• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.653-658
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• 2008

The bacteria responsible for the reduction of ammonia concentration in a food-wastewater treatment facility were isolated and their characteristics were analyzed. The isolated bacteria were closely related to the bacteria belonging to genus Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Buttiauxella, Shigella, and Aeromonas, which were found in gut of animals, indicating the isolated bacteria may come from the butchery-byproduct of pigs which is the main component of wastewater. When we monitored the concentration of nitrite and nitrate in the process, it was relatively constant, indicating the isolated bacteria reduce ammonia concentration through ammonia assimilation. Based on the removal efficiency of ammonia by the isolated bacteria, we concluded that they play a role in the reduction of odorous compounds.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-94
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• 2013

This study was performed to investigate the effect of beet plup and IRG (Italian ryegrass) dry powder in fattening pig diet on reducing concentration of odorous compounds in the pig slurry. Fifty fattening boars [(Landrace ${\times}$ Yorkshire) ${\times}$ Duroc] were randomly assigned to one of 3 treatments (control, beet plup 5%, and IRG 5%). Pigs (BW 50~110 kg) were fed diets formulated to meet the Korean Feeding Standard (2012) and their excretion was collected from the slurry pits. Short chain fatty acid (SCFA) and branched chain fatty acid (BCFA) were higher in beet plup (31,786, 3,985 ppm) and IRG (32,755, 4,261 ppm) treatments, which was not different among treatments (p>0.05), compared to control (p<0.05). Concentrations of phenols and indoles were highest in beet plup (183.83, 168.59 ppm) and IRG (9.32, 8.92 ppm) treatments. Altogether, addition level of two contents was not appropriate to decrease concentration of odorous compounds.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.7 no.5
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• pp.615-622
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• 1998

The volatile organic compounds(VOCs) emitted from raw garlic and Kimchee were analyzed with thermal desorption or purge ＆ trap/gas chromatography/mass selective detection method. Very offensive compounds such as methyl allyl sulfide, dimethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, diallyl sulfide, methyl allyl disulfide, diallyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were detected, and among them, dimethyl disulfide and dimethyl trisulfide were confirmed to be generated during the precocity of Kimchee or emitted from the stuff of Kimchee other than the garlic. Malodorous compounds emitted from the garlic or Kimchee were detected in the breath of a Korean and the refregirator keeping Kimchee. It was confirmed that the disufides emitted from the garlic or Kimchee were major components of offensive odor in the alveolar air and the refregirator. It was clarfied that heat process is very effective to reduce odorous VOCs in garlic or Kimchee.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.373-380
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• 1994

Volatile organic compounds in the ambient air were gathered irregularly by normal temperature concentrating method at Odea-ri and Oceon-ri Ulsan-gun in the neighbourhood of Ulsan Petrochemical Industrial Complex and analyzed with gas chromatograph. Several hydrocarbons in common aklospheric air or emitted fugitively from the chemical plants were identified and quantified by comparison with the retention times of standard compounds. The results from several field surveys in 1992 show that the concentrations of styrene at residential area of Odea-ri and Ocheon-ri were less than 0.4 ppm, but once a while greater within the chemical plants area. When it smelled unpleasantly in these area, the concentration of hydrocarbons were also high. It was concluded that the close and long-term investigation about other odorous components but hydrocarbons will be necessary to ascertain the cause of unpleasant odor of these area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.277-285
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• 2014

The usage of efficient microorganism (EM) is increasing in concern for server purposes including odor removal during carcasses degradation. In this study, we have studied the type of soil and its effect on efficient microorganisms for the removal of odorous gases during buried carcasses degradation in lab-scale reactor. The carcasses are buried in the reactor with various soil types such as normal soil, 20% sandy and 20% clay soil with the efficient microorganism KEM. The efficient microorganisms KEM have the ability to stabilize the degradation of carcasses of the burial site. We have focused on the analysis of odorous gases such tri-methylamine (TMA), hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S$), methyl mercaptan (MM), dimethyl sulfide (DMS), dimethyl disulfide (DMDS), carbon dioxide ($CO_2$), and methane ($CH_4$) along with the changes of microbial community changed during complete degradation of buried carcasses for a year. The results suggested that the 20% sandy soil contain lesser level of $H_2S$ and MM (0.09 and 0.35 mg) but 20% clay has higher nitrogen compound removing effect and leave only less amount of ammonia and TMA (0.31 and 2.06 mg). The 20% sandy soil also has the ability to breakdown the carcasses more quality compared with other types of soil. Based on the data obtained in this study suggesting that, the use of 20% sandy soil can effectively control sulfur compounds whereas 20% clay soil controls nitrogen compounds in the buried soil. Depending on the type of the soil, the dominant of microbial communities and the distribution was change.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.147-157
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• 2007

This study was carried out to investigate the characteristics of fourteen odor compounds from a total of 10 sampling sites in residential areas around Banwol-Sihwa industrial complex. The measurement data are analyzed and compared with sensation of odor unit. Only a hydrogen sulfide out of four sulfur compounds was quantified above the detection limit (0.06 ppb) in the residential area around Banwol industrial complex with leather companies and a sewage treatment plant. The concentrations of VOCs were higher than those measured from a big city, and styrene showed the relatively high concentration from all sampling sites ($2.1{\sim}37.8\;ppb$). In the case of carbonyl compounds, acetaldehyde was found most frequently with the mean of 3.97 ppb, and its concentration difference was not significant between Banwol and Sihwa industrial complex. Of the nitrogen compounds, ammonia was measured at the relatively high concentration from all the sampling sites ($12{\sim}707\;ppb$), and a trimethylamine was found at the odor threshold level (0.1 ppb). The concentrations of styrene and ammonia showed relatively seasonal variation, the concentration of styrene in summer was five times higher than that in autumn, the concentration of ammonia in autumn was two times higher than that in summer. However other odorous compounds did not show such strong seasonal variation. Odor-concentration relationship between odor unit and $H_{2}S$ concentrations from industrial sources was examined and used as odor sensation evaluation, and thus the neighbourhood odor complaints maybe caused during the four seasons from the results.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Health Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.399-405
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• 2005

In this study, we investigated the gas chromatography (GC) and pulsed flame photometric detection (PFPD) system for the analysis of four major reduced S compounds including hydrogen sulfide ($H_2S)$; methyl mercaptan ($CH_3SH$); dimethyl sulfide (DMS); and dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) contained in environmental samples. To analyze these compounds in high concentration range (above ppb level), we developed a high mode analytical setting with the loop-injection system. By contrast, we also established a low mode setting for the analysis of low concentration samples (ppt-level samples from ambient air) by the combination with thermal desorption unit(TDU). Comparative analysis of both settings revealed that relative detection properties of four S compounds are systematic enough. The results of high mode analysis indicated that the patterns were systematic among compounds: H2S exhibited the lowest sensitivity, while DMBS showed the strongest one. The results were also compared in terms of sensitivity reductions for all compounds by dividing slope ratios between low and high mode system. Although low mode system exhibited significant reductions on the order of a few tens times, their detection characteristics were highly consistent as it was shown in the high mode setting. To learn more about absolute and relative relations between two different modes of S analysis, future studies may have to be directed to cover more complicated nature of GC/PFPD performance. Hydrogen sulfide($H_2S$) was over in summer about low level of olfactory sense 410 ppt, Methyl mercaptan(C$H_3SH$) was over in apring and summer about low level of olfactory sense 70, Dimethyl sulfide(DMS) was not over in four season about low level of olfactory sense 2,200 ppt. Carbon disulfide($CS_2$) was not over in four deason about Tow level of olfactory sense 210,000, Dimethyl disulfide(DMDS) was not over in summer about low level of olfactory sense2,000.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.162-168
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• 2016

The aim was to investigate the effect of reducing the odorous and complex odor released during the decomposition of food wastes using effective microorganism (EM) as a function of time at $20^{\circ}C$ and $35^{\circ}C$. The variation of total microbial counts and dominant species counts in EM and leachate produced during food wastes decomposition was also observed. In general, the cumulative concentration of sulfur compounds ($H_2S$, $CH_3SH$) and complex odor released during food wastes decomposition increased with increasing elapsed time. The nitrogen compounds ($NH_3$, trimethyl amine), however, was not observed in all samples. The addition of EM in food wastes resulted in the reduction of concentration of sulfur compounds and complex odor, in spite of the increase of $CH_3CHO$ concentration. The dominant microbial species detected in EM were Lactobacillus species(Lactobacillus rhamnosus and Lactobacillus casei). In the leachate produced during food wastes decomposition, however, the various microbial community alternative to that detected in EM was observed. The EM could be potentially useful as a tools for reducing odor induced from the food waste decomposition process.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.249-257
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• 2006

In this work, the adsorptive and desorptive behavior of reduced sulfur compounds (RSC) was investigated using the combination of the Peltier cooling (PC)/thermal desorption (TD) unit with the gas chromatographic (GC) detection technique. To examine the adsorptive characteristics of RSC on clothing materials, a total of nine experiments were conducted in a stepwise manner. Once small towel pieces are exposed to significant quantities of RSC standards with high concentrations (10 ppm), the desoprtion stage was then induced by deloading RSC with ultrapure $N_2$ at three different flow rates (FR) of 20, 40, and 60 mL/min. At each FR, the total deloading volume of 400, 800, and 1,600 mL were maintained. These results were then compared in terms of odoring efficiency by dividing the total amount of desorption with the total amount used for exposition or RSC loading. The results indicated that desorption reaction of certain compounds ($CH_3SH$ and DMS) can be influenced significantly with the reducing FR, while they are not affected directly by the total deloading volume. In addition, when the extent of adsorption was compared for most S compounds by the odoring efficiency term, the extent of absorption generally occurred at approximately 1/1000 level of original exposition.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2015

BACKGROUND: Contamination of source water by odorous compounds are one of the problems related to the water quality management, especially in Korea where surface water is used as drinking water. Geosmin (1, 10-trans-dimethyl-trans-9-decalol) and 2-MIB (2-methyl isoborneol : 1,2,7,7-tetramethyl-exo-bicycloheptan-2-ol) are commonly recognized earthy-musty odor compounds produced by algae causing serious problems to the drinking water purification facilities. METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, spatial and temporal distribution of the odor compounds, geosmin and 2-MIB were investigated along with the development of phytoplankton in the Daechung reservoir from July 2012 to October 2013. CONCLUSION: Concentrations and frequencys of detection of both compounds increased from April to October which were related to cyanobacterial bloom periods. However, concentrations of odor compounds were not related to the number of cyanobacteria. Concentrations of both cyanobacteria and geosmin showed similar trends with depth. Pearson correlation analyses showed that geosmin concentration exhibited significant correlation with the count of Anabaena macrospora and Aphanizomenon flos-aquae. On the other hand, 2-MIB concentration showed a significant correlation with the count of Anabaena smithii.