• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.53 no.5
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• pp.641-645
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• 2015

Fascioliasis, a food-borne trematode zoonosis, is a disease primarily in cattle and sheep and occasionally in humans. Water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica), an aquatic perennial herb, is a common second intermediate host of Fasciola, and the fresh stems and leaves are widely used as a seasoning in the Korean diet. However, no information regarding Fasciola species contamination in water dropwort is available. Here, we collected 500 samples of water dropwort in 3 areas in Korea during February and March 2015, and the water dropwort contamination of Fasciola species was monitored by DNA sequencing analysis of the Fasciola hepatica and Fasciola gigantica specific mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) and nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS-2). Among the 500 samples assessed, the presence of F. hepatica cox1 and 1TS-2 markers were detected in 2 samples, and F. hepatica contamination was confirmed by sequencing analysis. The nucleotide sequences of cox1 PCR products from the 2 F. hepatica-contaminated samples were 96.5% identical to the F. hepatica cox1 sequences in GenBank, whereas F. gigantica cox1 sequences were 46.8% similar with the sequence detected from the cox1 positive samples. However, F. gigantica cox1 and ITS-2 markers were not detected by PCR in the 500 samples of water dropwort. Collectively, in this survey of the water dropwort contamination with Fasciola species, very low prevalence of F. hepatica contamination was detected in the samples.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.37-48
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• 2014

Lab scale rhizofiltration by using four plants was performed to investigate the uranium removal efficiency from groundwater. Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L.), radish sprouts (Raphanus sativus L.) and buttercup (Oenanthe javanica) were cultivated during 3 weeks in the phytotron. Glass jar ($12cm{\times}12cm{\times}8cm$ for each), containing 350 ml of the artificially uranium contaminated solution was used for 72 hours of the rhizofiltration. In experiments with different initial uranium concentration ($18.00{\mu}g/L$, $31.00{\mu}g/L$, $84.00{\mu}g/L$ and $116.00{\mu}g/L$) in solution, more than 70% of the initial uranium were removed by using lettuce, Chinese cabbage and radish sprouts and the residual uranium concentration in solution maintained lower than USEPA water tolerance limit ($30{\mu}g/L$). From the rhizofiltration experiments at various pH conditions, the highest uranium removal for all four plants was acquired at pH 3 in solution. Rhizofiltration experiments testing two field samples of groundwaters having high uranium concentrations ($86.00{\mu}g/L$ and $173.00{\mu}g/L$) were duplicated and more than 83% of the initial uranium were removed from the groundwater within 72 hours of rhizofiltration by using radish sprouts, which, suggests that the rhizofiltration can be a useful process to remediate uranium contaminated groundwater in the field. After the rhizofiltration experiment, the SEM and EDS analyses for the root surface of the radish sprouts were conducted, suggesting that the main mechanism of the rhizofiltration for the removal of uranium from groundwater would be surface precipitation on the root surface of the plant.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1731-1736
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• 2014

The quality characteristics, enzyme activity, and antioxidative activity of fermented wild grass juices were investigated during fermentation and ripening for 6 months. Fermented wild grass juice was prepared from wild grasses (Oenothera biennis, Portulaca oleracea, and Rhus verniciflua) and sugar. Wild grasses and sugar mixed at the same ratio (1:1, w/w) and ripened at $20^{\circ}C$ for 3 months after fermentation for 3 months at $20^{\circ}C$. The $^{\circ}Bx$ of all fermented wild grass juices (FWGJ) decreased during fermentation. The pH of all FWGJ decreased gradually during fermentation and did not show any significant difference during ripening. Viscosity of FWGJ increased during fermentation but decreased during ripening periods in all tested samples. Total viable cell of FWGJ decreased after fermentation for 1 month, whereas lactic acid bacteria were not detected during fermentation. Enzyme activity was lower than 1 unit during fermentation and ripening period in all tested FWGJ samples. Enzyme activity of commercial FWGJ (Acanthopanax sessiliflorum, Oenanthe javanica, Plantago asiatica L., Platycodon grandiflorum, Orostachys japonicus A.) showed lower activity of 1 unit following invertase, cellulase, and amylase activity.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.22 no.4
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• pp.405-411
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• 1993

Several studies have shown that phytol isolated from perilla leaf and small water dropwort (Oenanthe javanica (BL) D.C., wild type) extract reveal antirumor activities. In the present study we investigated the effect of phytol and the small water dropwort extract on the T subset in the sarcoma 180-transplanted mice in order to elucidate the immunological mechanism of antiturmor activity of these substances. The results obtained from the experiment were as follows : When phytol was injected into the sarcoma-180 transplanted mice (control), the levels of T cell and T subset by inoculation of the tumor cells were enhanced, but that of T cells in case of small water dropwort extract was similar to the control. Asialo GM1$^{＋}$ cells were increased when phytol or small water dropwort extract with injected into tumor-transplanted mice. In normal mice the number of asialo GM1$^{＋}$ cells increased with phytol injection and decreased with small water dropwort extract injection. L3T4$^{＋}$/Lyt-2$^{＋}$cell ratios were decreased when phytol was injected into tumor-transplanted mire, but increased in case of small water dropwort extract injection. In normal mice the ratios showed large decreases with phytol or small water dropwort extract injection. These results indicate that phytol or small water dropwort extract ran activate the proliferation of natural killer cells that are effector cells in tumor-bearing mice.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.236-241
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• 1997

Inhibitory effects of several edible plant extracts against 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A(HMG-CoA) reductase, a rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthesis of cholesterol, were screened. Inhibition rates of $10{\sim}15%$ were observed with hot water extracts of Allium fistulosum, Allium sativum and Cucurbita maxima. Methanol extracts of Aster scaber, Allium sativum, Zingiber officinale, Oenanthe javanica and Angelica keiskei effectively reduced the enzyme activity with inhibition rates of $29{\sim}51%$. The methanol extract of Angelica keiskei was fractionated sequentially with chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol. Of the fractions ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest inhibition against the enzyme. $Luteolin-7-O-{\beta}-D-glucoside$ and hyperoside isolated from the ethyl acetate fraction of Angelica keiskei inhibited the enzyme activity by 65.5% and 14.8%, respectively, at the concentration of $30{\mu}M$.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.275-282
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• 2016

STAR of STAR (SS 01-04) is a series of drinks that consist of various extracts obtained from Coriolus versicolor, Artemisia capillaris Thunb., Hovenia dulcis, Acanthopanax sessiliflorus, Lycium chinense, Citrus reticulata, Saururus chinensis, Pueraria lobata, Pyrus pyrifolia, and Oenanthe javanica. A purpose of this study was to investigate the hepatoprotective effect of SS 01-04. Antioxidant activity of the drinks was evaluated by conducting a hydroxyl radical-scavenging assay. Cytotoxicity and hepatoprotective potential were determined using HepG2 cells in vitro, while protective effects against acute hepatotoxicity was evaluated in vivo. The antioxidant activity of the SS 01-04 at concentration of 100 and 250 mg/mL was similar to that of $50{\mu}M$ vitamin C. tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP)-induced production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was blocked by SS 01, 03 and 04 in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment with SS 04 significantly lowered the serum levels of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase in an animal model of carbon tetrachloride $(CCl_4)-induced$ hepatotoxicity (p<0.05). In addition, SS04 increased glutathione level while decreased malondialdehyde level in the liver considerably (p<0.05). It also inhibited the $CCl_4-induced$ increase in the levels of triglyceride and cholesterol in serum and the liver. These findings indicated that SS 01-04 possessed antioxidant activity and protect against ROS. In particular, SS 04 is potentially highly beneficial in treating liver damage as it scavenges reactive free radicals and boosts the endogenous antioxidant system.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.162-170
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• 2008

The purpose of this study was to suggest the raw data on establishing the domestic wetland conservation plan. The results of this study were as follows. The vascular plants were summarized as 201 taxa in Ahnshim wetland; 57 families, 154 genera, 179 species and 22 varieties. The rare and endangered plant designated by Korea Forest Service was Hydorcharis dubia. In the wetland plants, the emerged plants were showed Typha angustata, Beckmannia syzigachne, Zizania latifolia, Phragmites communis, Persicaria thunbergii, Oenanthe javanica and Veronica undulata, and the submerged plants were Potamogeton crispus, Vallisneria asiatica, Hydrilla verticillata, Ceratophyllum demersum and Myriophyllum verticillatum. And the floating leaved plants were confirmed Potamogeton distinctus, Hydrocharis dubia, Nelumbo nucifera and Nymphoides peltata, and the floating plants were Salvinia natans, Spirodela polyrhiza and Lemna paucicostata. The naturalized plants were 33 taxa; Avena fatua, Dactylis glomerata, Rumex crispus, Rumex conglomeratus, Amaranthus retroflexus, Lepidium apetalum, Tlaspi arvense, Descurainia pinnata, Potentilla supina, Vicia villosa, Robinia pseruo-acacia, Amorpha fruticosa, Trifolium repens, Medicago sativa, Ailanthus altissima, Euphorbia supina, Oenothera lamarckiana, Quamoclit angulata, Ipomoea purpurea, Solanum nigrum, Veronica perisca, Helianthus tuberosus, Ambrosia artemisifolia var. elatior, Xanthium strumarium, Erigeron annuus, Erigeron canadensis, Conyza sumatrensis, Senecio vulgaris, Bidens frondosa, Tagetes minuta, Taraxacum officinale, Taraxacum laevigatum and Sonchus oleraceus.

• Clean Technology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.89-97
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• 2001

The purpose of this study was to find the optimum condition of the high removal efficiency of water pollutant as sewage treatment technology using a filtering bed charged with porous sintering-pellet which was planted with hydrophytes. Experiment was carried out by changing concentration of water pollutants(COD, T-N, T-P), kind of hydrophyte, kinds of filtering material and size, and HRT. The result of removal efficiency was obtained as following: COD removal 73.8~87.1% for input concentration range of 50~450mg/L, T-N removal 61.3~77.3% for input concentration range of 7~124mg/L, T-P removal 89.5~99.1% for input concentration ranger of 3~27mg/L. In a comparative experiment of three kinds of hydrophyte(Iris pseudoacorus, Phragmites communis $T_{RIN}$., Oenanthe javanica Dc.), the best removal efficiency of COD and T-N was gained with Iris pse-udoacorus, and Phragmites communis $T_{RIN}$ showed better result than two hydrophytes for the removal efficiency of T-P. In a comparative experiment of four kinds of filtering-materials, the removal efficiencies were in the order of porous sintering-pellet, gravel, nonused-tire and nonused-concrete. It was found that for the porous sintering-pellet, the smaller its diameter, the better its result. In the filtering bed in which was charged with porous sintering-pellets of 5mm diameter and planted with Iris pseudoacorus, the removal efficiency of COD, T-N and T-P were over 80%, 70% and 90% under the concentration of COD 250mg/L, T-N 70mg/L and T-P 15mg/L for 24hrs treatment. Thus, we concluded that a filtering bed charged with porous sintering-pellet and planted with hydrophytes will be suitable for treatment of sewage water as a pro-natural treatment technology.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.350-355
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• 2013

The quality of fermented dropwort extract (FDE) and fermented dropwort vinegar (FDV) was assessed for free sugar, organic acid and free and total amino acid content. Major organic acids were lactic acid in FDE and acetic acid in FDV. Free sugars in FDE were fructose and glucose, and those in FDV were fructose, sucrose, and maltose. Aspartic acid was the major free amino acid in both FDE and FDV. Additionally, the main free amino acids in FDE were alanine and ${\gamma}$-amino-n-butyric acid (GABA), while those in FDV were arginine and valine. Moreover, to investigate the protective effects of FDE and FDV against oxidative stress induced by t-BHP and $H_2O_2$, C6 cells were treated with FDE or FDV prior to inducing the oxidative damage. FDE and FDV inhibited cell death significantly in a dose-dependent manner. These data imply that FDE and FDV may be effective in neuronal cell protection against oxidative damage.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.390-399
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• 2007

We analyzed the vegetation environment at the stream section of habitat in which Cottus koreanus lives. The plant communities were classified into Fraxinus rhynchophylla community, Acer ginnala-Salix koreensis community, Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community, Salix gracilistyla community, Phragmites japonica community, Robinia pseudo-acacia community, and Oenanthe javanica-Persicaria thunbergii community. The frequency of Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community was the most. And also the frequencies of Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Salix gracilistyla community were high. In stream bank zone and terrace zone, the typically represented vegetation was the Fraxinus rhynchophylla community and Acer ginnala-Salix koreensis community and Phragmites japonica-Salix gracilistyla community, respectively. The rNCD of the top-priority plants applied to restoration of the vegetation in stream bank zone came out by the order of Ulmus davidiana var. japonica, Salix koreensis, Acer ginnala, Salix gracilistyla, and Fraxinus rhynchophylla. The rNCD in terrace zone was arranged by the order of Salix gracilistyla, Phragmites japonica, and Artemisia princeps. The spatial distribution of vegetation was the most greatly influenced by cross-sectional position of the surveyed stream, and this aspect is believed to be due to the habitat's physical stability. Species diversity also obviously makes a great difference depending on their surrounding physical stability.