• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.123-130
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• 2015

Seaweed Sargassum horneri extracts were obtained using supercritical carbon dioxide ($SC-CO_2$) and different solvents. $SC-CO_2$ was kept at a temperature of $45^{\circ}C$ and pressure of 250 bar. The flow rate of $CO_2$ (27 g/min) was constant during the entire 2-h extraction period, and ethanol was used as a cosolvent. Six different solvents [acetone, hexane, methanol, ethanol, acetone mix methanol (7:3), and hexane mix ethanol (9:1)] were used for extraction and agitated by magnetic stirring (250 rpm) in the dark at $25^{\circ}C$ for 20 h; the ratio of material to solvent was 1:10 (w/v). Antioxidant properties of S. horneri extracted using $SC-CO_2$ with ethanol and different solvents have shown good activity. The highest activity belongs to $SC-CO_2$ with ethanol extracted oil, showing DPPH, ABTS, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid levels of $68.38{\pm}1.21%$, $83.51{\pm}1.25%$, $0.64{\pm}0.02mg/g$, and $5.57{\pm}0.05mg/g$, respectively. The S. horneri extracts showed a significant correlation between the antioxidant activity and phenolic content. Based on these results, the $SC-CO_2$ extract (ethanol) of the seaweed extract from brown seaweed may be a valuable antioxidant source.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제16권3호
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• pp.30-37
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• 2008

The evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ (R-744) in horizontal tubes was investigated experimentally. The experiments were conducted without oil in a closed refrigerant loop which was driven by a magnetic gear pump. The main components of the refrigerant loop are a receiver, a variable-speed pump, a mass flow meter, a pre-heater and evaporator (test section). The test section consists of a smooth, horizontal stainless steel tube of 7.75 and 4.57 mm inner diameter. The experiments were conducted at saturation temperature of $-5^{\circ}C\;to\;5^{\circ}C$, and heat flux of 10 to $40kW/m^2$. The test results showed the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ are highly dependent on the vapor quality, heat flux and saturation temperature. The pressure drop measured during the evaporation process of $CO_2$ increases with increased mass flux, and decreases as the saturation temperature increased. The evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ is very lower than that of R-22. In comparison with test results and existing correlations, the best fit of the present experimental data is obtained with the correlation of Choi et al. But existing correlations failed to predict the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$. Therefore, it is necessary to develop reliable and accurate predictions determining the evaporation pressure drop of $CO_2$ in a horizontal tube.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.265-274
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• 2011

Nowadays, the importance of non-point source pollution treatment is being emphasized. Especially, the easy runoff characteristic of highly concentrated pollutants in the roads makes the circumstance more complicated due to impermeability of roads. When the pollutants flow into steam it could make water quality in stream worse and it also causes a bad influence in the aquatic ecosystem because the effluents of rainfall-runoff may contain indecomposable materials like oil and heavy metals. Therefore, we tried to figure out the property of non-point source pollution when it is raining and carried out an assessment for the property of runoff for non-point source pollution and EMC (Event Mean Concentrations) of the essential pollutants during this study. As the result of the study, the EMC was BOD 5.2~21.7 mg/L, COD 7.5~35.4 mg/L, TSS 71.5~466.1 mg/L, T-N 0.682~1.789 mg/L and T-P 0.174~0.378 mg/L, respectively. The decreasing rate of non-point pollutant in Chungyang-Hongsung road indicates the maximum decrease of 80% until 5 mm of rainfall based on SS concentration; by the rainy time within 20~30 minutes, the decreasing rate of SS concentration was shown as 88.0~97.6%. Therefore it was concluded that it seems to be possibly control non-point pollutants if we install equipments to treat non-point pollutants with holding capacity of 30 min. It is supposed that the result of this study could be used for non-point pollutants treatment of roads in Chungyang-Hongsung area. We also want to systematically study and consistently prepare the efficient management of runoff from non-point source pollution and pollutant loading because the characteristics of non-point source pollution runoff changes depending on different characteristics and situations of roads and rainfall.

• 펄프종이기술
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• 제39권2호
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• pp.31-37
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• 2007

Lithography like off-set printing is processed using the repellent properties between water and oil, so all inks for off-printing must work with dampening solution(water). The dampening water may cause the emulsification of ink by the printing pressure in the printing nip. This study aimed to investigate the effect of emulsified inks on print mottle. The cyan ink was emulsified artificially with the different IPA(isopropyl alcohol) content in this study. We evaluated the print mottle by densitometer and image analysis method. The print mottle phenomenon was directly affected by IPA content. The emulsification of inks also had an influence on flow properties of inks and it increased ink transfer rate. It, however, caused low ink density. Moreover the emulsified inks were spreaded to around dots and cause the thinning density on the non-printing area like print mottle. The trial printing showed that the emulsified inks also cause scumming on the printing result with little mistake of adjusting dampening solution and mostly decreasing dot reproduction. We could, therefore, find out the obvious effect of emulsified inks on print mottle.

• 대한기계학회논문집A
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• 제35권11호
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• pp.1383-1389
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• 2011

제로터 펌프는 용적식 펌프로서 유압 및 수압장치에 적합하며, 다양한 분야에서 널리 사용되어지고 있다. 이러한 이유로 많은 연구자들에 의해 연구되어지고 있다. 본 연구에서는 선행연구자들에 의해 연구되어진 제로터의 이론적 설계 방법을 토대로 설계식의 타당성을 검증해보고 곡선족의 포락선으로 부터 로터 프로파일을 설계하는 방법을 설명하고 CAD기법을 이용한 계산과 실험을 통하여 설계 프로파일과 배제용적 산출 방법의 타당성을 비교 검증 하였다. 제로터 펌프의 특성실험을 통하여 성능을 확인하고 제로터 펌프의 디자인과 배제용적 산출 방법을 설명하였다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.34-47
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• 1985

The developing country, KOREA where does not possess the natural resources for traditional energy such as oil and gas, so. The nuclear energy is the most single reliable source available for closing the energy gap. For these reason, It is inavoidable to construct the nuclear power plant and to develop technology related nuclear energy. The rate of operation in large nuclear power facilities depends upon the performance of work system through design and construction, and also the applied technology. Especially, it is the most important element that safety and reliability in operation of nuclear power plant. In view of this aspects, Nuclear power plant is performed severe examinations during preservice and inservice inspection. This study provide an automation of analysis for volumetric examination which is required to nuclear power plant components. It is composed as follows: I. Introduction II. Inservice Inspection of Nuclear Power Plant ${\ast}$ General Requirement. ${\ast}$ Principle and Methods of Ultrasonic Test. ${\ast}$ Study of Flaw Evaluation and Design of Classifying Formula for Flaws. III. Design of Automation for Flaw Evaluation. IV. An Example V. Conclusion In this theory, It is classifying the flaws, the formula of classifying flaws and the design of automation that is the main important point. As motioned the above, Owing to such as automatic design, more time could be allocated to practical test than that of evaluation of defects, Protecting against subjective bias tester by himself and miscalculation by dint of various process of computation. For the more, adopting this method would be used to more retaining for many test data and comparative evaluating during successive inspection intervals. Inspite of limitation for testing method and required application to test components, it provide useful application to flow evaluation for volumetric examination. Owing to the characteristics of nuclear power plant that is highly skill intensive industry and has huze system, the more notice should be concentrated as follows. Establishing rational operation plan, developing various technology, and making the newly designed system for undeveloped sector.

• 융합신호처리학회논문지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.143-148
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• 2007

영상처리에 있어서 갑작스러운 신호와 불확실한 시스템의 특징을 정확하게 표현하기 위하여 많은 연구가 수행되어 왔다. 많이 알려진 퓨리어 변환은 임의 신호의 주파수 해석에 폭넓게 사용되어 왔다. 그러나 이 방법은 시간 축에서 발생하는 갑작스러운 신호 변환과 비정상적인 신호를 주파수 변환 영역에서 나타낼 수 없으므로 유용하지 않다. 본 논문은 이산 웨이브렛을 이용한 영상해석을 하였다. 이는 웨이브렛 영역에서의 극대치는 Lipschitz 지수 표현이 가능하고, 또한 극대치만 사용하여 영상 데이터의 윤곽선 및 데이터 특성을 표현하는 유용함을 나타내었다. 더욱이 적은 극대치만을 사용하여 본래 영상을 재생하는 것도 가능하게 되었다. fractal 해석은 예로서 적용되었다. 그리고, 모형 배에서 기름 띠의 가시화 영상이 해석되었다. 극대치 해석으로 fractal 변수를 구하고, 가시화 영상 해석의 실험으로 양호한 결과를 얻었다.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
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• 제32권5호
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• pp.15-21
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 인화성 액체가 비닐바닥에 뿌려져 화재가 발생되었을 때의 성장 특성 및 탄화 패턴 등을 해석하는데 있다. 아세톤은 화염이 착화되고 약 0.2 s 경과되었을 때 화염이 최성기에 도달하였다. 화염은 난류 패턴이며, 연기의 색상은 흰색이었다. 연소가 진행되는 하단은 층류 패턴이 확인되었고, 상단 부분은 난류 패턴이다. 연소 완료된 바닥은 희미한 포어 패턴을 나타냈다. 벤젠은 착화 후 약 0.6 s 경과하였을 때 강렬한 화염이 생성되었고, 길이는 약 50 mm로 측정되었다. 화염이 쇠퇴기로 접어들었을 때 불완전 연소에 의한 다량의 검은색 연기가 발생하였다. 연소가 완료된 바닥면의 탄화 패턴은 포어 패턴 및 스플래시 패턴 등이 확인되었다. 알코올은 착화되어 약 1.1 s 경과하였을 때 강렬한 화염이 형성되었다. 또한 인화성 액체가 고인 곳은 탄화 심도가 크게 형성되었고, 인화성 액체가 흘러간 곳의 경계면에서 탄화의 흔적이 확인되었다.

• 한국지반신소재학회논문집
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.21-30
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• 2012

본 논문에서는 2009년도 인천지역 토양오염 실태조사에 따른 오염 분포도를 분석하였다. 인천 남동국가 산업단지, 부평 이전 미군기지, 서구 매립지 등에서는 유류저장 시설, 자동차 및 유리 산업화, 군부대 시설에 따른 유류 및 중금속 유출 등의 산업 및 경제 활동으로 토양오염 분포도가 다소 높게 조사되었다. 특히 인천의 토양오염 우려 지역을 대상으로 수치해석을 통한 장래 오염 평가를 하였다. 향후 5년 후 불소와 석유계총탄화수소의 오염은 점차 정화 될 것으로 판단되지만, 오염지역의 관리가 소홀하거나 주변지역으로 유출시 이 기간 내에 주변 확산과 시간경과에 따른 오염 진행은 커질 것으로 판단된다.

• 한국기계가공학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.34-41
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• 2018

A flange joint is a pipe connection used to prevent the leakage of high-pressure fluids by inserting a gasket and tightening the bolts. Among several kinds of gaskets available, metal ring type joint gaskets are most widely used in conditions that require high-temperature and high-pressure fluid flow, such as oil pipelines, gas pipes, pumps, valve joints, etc. The purpose of this study is to investigate the contact pressure and stress characteristics closely related to the sealing performance of Class 900 flange joints used in high temperature and high pressure environments. The dimensions of flange joints with five different nominal pipe sizes were determined with reference to those specified in ASME 16.5. The metal ring gaskets inserted in the joints were octagonal and oval gaskets. The bolt tensile forces calculated from the tightening torques were input as the bolt pretension loads in order to determine the contact pressure and stress levels after fastening. Loading was composed of three steps, including the fastening step, and different amounts of applied pressures were used in each analysis to investigate the effect of fluid pressure on the contact force of the joints. A general-purpose software, ANSYS 17.2, was used for the analysis.