• 제목/요약/키워드: Off-set

검색결과 890건 처리시간 0.033초

피부병의 형상의학적 치료 (Treatment of Skin Diseases in Hyungsang Medicine)

  • 석민희;황원덕;정행규;이용태
    • 동의생리병리학회지
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    • 제18권3호
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    • pp.646-669
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    • 2004
  • By treating skin diseases with Hyungsang medicine and reviewing the clinical cases of them through classifying skin diseases into general care and into Hyungsang medical care, the writer came to the conclusion as followings. The skin is a house of Kyungnak, and it' s a place which Ki comes in and out, which human body controls conditions of his physiological function and which doctors can make a diagnosis from seeing it. The skin is subject to lung and large intestine in the point of organ, but in the point of movement, to spleen and stomach. Skin diseases come from unbalance of Ki and Hyul, mostly from fever in blood and also from Dam, Wind, Dampness and Dryness because of including fire. Generally skin diseases are treated according to classifying into distinctive symptoms, region, cause or time being occurred, and concomitant symptoms. After being divided into man and woman, age and youth, fatness and leanness, Jung Ki Shin Hyul type, visceral figures, Yukkyung shapes on Hyungsang medicine method, the remedy of skin diseases which is combined common meditation with Hyungsang medical method is efficacious. In distinguishing into man and woman, age and youth, man gets sick mainly by drinking liquor and exhausting Jung, woman is taken ill generally by indigestion and Damwha, especially by drinking liquor. Young child gets ill mostly from inherent weakness, but in many cases he is occurred by disturbed digestion, so he must be taken care of ingesting food. The aged becomes ill from weakening, so he must be treated according to reasons of diseases. To fatness and leanness, skin diseases are showed symptoms by weakened Yang, insufficient Yin or excess fever on the theory of upper and lower parts, by unbalance of Ki and Hyul on the theory of left and right, by Dryness and Dampness on the theory of front and rear and by insufficiency of vitality and combined fever on the theory of inside and outside. Therefore doctors must cure the symptoms according to the theory of upper and lower, left and right, front and rear and inside and outside. In type of Jung Ki Shin Hyul, the balances between Jung-Hyul and Shin-Ki are important points. Concretely Jung type comes to easily shortage of Jung or gathering abnormally Dampness and Dam, Ki type is easy to make a mass with Ki or to be deficient of Ki, Shin type comes to press seven emotions togather or to be insufficient of Yin and fever inside, and Hyul type is inclined to be deficient of Hyul and to become feverish or to be deficient of Ki. Therefore on the ground of the above reasons skin diseases come into existence. Inclusively in Jung-Hyul type , Ki must be moved on the base of full Jung-Hyul, so Wukmijiwhangtang or Samultang is prescribed basically. In Shin-Ki type , Jung-Hyul is saved on the base of moving Ki, so Hyangsosan or Yijintang is the proper prescription. Considering the visceral figures, doctors judge for diagnosis and remedy by putting together the elements, that is, great and small sizes of a set of features (eye, ear, mouth, nose), color and temper. The yukkyung types are classified according to many or few of Ki-Hyul, and then skin diseases appear by being inclined toward one side between Ki and hyul, or among the six atmospheric elements(wind, cold, heat, dampness, dryness, and fire). Especially because Yangmyung type is full of much Ki and Hyul, and also has much fever in stomach, he gets skin symptoms frequently. So his prescription is based on taking off fever in stomach, and also he must be careful about regimen certainly.

식초절임 무의 HACCP 시스템 적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해 분석 (Microbiological Hazard Analysis for HACCP System Application to Vinegared Pickle Radishes)

  • 권상철
    • 한국식품위생안전성학회지
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    • 제28권1호
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    • pp.69-74
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    • 2013
  • 본 연구는 식초절임 무의 HACCP (Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point)시스템 구축을 위하여 생물학적 위해요소분석을 위한 목적으로 2012년 2월 1일~6월 31일까지 약 150일 동안 수행하였다. 일반적인 식초절임 무 제조업체의 제조공정을 참고로 하여 공정도를 작성하였으며, 식초절임 무의 원료 농산물(무), 용수, 첨가물과 포장재료에 입고, 보관, 정선, 세척, 표피제거, 절단, 선별, 충진, 내포장, 금속검출, 외포장, 보관 및 출하공정에 대하여 작성하였다. 원료 무의 세척 전, 세척 후의 Coliform group, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella spp., Bacillus cereus, Listeria Monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, Clostridium perfringens, Yeast 와 Mold를 측정한 결과 Bacillus cereus는 세척 전 $5.00{\times}10$ CFU/g이었으나, 세척 후 검출되지 않았으며, Yeast 와 Mold 는 세척 전 $3.80{\times}10^2$ CFU/g, 세척 후 10 CFU/g로 감소되었으며 나머지 병원성균은 검출되지 않았다. 조미액의 pH(2~5)별 미생물의 변화를 시험한 결과 모든 균이 검출되지 않은 pH 3~4를 조미액의 pH로 결정하였다. 작업장별 공중낙하균 (일반세균수, 대장균, 진균수) 시험결과 내포장실, 조미액가공실, 세척실, 보관실의 미생물수는 10 CFU/Plate, 2 CFU/Plate, 60 CFU/Plate 그리고 20 CFU/Plate 가 검출되었다. 종사자 손바닥 시험결과 일반세균수 346 $CFU/Cm^2$, 대장균군 23 $CFU/Cm^2$로 높게 나타나 개인위생관리에 대한 교육 및 훈련이 요구 되었다. 제조설비 및 기구의 표면오염도를 검사한 결과 모든 시료에서 대장균군은 검출되지 않았고, 일반세균은 PP Packing machin과 Siuping machine (PE Bulk)에서 가장 많은 $4.2{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$, $2.6{\times}10^3CFU/Cm^2$ 검출되었다. 위의 위해분석 결과 병원성미생물을 예방, 감소 또는 제거할 수 있는 조미액 가공 공정이 CCP-B (Biological)로 관리되어야 하고, 한계기준은 pH 3~4로 결정하였다. 따라서 전통한과생산에의 HACCP 모델 적용을 위한 미생물학적 위해도 평가에서와 같이 조미액 가공 공정의 관리기준 및 이탈시 조치방법, 검증방법, 교육 훈련과 기록관리 등 철저한 HACCP 관리계획이 필요할 것으로 생각된다.

만성폐쇄성폐질환의 급성 악화시 예후 인자로서의 혈중 B-type Natriuretic Peptide의 역할 (The Prognostic Role of B-type Natriuretic Peptide in Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease)

  • 이지현;황일준;오소연;김옥준;김현국;김은경;이지현
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제56권6호
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    • pp.600-610
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    • 2004
  • 연구배경 : 혈중 BNP 의 측정은 간단한 혈액검사로 바로 시행할 수 있고 우심부하의 정도에 비례하여 증가하므로, 혈액 검사 당시의 혈역학적 상태를 잘 반영할 수 있다. 이에 저자들은 급성 악화로 응급실에 내원한 만성폐쇄성폐질환 환자의 혈역학적 불안정 정도가 환자의 예후와 상관이 있을 것으로 생각하였고, 이를 반영하는 지표로 혈중 BNP 검사를 이용하였다. 대상 및 방법 : 2002년 6월부터 2003년 12월까지 본원 응급실을 통해 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 급성악화로 입원한 환자 중 응급실 내원 당시 혈중 BNP 검사를 시행 받았던 환자를 대상으로 하여 입원 중이나 퇴원 후 24시간 이내에 사망한 환자와 생존한 환자를 두군으로 나누고 후향적으로 비교하였다. 결 과 : 다중회귀분석상 생존군과 사망군간에는 $FEV_1$(% of predicted), APACHE II score, BNP 수치만이 의미 있는 차이를 보였다(p=0.043, 0.025, 0.024). ROC curve 상 BNP 88pg/mL 이상에서 사망을 예측하는 민감도는 90%, 특이도는 75%를 보였고, BNP 88pg/mL를 기준으로 사망에 대한 Fisher's exact test를 시행하였을 때 교차비는 21.2였다. 결 론 : 본 연구 결과 혈중 BNP 값은 만성폐쇄성폐질환의 급성 악화 시에 예후를 예측할 수 있는 인자일 가능성이 있으며, 내원 당시 BNP 값이 높은 환자들에 대한 적극적인 처치가 필요할 것으로 사료되었다.

모자건강관리를 위한 위험요인별 감별평점분류기준 개발에 관한 연구 (A Study on the Risk Factors for Maternal and Child Health Care Program with Emphasis on Developing the Risk Score System)

  • 이광옥
    • 대한간호학회지
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    • 제13권1호
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    • pp.7-21
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    • 1983
  • For the flexible and rational distribution of limited existing health resources based on measurements of individual risk, the socalled Risk Approach is being proposed by the World Health Organization as a managerial tool in maternal and child health care program. This approach, in principle, puts us under the necessity of developing a technique by which we will be able to measure the degree of risk or to discriminate the future outcomes of pregnancy on the basis of prior information obtainable at prenatal care delivery settings. Numerous recent studies have focussed on the identification of relevant risk factors as the Prior infer mation and on defining the adverse outcomes of pregnancy to be dicriminated, and also have tried on how to develope scoring system of risk factors for the quantitative assessment of the factors as the determinant of pregnancy outcomes. Once the scoring system is established the technique of classifying the patients into with normal and with adverse outcomes will be easily de veloped. The scoring system should be developed to meet the following four basic requirements. 1) Easy to construct 2) Easy to use 3) To be theoretically sound 4) To be valid In searching for a feasible methodology which will meet these requirements, the author has attempted to apply the“Likelihood Method”, one of the well known principles in statistical analysis, to develop such scoring system according to the process as follows. Step 1. Classify the patients into four groups: Group $A_1$: With adverse outcomes on fetal (neonatal) side only. Group $A_2$: With adverse outcomes on maternal side only. Group $A_3$: With adverse outcome on both maternal and fetal (neonatal) sides. Group B: With normal outcomes. Step 2. Construct the marginal tabulation on the distribution of risk factors for each group. Step 3. For the calculation of risk score, take logarithmic transformation of relative proport-ions of the distribution and round them off to integers. Step 4. Test the validity of the score chart. h total of 2, 282 maternity records registered during the period of January 1, 1982-December 31, 1982 at Ewha Womans University Hospital were used for this study and the“Questionnaire for Maternity Record for Prenatal and Intrapartum High Risk Screening”developed by the Korean Institute for Population and Health was used to rearrange the information on the records into an easy analytic form. The findings of the study are summarized as follows. 1) The risk score chart constructed on the basis of“Likelihood Method”ispresented in Table 4 in the main text. 2) From the analysis of the risk score chart it was observed that a total of 24 risk factors could be identified as having significant predicting power for the discrimination of pregnancy outcomes into four groups as defined above. They are: (1) age (2) marital status (3) age at first pregnancy (4) medical insurance (5) number of pregnancies (6) history of Cesarean sections (7). number of living child (8) history of premature infants (9) history of over weighted new born (10) history of congenital anomalies (11) history of multiple pregnancies (12) history of abnormal presentation (13) history of obstetric abnormalities (14) past illness (15) hemoglobin level (16) blood pressure (17) heart status (18) general appearance (19) edema status (20) result of abdominal examination (21) cervix status (22) pelvis status (23) chief complaints (24) Reasons for examination 3) The validity of the score chart turned out to be as follows: a) Sensitivity: Group $A_1$: 0.75 Group $A_2$: 0.78 Group $A_3$: 0.92 All combined : 0.85 b) Specificity : 0.68 4) The diagnosabilities of the“score chart”for a set of hypothetical prevalence of adverse outcomes were calculated as follows (the sensitivity“for all combined”was used). Hypothetidal Prevalence : 5% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% Diagnosability : 12% 23% 40% 53% 64% 75% 80%.

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급성 폐혈전색전증 환자에서 예후 인자로서 혈중 BNP의 의의 (The Prognostic Role of B-type Natriuretic Peptide in Acute Pulmonary Thromboembolism)

  • 이수진;이재형;박지영;조우성;김지은;김기욱;박혜경;김윤성;이민기;박순규
    • Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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    • 제60권5호
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    • pp.540-547
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    • 2006
  • 연구배경: 폐혈전색전증은 혈역학적 안정성과 우심부전의 정도가 중요한 예후인자이다. 우심부전을 조기에 파악하는 것이 중요하지만 실제 임상에서는 판단이 쉽지 않은 경우가 많으므로 심초음파를 포함한 다양한 진단 방법이 연구되고 있다. 저자들은 급성폐혈전색전증의 예후 인자로서의 혈중 BNP를 평가하고자 하였다. 방 법: 2002년 1월부터 2005년 5월까지 부산대학교병원 응급실을 내원하여 급성 폐혈전색전증으로 진단된 환자중 BNP 검사와 심초음파 검사를 시행하였던 34명의 환자를 대상으로 의무기록을 검토하였다. 예후 예측인자로 중환자실 입실여부, 인공 환기 치료 유무, 활력징후의 안정성여부, 합병증의 동반, 사망여부, 심초음파의 폐동맥압력 값과 삼첨판막의 역류정도를 설정하여 혈중 BNP 농도와의 연관성을 평가하였고 혈역학적 안정성을 기준으로 두 군으로 나누어 두 군을 구분하는 BNP의 cutoff 값을 구하였다. 결 과: 활력징후의 안정성 여부, 우심실 수축기압과 삼첨판막의 역류 정도, 기계환기 시행여부, 사망여부가 혈중 BNP 농도와 통계적으로 유의한 상관관계를 보였으며 활력징후 안정성에 대한 다중회귀분석을 시행한 결과 사망, BNP 농도, 기계 환기 여부가 통계적 의의를 보였다. 활력징후 안정성을 기준으로 안정군과 불안정군으로 나눌때 양군의 분류를 위한 BNP 농도의 cut-off level은 377.5 pg/dl에서 가장 민감도와 특이도가 높았다. 결 론: 혈중 BNP는 여러 예후 예측인자들과 통계적으로 유의한 상관 관계를 보였고 측정이 쉽고 빠른 시간 내 결과를 확인할 수 있으므로 폐혈전색전증 환자의 우심부전 정도를 평가하기 위한 심초음파나 폐혈관 조영술등의 검사가 어려운 경우나 이 값들을 보정하는 경우에 있어서 유용한 예후 인자로 고려 할 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

마오리族 傳統 服飾과 文身 考察 (A Study on the Traditional Costumes and Tattoo of the Maori)

  • 황춘섭;정현주
    • 복식문화연구
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    • 제3권2호
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    • pp.241-260
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    • 1995
  • The Maori's traditional clothing materials, basic forms of dress, and the pattern and technique of tatoo were examined in the present study in order to deepen the appreciation of the cultural heritage of the Maori. The research method employed was the analysis of written materials. And a fild-trip was also made for the study. The study was limitted to the traditional culture of body adornment of the Maori including the clothing which is preserved and practicing by them at the present day, and the origin and the process of the historical development of those are not included in the scope of the present study. Followings are the results of the study: (1) By far the most widely used fiber for Maori clothing is abtained from what is commonly called New Zealand Flax. The fiber of kiekie(Freycinetia baueriana) and cabbage trees(Cordyline spp.) may also be used. The strong, long-lasting fiber of toi(cordyline indivisa) is used for a prestige warrior's cloak. Flat strips of ti kauka(Cordyline australi) are also used as thatch on rain cloaks. (2) Regardless of technique used, Maori weaving is always worked horizontally from left to right. Traditionally the work was suspended between two upright turuturu or weaving sticks. As the work progressed a second pair of uprights was used to keep the work off the ground. These uprights were moved forward as required. Because the weaver sat on the ground, the working edge was kept at a height that was comfortable to reach. No weaving tools are used, the wefts(aho) being manipulated by the fingers. The two main Maori weaving techniques are whatu aho patahi(single-pair twining) and whatu aho rua(double-pair twining). (3) The Maori wore two basic garments - a waist met and a cloak. The cloth of commoners were of plain manufacture, while those of people of rank were superior, sometimes being decorated with feather or dyed tags and decorated borders. Children ran more-or-less naked until puberty, being dressed only for special events. Some working dress consisted of nothing more than belts with leaves thrust under them. Chiefs and commoners usually went barefoot, using rough sandals on journeys over rough country (4) The adornment of men and women of rank was an important matter of tribal concern as it was in chiefly persons that prestige of the group was centred, The durable items of Maori persons adornment were either worn or carried. Ornaments of various kinds were draped about the neck or suspended from pierced earlobes. Combs decorated the head. Personal decorations not only enhanced the appearance of men and women, but many had protective magical function. The most evident personal ornament was the hei-tiki made of jade or other material. Maori weapons were treasured by their owners. They served on bottle and were also personal regalia. A man of rank was not fully dressed without a weapon in hand. Also weapons were essential to effective oratory. (5) No man or woman of rank went without some tattoo adornment except in extremely rare instances when a person was too sacred to have any blood shed. The untattooed were marked as beeing commoners of no social standing. This indelible mark of rank was begun, with appropriate rite and ritual, at puberty. And tattoo marked the person as being of a marriageable age. Maori tattoo was unlike most traditional tattoo in that its main line were 'engraved' on the face with deep cuts made by miniature bone chisels. The fill-in areas were not tattooed with cuts but with the multiple pricks of small bone 'combs' that only lightly penetrated the skin surface. The instrument of tattoo consisted of small pots of pumice or wood into which was placed a wetted black pigment made from burnt kauri gum, burnt vegetable caterpillars or other sooty materials. A bird bone chisel or comb set at right angles on a short wooden handle was dipped into the gigment, that a rod or stick was used to tap head of this miniature adze, causing penetration of the skin surface. Black pigment lodged under the skin took on a bluish tinge. A full made facial tattoo consisted of major spirals with smaller spirals on each side of the nose and sweeping curved lines radiating out from between the brows over the forehead and from the nose to the chin. The major patterns were cut deep, while the secondary koru patterns were lightly pricked into the skin.

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동계시설내 보광이 수경재배 착색단고추(Capsicum annum L.)의 생육에 미치는 영향 (Effects of Supplemental Lighting on Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) in Hydroponic Culture under Low Levels of Natural Light in Winter)

  • 김용범;배종향;박미희
    • 원예과학기술지
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    • 제29권4호
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    • pp.317-325
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    • 2011
  • 본 연구는 보광이 착색단고추의 수량과 품질에 미치는 영향을 구명하여 생산성과 품질향상을 위한 착색단고추 재배기술 확립의 기초 자료를 얻고자 수행하였다. 보광시간대별 광합성은 아침 일출 전 보광에서는 1.5-$3.0{\mu}mol{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 광합성속도를 나타냈으며, 일몰 후 보광은 0.5-$1.5{\mu}mol{\cdot}CO_2{\cdot}m^{-2}{\cdot}s^{-1}$의 광합성속도를 보여 일출 전 보광이 더 효과적인 것으로 나타났다. 보광에 따른 증산율과 기공전도도는 일출 직후 보광과 함께 높게 상승한 후 소등 후 다시 감소하였다. 보광에 따른 기공면적은 $32.2{\mu}m^2$로 나타났으며, 자연일장(무처리)은 $7.7{\mu}m^2$로 현미경상에서 거의 닫힘 상태를 보였다. 보광에 따른 생육특성에서 스피리트 품종의 경우 초장은 일출 전 후 3시간 보광에 비하여 일몰 후 3시간 보광이 크게 나타났으며, 보광처리가 자연일장에 비하여 모두 초장이 높은 것으로 나타났다. 평균 착과수는 일출 전 후 3시간 보광이 4.3개였고, 일몰 후 3시간 보광은 3.7개였으며, 자연일장은 2.6개로 보광처리가 자연일장에 비하여 착과수가 많았다. 과실의 당도는 보광처리에 따른 유의적인 효과는 없었으나, 수확시기에 따라서는 약간 차이가 있었다. 10a당 상품수량은 스피리트 품종의 경우 보광 처리시 11,605kg인 반면, 자연일장은 7.578kg이었다. 전력소모와 시설비에도 불구하고, 경제성 분석결과 순소득도 일출 후 3시간 보광이 자연일장보다 51%정도 높게 나타났다.

북태평양 한국 꽁치봉수망어엽의 현황 분석 (Analysis on the Present Condition of the Korean Stick-held Dip Net Fishery for Pacific Saury in the North Pacific Ocean)

  • 조현수;문대연;김영승;이주희;김형석
    • 수산해양기술연구
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    • 제40권2호
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    • pp.97-103
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    • 2004
  • 북태평양에서 조업하는 우리나라 꽁치봉수망어업의 어획량과 시기별 어장 중심 및 어획적수온 등을 검토하고 조업시 소나 사용에 따른 어획 효과를 분석하였다. 조업 시기는 5~12월이었고 어획 비율과 CPUE 측면에서 볼 때, 한${\cdot}$일 어업협정 발효 이전인 1985~1998년의 주어기는 9~11월로, 발효 이후인 1999~2002년의 주어기는 8~10월로 추정되었다. 한${\cdot}$일 어업협정 이후 어장 중심은 일본 동쪽 연안 측으로부터 러시아 남쿠릴열도 동쪽인 43$^{\circ}$N 와 151$^{\circ}$E 부근으로 이동하였다. 꽁치의 어획적수온은 5월에는 12.5~14.4$^{\circ}C$, 6월은 12.0~14.2$^{\circ}C$, 7월은 11.4~13.9$^{\circ}C$, 8월은 11.4~15.9$^{\circ}C$, 9월은 12.9~16.9$^{\circ}C$, 10월은 12.7~l7.3$^{\circ}C$, 11월은 13.1~17.6$^{\circ}C$ 그리고 12월에는 15.0~19.1$^{\circ}C$이었다. 어획종은 총 13종으로서 목표종인 꽁치가 99.9% 어획되어 대부분을 차지하였다. 조업일수는 소나를 보유한 조업선과 소나를 보유 하지 않은 조업선 사이에 뚜렷한 차이를 나타내지 않았으나 투망횟수, 어획량 및 CPUE는 소나를 보유한 조업선이 각각 13%, 26%, 12% 높게 나타났다.

노인복지시설(老人福祉施設)에 대한 대학생(大學生)의 의식(意識)과 관련요인(關聯要因) (An Awareness of Welfare Facility for the Elderly and It's Related Factors of College Students)

  • 좌윤택;남철현;박천만
    • 대한예방한의학회지
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    • 제2권1호
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    • pp.87-111
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    • 1998
  • For the newly approach of policy with the old aged era at hand, the result which examines the 1,200 students attending professional colleges and upward in three small-to-medium sized cities, for two months, from October 1, 1996 to November 30, in order to know the change of consciousness of the growing modern young intellectual age group is as follows. 1. The objects of survey consist of 72.1% of women, 40.4% of 20 to 21 age, 49.1% of atheists, and people from big cities and fishing and agrarian village occupy equally 40.2%. Concerning the long-termed residents, 49% of them dwell in big cities. In case of the parents' age is more than 55, 31.5% in fathers, and 10.9% in mothers. 2. The types of housing in which they desire to reside in their getting older are : 72.8% of them hope to live in individual houses, 16.6% in apartments or villas, and 3.4% in social welfare facilities. Out of respondents, compared with other groups, man rather than woman, those who are 20 to 21 age group and from fishing and agrarian villages and have over 7 family members and live with their parents have a higher preference for independent houses. 3. The districts in which they hope to live when they are old are : 41.6% of them, with the highest percent, hope to live in farming villages, the older they are, the more they hope to live in agricultural district, and women of 21 years and upward hope to live in big cities. On the other hand, the preferable degree for social welfare facilities is higher each in people who are 24 years and upward, buddhists, self-boarding students, and the more poorly they are off, the higher the percent is. 4. The types of preferable welfare facilities for the elderly are : 58.2% of them think silver towns desirable, 28.4% think the charged (or free) elderly welfare facilities. Compared with other groups, the percentage which prefer silver towns is higher in women, people from big cities, residents of main family, long-termed city residents, people with higher income, people having grandparents alive, and people who had experience of taking lectures on hygienics or social welfare. 5. 50.3% of the respondents insist that provision of living expenses against old age should be insured by social security system, and 42.8% by the elderly themselves. The percentage of the former shows higher in people of 21 years and upward, women, residents of fishing and agrarian villages, christians, people in more needy circumstances and people who have experience of using a medical institution. 6. Compared with other nations, 54.5% of the respondents have an opinion that elderly welfare and welfare work in Korea stays in insufficient level and most of them are women, people from farming village, residents of head family, people having younger parents and people being worse health condition, and they have a more positive attitude about the elderly welfare work. 7. 92.3% of the respondents answered that a national budget for the elderly welfare is scarce, and the percentage is higher in people who are older, residents of big cities, people in lower living condition and people in worse health condition. 8. 35.2% of the respondents answered that the proper cost of their old age must be over 220mi11ion. The more a family's total income is, the higher the percentage is. 9. The factors which have an effect on the preference of silver towns are sex(p<0.01, the type of the present residence(p<0.05), and a family's total income(p<0.05). 10. From the survey result of the above, we comes to the conclusion that, for the sake of welfare of the increasing elderly population, government authorities and parties concerned must exert their utmost for the elderly welfare by increasing a budget of it and establishing a number of facilities of the elderly welfare and silver towns located in fresh and comfortable villages. In addition, they have to set up a course of hygienics in all the colleges and instruct the contexts on hygienic welfare as well.

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국내 명태 Theragra chalcogramma 자연채란과 난황흡수까지의 난 발생 (Naturally Collection and Development until Yolk Absorption of Domestic Walleye Pollock Theragra chalcogramma Fertilized Eggs and Larvae)

  • 서주영;권오남
    • 한국산학기술학회논문지
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    • 제18권1호
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    • pp.49-54
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    • 2017
  • 우리는 자연에서 포획된 명태 어미를 이용하여 자연채란 시험을 하였으며, 이 과정에서 국내 명태 포획과 수정란의 발생 및 부화 후 난황흡수에 대한 정보를 얻는 것이 목적이다. 모든 명태는 삼중자망과 정치망에서 잡혀 당일 해양심층수 수조에 수용하였다. 이 어미 명태는 총 254마리에서 43.0% (86마리)가 2014년 3월에, 57.9%(147 마리)가 고성 남부지역에서 포획되었다. 그리고 주 산란기는 2월이었지만 (91.0% 개체들이 산란기), 6월까지 지속되었다. 포획 후 2015년 2월 4일에서 22일 사이에 12번의 자연채란으로부터 1,640 mL (~820,000개)의 수정란을 확보하였다. 자연채란된 수정란에서 14%(~115,000개)는 발달하지 않고 폐사하였다. 이 살아있던 부유란들은 $5.5{\pm}0.2^{\circ}C$의 해양심층수에서 사육 관리하였다. 이들의 크기는 $1.5{\pm}0.03mm$였다. 자연채취 후 6시간이 경과한 수정란은 2세포기, 24시간 경과 후에는 포배기 단계로 발생하였다. 그리고 자연채란 후 340 시간 경과 시 전장 $5.6{\pm}0.21mm$로 부화하였다. 이들 부화한 자어 길이와 난황의 면적은 $5.2{\pm}0.25mm$$9.5{\pm}1.00mm^2$였다. 그리고 4일이 경과하였을 때 난황은 $2.2{\pm}0.53mm^2$ (부화 당시 대비 $23.1{\pm}5.55%$)로 조사되었다. 결과적으로 우리의 연구결과는 국내에서 첫 명태 자연채란 사례로 해양심층수 수조에서 이루어졌다는 것이 매우 의의가 있다고 할 수 있다. 그리고 이를 통한 인공종묘생산과 자원회복의 가능성을 확인하였다고 할 수 있다.