• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.417-420
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• 2005

Construction industry is one of the fastest growing sectors in the world. Rapid construction activity and growing demand of houses have lead to the short fall of traditional building materials, such as burnt bricks. It is better to replace the traditional materials by the good quality of building materials with the low cost and durable environment friendly building materials. In order to satisfy that purpose, the researchers need to vary of new and innovative building materials. This paper shows the properties of compressive strength of ocher for unburnt bricks.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in the autonomic nervous system of the human body after the use of ocher bedding radiating far-infrared rays to 15 insomnia subjects. Methods: Changes of autonomous nerve in the subjects after using loess bedding estimated by heart rate variability. Results: The mean HF before the use of ocher bedding was 220.8 msec², and the mean after use decreased to 5.1 msec². The average value of LF before use was 418.1 msec², and the mean after use decreased to 5.2 msec². The average before use of the VLF was 1463.3 msec², and the average after use dropped to 6.8 msec². The average value of TP before use was 977.3 msec², and the average after use dropped to 6.7 msec². The decrease in postoperative values of all four items was statistically significant, and the high value of the subjects before use inferred to be the reason that all of the subjects had high stress and anxiety due to their long-term sleep disorder. There was no significant difference in the pulses of the subjects before the use of the bedding. SDNN and RMSSD were not significantly different before and after use. Conclusions: Autonomic nerves HF, LF, VLF, TP frequency is evaluated to be affected by the investigation of far-infrared radiation that occurs ocher. This research data regarded as high value as primary data in this field.

• Journal of Naturopathy
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.71-77
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• 2019

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the far-infrared emissivity of patented ocher quilt cotton fabrics and to investigate the microorganisms that survived the washing of cotton fabrics up to 20 times. Methods: A 16S rRNA assay was performed using a far-infrared radiometer and a single colony in which microorganisms grew in nutrient media. Results: The far-infrared emissivity of ocher quilt was 0.902 (90.2%) at 5~20 ㎛ at 40℃, and the radiation energy was 3.63 × 10² w/m². The number of viable cells was 2.0 × 10² cells/ml in ocher duvet cotton fabric, and no viable bacteria found in regular cotton fabric. The base sequence of 16S rRNA of B-2 strain isolated into single colonies was 1,419 bases, and the base sequence of strain A-4 was 1,284 bases. The base sequence of 16S rRNA of these two strains showed high homology with Bacillus spp. The B-2 bacteria showed high homology with 99.0% of the 16S rRNA sequence of B. aryabhattai EF114313 and 99.0% of the A-4 bacteria of B. bingmayongensis AKCS01000011. Consequently the colony strain B-2 finally identified as B. aryabhattai BJ-2 and A-4 as B. bingmayongensis BJ-4 strain. Concusions: Soil Bacillus strains survived in ocher quilt cotton fabric after 20 washing. The material can be useful because quilt cotton fabric emits a large amount of far-infrared and far-infrared radiation energy.

• Computational Structural Engineering
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.9-15
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• 2016

• Journal of Korean society of Dental Hygiene
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.339-348
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• 2006

The present paper described the relationship between dental anxiety and main colors of elementary student's drawing of dentists. This paper is based on the survey with 555 samples were chosen from a first, second and third grade students of the elementary school located in Chilgok-gun Gyeongsangbuk-do. During the survey, students were asked to picture a dentist by using 12 colors crayon randomly. And the survey result was summarized in three categories. Those are the main color(most frequently used color) distribution in the children's drawings, ratio differences of the main color in terms of gender and the anxiety score for the each color. 1. The order of main colors was blue, white, green, gray, yellow, purple, ocher yellow, orange, pink, red, black and brown from the top to bottom. 2. The main colors distribution in terms of gender, male mostly used green and black compare to female, and female mostly used pink, yellow and white compare to male(p<0.01). 3. The order of the anxiety score for main colors is black, brown, red, yellow, pink, orange, green, white, gray, blue, purple and ocher yellow form the top to bottom(p<0.01).

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.549-560
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to identify the material characteristics of blackwares excavated from the Bonggok kiln site in Jinan-gun, Jeollabuk-do Province, South Korea, by scientific analyses and a reproduction experiment. Scientific analyses were conducted to determine the physical properties, chemical composition and for microscopic observation of blackwares. A reproduction experiment was also conducted by producing ceramic samples with black glaze, red ocher and limestone, and then cross sections of the samples were observed. The analysis results showed that all the excavated blackwares have similar properties such as chromaticity, specific gravity, absorption factor and porosity, but there is a difference depending on the crystallization of the ceramics. Thermal analysis showed that the exothermic peak was observed at about $1200^{\circ}C$, and crystal structure analysis indicated the presence of mullite. Hence, it can be concluded that the firing temperature of the excavated blackwares was around $1100-1200^{\circ}C$. Moreover, the glaze present on these blackwares has about 22% higher $Fe_2O_3$ content than those excavated from other places; however, the former has lower CaO content. For the reproduction experiment, samples were made using limestone as a flux and red ocher as a glaze. The results show that the cross section of the glaze layer of the reproduced sample have iron crystals with dendritic structures, similar to those present in the excavated black-wares. It is assumed that such iron crystals were formed during the process of melting and solidification of the iron oxide present in the blackwares.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Building Construction
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2018

This work aims to suggest the most proper Hwangtoh color(ocher) for sidewalks and walkways located at the central part of the city. The actual colors of Hwangtoh samples that were obtained from 3 different locations (mountain walkways) in Busan were measured. In addition, personal preferences of such Hwangtoh colors were evaluated through survey in order to provide a proper standard reference color for urban walkways and sidewalks. With respect to the chromaticity of Hwangtoh obtained in Busan, $a^*$ and $b^*$ values were found to range from 3.6 to 13.6 and 11.4 to 23.4, respectively. It was also found that $L^*$ (lightness) values of 3 different Hwangtoh samples were found to be similar. According to the results from survey, higher values of $+a^*$ (red type) and $+b^*$ (yellow type) were preferred, indicating the red and yellow color needs to be developed stronger from Hwangtoh. Based on these findings, the proper Hwangtoh color used for walkways in urban area was chosen. It was found to be $L^*$ for 32.2~45.8, $a^*$ for 5.2~13.6, and $b^*$ for 15.8~21.2, respectively.

• Journal of Conservation Science
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.606-616
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• 2021

From the collection of the National Kimhae Museum, qualitative analyses using microscopic observation, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy, and GC-MS were conducted on three burnished red potteries-Jeoksaekmaoyeonwa burnished red pottery (Neolithic age red pottery), Dandomaoyeonwan burnished red pottery(Bronze age red pottery) and Jeoksaekmaoyeongajimun burnished red pottery(Bronze age red pottery)-to investigate the components of the red pigments and the binder. After the layers of the primer were separated from the red surface, crystals of red pigment particles and minerals were found on the red surface. Through SEM-EDS, Raman estimates that the red pigment is Among soil pigments with iron oxide(Fe₂O₃) as the main color development source, Red Ocher(Fe₂O₃). A band characteristic of the Urushiol polymer was detected in the FTIR-ATRspectra(4000~600cm^-1), GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of the benzenemethanol-2-prophenyl, 4-heptylphenol, 1-tetracecanol, heptafluorobutyric texidecane, all of which are the ingredients of the directional structure of the lacquer present in the red layer. Therefore, it seemed that the three burnished red pottery: Jeoksaekmaoyeonwan pottery(Neolithic age burnished red pottery), Dandomaoyeonwan pottery(bronze age burnished red pottery) and the Jeoksaekmaoyeongajimun pottery(bronze age burnished red pottery) made by mixing minerals and Red Ocher(Fe₂O₃), with lacquer.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
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• 1995.11a
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• pp.190-193
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• 1995

MCFC has been investigated for the last half centry as an alternative energy source. The operating temperature of MCFC is 650$^{\circ}C$, so it is more efficient than ocher fuel cells, and it has needed no nob metal element for the electrodes. we investigated electrochemical characteristics of separator for MCFC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of IIIuminating and Electrical Installation Engineers Conference
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• 2003.11a
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• pp.191-195
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• 2003

우리는 황토 조명등을 제작하여 원 적외선 발생 실험을 하였다. 실험에는 백열전구 200W, 실내온도 21도, 습도 38%의 조건에서 열화상실험과 TF-IR(적외선 분광방사 측정장치)에 의한 원적외선 방사한도를 측정하였으며, 그 결과 방사율 0.914와 방사에너지 6.23$\times$$10^2$ (w/$m^2$.$\mu\textrm{m}$) 가 얻어졌다. 이와 같은 결과로 황토조명등에서 원적외선이 발생한 것을 확인하였다.