process we can't overlook air pollution by exhaust gas. Also, when we reclaim these wastes, we remember that they can't be decomposed naturally and leaking water may pollute soil. Thus now a days new treatment method has been developed, it recycles and doesn't product secondary pollution materials by recovering oil from pyrolysis. For it, this study investigated chemicalㆍphysical properties of wastes. And it found condition of recovering the most oil. Also it probed that the variation of temperature raising speed affects the weight reduction characteristics of wastes. Also, while studying recovered oil by waste pyrolysis and the rate of non-condensing gas in accordance with the variation of temperature raising speed. Finally we had confidence the development of pyrolysis oil recovery would succeed because we carried out evaluation at an economic point of view about it.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

Marine scientific monitoring, including monitoring of oil pollution, marine ecosystems, and the marine environment in general, has been being carried out continuously in order to assess the impact of oil pollution since the Hebei Spirit oil spill in December 2007. GIS thematic maps containing visual and summarized information are very useful for conducting exploratory analyses on the spatio-temporal variability of the marine environment and marine ecosystems due to oil pollution. Defining map types and building a legend in accordance with data characteristics are essential elements for mapping. In the present study, map types were defined according to the data attributes and GIS data types for each data item and classification of data intervals for the legend was defined by using two data distribution types through a histogram analysis. The data interval method was defined as follows: If the histogram of data has a uniform distribution, an equal interval method is applied; in the case of a normal distribution, a standard deviation method is applied. In addition, thematic map templates were made for each map type through the definition of marginal elements. Through the establishment of systematic mapping methods and procedures in this study, it was possible to effectively make standardized thematic maps for various kinds of marine scientific data.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• v.2 no.4
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• pp.251-256
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• 2006

The exploration of genes which expressions are changed by exposure to ecotoxicants or pollutants can provide the important information about the reaction mechanisms in the body as well as adaptation to exterior stimulus or environmental changes. Also they can be developed as biomarkers for the detection of environmental pollution. Differential display polymerase chain reaction (DD-PCR) technique has been usefully used to hunt the clones which expressions are up-regulated or down-regulated by exterior changes and this study aimed to search for those clones in diesel oil-exposed rockfish (Sebastes schlegeli) using DD-PCR. The RNA isolated from liver of 20 ppb diesel oil-exposed rockfish was used for screening of the differentially displayed genes and total 44 differentially expressed genes (DEG) are detected then their nucleotide sequences were analyzed. The present data provided the general information about the effect of diesel oil contamination on marine organism and further more the primary step in development of new biomarkers for marine environmental pollution or ecotoxicological stresses.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.133-148
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• 2015

The number of used oil refining companies has been increased and it causes shortage of the volume of used oil per recycling company. In addition, the number of used oil collecting companies has been increased and it caused excessive competition among companies with excessive costs. Companies use not only proper used oil but also low quality used oil because of shortage of supply. It is the reason of environmental pollution. Also excessive competition brings high cost of refined oil and it becomes a burden on the consumer. Therefore, the recycling improvement plans of used oil is needed because of these causes. First of all, importing used oil from the developed countries of OECD is the one of solution to secure a used oil supply. However, imported used oil should meet the international quality standards and it is examined twice by international authority institute such as K-petro in both exporting and importing countries. Second, the cost would be reduced with the relaxation on regulations of used oil refinement. However, regulation to sediment and water should be separated. Sediment should be kept within 2% and water should be kept within 5%. It is the way to relax the regulations of used oil refinement with preventing environmental pollutions. Finally, the standard of used oil for heater should be regulated strictly. To prevent pollutions, used oil for heater is limited to high quality waste lubricating oil. Also the air pollution prevention device has to be installed on heater.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.77-86
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• 2011

The unwanted artificial oil-spill has severely contaminated the coastal environment in the world. Level of contamination has so far been monitered by various indicator species including mussel, oysters, flounder, and cockle. In this study, we decided to use the oyster as a model organism to observe the morphological changes being exposed to the artificial oil-spill in the coastal areas in Taean, Korea. The oysters were collected from four local sites (Sindu-ri, Uiwang-ri, Jonghyeon-dong, Ansan and Uihang-ri) exposed to various levels of pollution after an oil spill in Taean. Microscopic analysis of the hepatopancreatic microstructure in the digestive gland from the collected oysters show that the swelling, whorl, and destruction phenomenon of the nuclear membrane, a well-known microstructure induced by heavy metal exposure, was observed. Nuclear body (Nb), another typical characteristic of contamination or infection were also observed in some samples. Necrosis was observed in tissue samples collected from the area with a high degree of oil pollution. In addition, parasite-like particles (virus, perkinsus) were observed in most samples. Taken together, these results suggest that oil contamination in the oyster habitats influences the cytopathological changes in Crassostrea gigas.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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• 2009.06a
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• pp.267-269
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• 2009

This study investigated & analyzed the scheme for Ship Management for the Activation of world-wide Oil business. Shipping safety & marine pollution accidents occurred a huge property loss not only a shipping companies but also a oil companies, and marine accident may affect to a shipping company to go out of existence. On that score, oil companies have executed the evaluation by periods on each shipping companies and ships, and SIRE is inter-sharing by internet homepage on OCIMF & CDI, and its most important data when oil cargo transport. Therefore this study is provided a practical method to PIC of tanker shipping business & Designated Person, and it will be a basic of Ship Management for the activation of the Oil business.

• Journal of the Korean Professional Engineers Association
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.64-67
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• 2008

According to grow maritime activities in coastal zone, a threat increase to the marine environment from oil spill. The success or failure of initial effort depends on the adequacy of the plan and the ability of immediate execution. Successful response to oil spills requires critical information in real time topics, including spill data, environmental conditions, ecological factors. Diverse simulation provides tactical decision-makers with the information on the movement of pollutant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.219-224
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• 2013

In the case of occurring marine oil pollution, it is the most effective way that to prepare all the necessary response resources in advance and to respond to incidents, but there are limits in reality. Therefore, may be an important alternative ways to use a fishing vessel registered in the affected area by massive marine oil pollution efficiently. In the United States and other developed countries, it is can be found that temporary response program by local fishing vessels(VOO program) has been developed and operated. This study was examined for sweeping arm system suitable for domestic small fishing vessels. The selected small vessel was as the model of Coastal gill-net and compound fishing vessel with classes of 2.5~3.5tons, length 8~9m, breath 2.5~2.8m, horsepower 200~250 HP and FRP materials. The developed equipment was designed that can be easily mounted on the model ship and portable structure. For increasing the field practicality, the weight of each part was composed less than 10kg for easy assembly and disassembly.