• 센서학회지
• /
• 제25권6호
• /
• pp.423-430
• /
• 2016

This study used a single metal oxide semiconductor (MOS) sensor to classify the major odorous gases hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), ammonia ($NH_3$) and toluene ($C_6H_5CH_3$). In order to classify these odorous substances, the voltage on the MOS sensor heater was gradually reduced in 0.5 V steps 5.0 V to examine the changes to the response by the cooling effect on the sensor as the voltage decreased. The hydrogen sulfide gas showed the highest sensitivity compared to odorless air under approximately 2.5 V and the ammonia and toluene gases showed the highest sensitivity under approximately 5.0 V. In other words, the hydrogen sulfide gas reacted better in the low temperature range of the MOS sensor, and the ammonia and toluene gases reacted better in the high-temperature range. In order to analyze the response characteristics of the MOS sensor by temperature in a pattern, a two-dimensional (2D) x-y pattern analysis was introduced to clearly classify the hydrogen sulfide, ammonia, and toluene gases. The hydrogen sulfide gas was identified by a straight line with a slope of 1.73, whereas the ammonia gas had a slope of 0.05 and the toluene gas had a slope of 0.52. Therefore, the 2D x-y pattern analysis is suggested as a new way to classify these odorous substances.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.27-32
• /
• 2007

In this study, the concentrations of offensive odorous compounds seasonally emitted from the chemical plant at Chongju industrial complex in Korea were determined by the analytical methods of gas chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and uv/vis spectroscopy. The kinds of offensive odorous compounds examined are formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, butyl aldehyde, propion aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, trimethyl amine and ammonia. The seasonally emission levels of all odorous compounds except dimethyl sulfide at 13 sampling points of plant were lower than those of the regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea. The levels were the highest in June, and lowest in December. The propion aldehyde and iso-valeric aldehyde in June and December, butyl aldehyde in December, and n-valeric aldehyde were not detected in all the three seasons at any sampling points of the plant examined. But in June, dimethyl sulfide was emitted up to 16 times than that of the regulation level.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제16권1호
• /
• pp.33-38
• /
• 2007

The concentrations of offensive odorous compounds emitted from the two chemical plants in Chongju and Yeosu industrial complex in Korea were determined by uv/vis spectroscopy, gas chromatography, and high performance liquid chromatography. The odorous compounds examined in this study are ammonia, trimethyl amine, formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propion aldehyde, butyl aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, iso-valeric aldehyde, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide and dimethyl disulfide. The concentrations of those were determined from the 10 sampling points of the two plants, respectively. The emission concentrations of all odorous com-pounds examined in the two plants were lower than those of the regulation standard levels of industrial complex in Korea, respectively. The propion aldehyde, n-valeric aldehyde, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl disulfide in Chongju and Yeosu plants, and butyl aldehyde and iso-valeric aldehyde in Yeosu plant were not detected at any sampling points examined.

• 한국환경과학회지
• /
• 제21권1호
• /
• pp.49-55
• /
• 2012

In this study, the characteristic of offensive major odorous compound from the Bon-San industrial complex in Gimhae were determined by analytical methods of Gas Chromatography, High Performance Liquid Chromatography and UV/VIS Spectrophotometer. The kind of major odorous compounds examined acetaldehyde, sulfur compounds, ammonia and styrene. The concentration of all odorous compounds at 3 sampling points of industrial complex were lower than those of regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea. The mean concentration of hydrogen sulfide was 0.0235 ppm at sampling point 2, it was higher than other sampling point. Complex odors was lower than regulation standard levels of the industrial complex in Korea.

• 환경위생공학
• /
• 제13권1호
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 1998

Musty-odorous compound (Geosmin, 2-Methylisobrneol) 수용액 중에 초음파 (200kHz, $6.0W/cm^{2}$)를 조사시켜 조사시간에 따른 농도 및 취기의 변화를 고찰했다. 초음파 조사에 의해 이 물질들은 빠르게 분해되었고 분해 형태는 농도에 대한 유사1차 반응을 나타내었다. 공기 포화 분위기에서 이들의 초기 분해속도는 각각 2.5 $10^{-3}{\;}Msec^{-1}$(2-MIB), 3.2 $10^{-3}{\;}Msec^{-1}$ (Geosmin)로 나타났다. 초음파 조사 시 포화가스 (Envelope gas)의 영향은 아르곤(Ar) 산소($O_{2}$) 공기(Air) 질소($N_{2}$) 순서로 순수한 아르곤(Ar) 분위기에서 musty-odorous compound 류의 분해가 가장 빠르게 진행되었고 그 분해생성물로 CO, $CO_{2}$ 그리고 HCOOH, $CH_{3}COOH$ 등의 저급 유기산류가 검출되었다. 또한 이들의 분해반응은 물의 초음파분해에 따라 생성된 hydroxylradical에 의한 radical반응, cavitation bubble내에서의 고온고압에 의한 열분해 및 직접연소반응으로 진행됨을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제28권9호
• /
• pp.1362-1370
• /
• 2015

This study was performed to investigate the effect of different levels of dietary crude protein (CP) on composition of odorous compounds and bacterial communities in pig manure. A total of 48 male pigs (average initial body weight 45 kg) fed diets containing three levels of dietary CP (20%, 17.5%, and 15%) and their slurry samples were collected from the pits under the floor every week for one month. Changes in composition of odorous compounds and bacterial communities were analyzed by gas chromatography and 454 FLX titanium pyrosequencing systems, respectively. Levels of phenols, indoles, short chain fatty acid and branched chain fatty acid were lowest (p<0.05) in CP 15% group among three CP levels. Relative abundance of Bacteroidetes phylum and bacterial genera including Leuconostoc, Bacillus, Atopostipes, Peptonphilus, Ruminococcaceae_uc, Bacteroides, and Pseudomonas was lower (p<0.05) in CP 15% than in CP 20% group. There was a positive correlation (p<0.05) between odorous compounds and bacterial genera: phenol, indole, iso-butyric acid, and iso-valeric acid with Atopostipes, p-cresol and skatole with Bacteroides, acetic acid and butyric acid with AM982595_g of Porphyromonadaceae family, and propionic acid with Tissierella. Taken together, administration of 15% CP showed less production of odorous compounds than 20% CP group and this result might be associated with the changes in bacterial communities especially whose roles in protein metabolism.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제24권6호
• /
• pp.674-681
• /
• 2008

Silver as a metal catalyst has been used to remove odorous compounds. In this study, silver particles in nano sizes ($5{\sim}30nm$) were prepared on the surface of $NaHCO_3$, the supporting material, using a sputtering method. The silver nano-particles were dispersed by dissolving $Ag-NaHCO_3$ into water, and the dispersed silver nano-particles in the aqueous phase was applied to remove inorganic odor compounds, $NH_3$ and ${H_2}O$, in a scrubbing reactor. Since ammonia has high solubility, it was removed from the gas phase even by spraying water in the scrubber. However, the concentration of nitrate (${NO_3}^-$) ion increased only in the silver nano-particle solution, implying that the silver nano-particles oxidized ammonia. Hydrogen sulfide in the gas phase was rapidly removed by the silver nano-particles, and the concentration of sulfate (${SO_4}^{2-}$) ion increased with time due to the oxidation reaction by silver. As a result, the silver nano-particles in the aqueous solution can be successfully applied to remove odorous compounds without adding additional energy sources and producing any harmful byproducts.

• 한국토양환경학회지
• /
• 제4권1호
• /
• pp.85-96
• /
• 1999

퇴비를 충전물질로 사용한 생물탈취상으로 난지도매립지에서 발생되는 매립지가스 처리시 악취유발물질 및 휘발성 유기화합물의 제거특성과 생물탈취상의 적용가능성을 평가하고자 하였다 본 연구는 난지도매립지 상부에서 실시하였으며 충전물질로는 난지도퇴비화시범시설에서 생산된 퇴비를 사용하였다. 약 15ppmv로 유입된 황화수소는 25cm충전깊이에서도 98%이상 제거되었으며 산소공급중단 후 혐기성가스만 유입시에는 처리효율이 30%로 저하하였다. 평균유입농도 40ppmv에서의 암모니아 제거 효율은 85%정도이었다. BTEX중 톨루엔과 에틸벤젠의 제거효율은 80%로 벤젠과 자일렌보다 높았다. 수분손실은 가스유입구에서 가장 높게 나타났으며 약 30일 운전기간 동안 pH저하에 의한 산성화는 발생하지 않았다.

• 청정기술
• /
• 제18권2호
• /
• pp.209-215
• /
• 2012

분말활성탄과 제올라이트가 담지된 폴리우레탄 담체를 충진한 파일롯 규모의 바이오필터를 이용하여 암모니아와 황화수소의 처리 성능을 평가하였다. 약 10개월간 하수처리장 슬러지 농축조에서 발생하는 악취를 대상으로 바이오필터 유입 암모니아 농도는 0.1~1.5 $ppm_v$, 황화수소 농도는 2~20 $ppm_v$ 범위에서 운전되었다. 바이오필터의 공탑체류시간 3.6~5초 범위에서 초기 순응기간을 제외하고는 거의 모든 경우 100%에 가까운 악취 제거율을 보여주었다. 바이오필터에서의 기체흐름에 의한 압력손실도 매우 낮아 10개월 동안 최대 31 mm $H_2O$ 정도의 차압이 발생하였다. 이것은 본 연구에 이용된 바이오필터의 막힘이나 담체의 압착 현상이 거의 일어나지 않아 장기간의 운전에도 안정성을 확인할 수 있었다. 담체에 부착하여 서식하는 미생물군집은 바이오필터의 처리 성능에 중요한 영향을 미치는데 특히 암모니아나 황화수소를 제거하기 위한 암모니아 산화균과 황산화균의 분포가 중요하다. FISH (Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization) 방법으로 확인한 결과 질산화를 주관하는 암모니아 산화균인 Nitrosomonas sp.와 황산화균인 Thiobacillus ferroxidans가 검출되었다. 또한 바이오필터의 운전기간이 길어질수록, 그리고 악취의 유입부분이 유출부분에 비해 미생물 분포량이 더 많음을 확인하였다.

• 한국생물공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국생물공학회 2002년도 생물공학의 동향 (X)
• /
• pp.415-418
• /
• 2002

A performance of pilot scale biofilter was investigated for the treatment of odorous waste gas. The system treated 508.7 $m^3h^{-1}$ of waste air with amine and ammonia concentrations ranging up to 0.06 $N-gm^{-3}$ Over the four month study, its elimination capacity was demonstrated up to 6.37 $N-gm^{-3}h^{-1}$ and its removal efficiency was 100%. Differ to lab scale biofilter, It is difficult to maintain the proper temperature of reactor because of low external temperature. Experiments were performed indicating various problem such as sudden system shut down, unstable pump, water addition malfunction and corrosion of reactor. However, pilot scale biofilter was stable when treatment of odorous waste gas.