Journal of Conservation Science (보존과학회지)

The Korean Society Of Conservation Science For Cultural Heritage (한국문화재보존과학회)
권호 표지
DOI QR코드

DOI QR Code

Study on Scientific Analysis about Red Pigment And Binder - The Korean Ancient Red Pottery -

한국 고대 붉은 간토기의 적색 안료 및 교착제에 대한 과학적 분석

  • Lee, Ui Cheon (Department of Heritage Conservation and Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Park, Jung Hae (Department of Heritage Conservation and Restoration, Graduate School of Cultural Heritage, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage) ;
  • Lee, Je Hyun (Curatorial Affairs Division of Gimhae National Museum) ;
  • Kim, Soo Chul (Department of Conservation Science, Korea National University of Cultural Heritage)
  • 이의천 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과) ;
  • 박정혜 (한국전통문화대학교 문화유산전문대학원 문화재수리기술학과) ;
  • 이제현 (국립김해박물관 학예연구실) ;
  • 김수철 (한국전통문화대학교 기술과학대학 문화재보존과학과)
  • Received : 2021.09.24
  • Accepted : 2021.10.15
  • Published : 2021.10.20
Download PDF
⟨ Previous Next ⟩

Abstract

From the collection of the National Kimhae Museum, qualitative analyses using microscopic observation, SEM-EDS, Raman spectroscopy, FT-IR-ATR spectroscopy, and GC-MS were conducted on three burnished red potteries-Jeoksaekmaoyeonwa burnished red pottery (Neolithic age red pottery), Dandomaoyeonwan burnished red pottery(Bronze age red pottery) and Jeoksaekmaoyeongajimun burnished red pottery(Bronze age red pottery)-to investigate the components of the red pigments and the binder. After the layers of the primer were separated from the red surface, crystals of red pigment particles and minerals were found on the red surface. Through SEM-EDS, Raman estimates that the red pigment is Among soil pigments with iron oxide(Fe2O3) as the main color development source, Red Ocher(Fe2O3). A band characteristic of the Urushiol polymer was detected in the FTIR-ATRspectra(4000~600cm-1), GC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of the benzenemethanol-2-prophenyl, 4-heptylphenol, 1-tetracecanol, heptafluorobutyric texidecane, all of which are the ingredients of the directional structure of the lacquer present in the red layer. Therefore, it seemed that the three burnished red pottery: Jeoksaekmaoyeonwan pottery(Neolithic age burnished red pottery), Dandomaoyeonwan pottery(bronze age burnished red pottery) and the Jeoksaekmaoyeongajimun pottery(bronze age burnished red pottery) made by mixing minerals and Red Ocher(Fe2O3), with lacquer.

본 연구에서는 한국 고대 붉은 간토기 중 국립김해박물관 소장품인 적색마연완 붉은 간토기(신석기시대), 단도마연 붉은 간토기(청동기시대), 적색마연가지문 붉은 간토기(청동기시대)에 사용된 적색 안료와 교착제를 확인하여 고대 붉은 간토기에 사용된 적색 안료와 교착제의 종류에 대한 자료를 구축하고자 하였다. 과학적 분석 결과, 붉은 간토기 3점 모두 소지층과 적색의 표면층으로 구분되었으며, 적색의 표면층에서는 적색 안료 입자와 광물의 결정이 보였다. SEM-EDS, Raman 분석을 통해 적색 안료는 산화철(Fe2O3)을 주 발색원으로 하는 토양성 안료 중 석간주로 추정하였으며, FTIR-ATR을 통해 Urushiol polymer의 특징에 의한 성분 피크가 검출되었다. GC/MS 분석 결과, 적색층에서 옻칠의 방향구조에 기인하는 성분인 Benzenemethanol-2-propenyl, 4-heptyl phenol, 1-Tetradecanol, Heptafluorobutyroxytridecane 성분이 검출되었다. 따라서 국립김해박물관 소장품인 붉은 간토기 3점의 적색 안료는 석간주(Fe2O3)를, 교착제로는 옻칠을 사용하여 제작된 토기인 것으로 판단되었다.

Keywords

Acknowledgement

본 연구는 국립김해박물관 특별전 '고대의 빛깔, 옻칠'(2019. 6. 25.~9. 29.)의 목적으로 수행되었으며, 국립김해박물관의 시료 협조에 감사드립니다.

References

  1. Ahn, C.B., 1982, Changes in Prehistoric Culture in Gaya (with Busan and Yeongnam), Hanguk Kogo-Hakbo, 12.
  2. Ahn, J.H., 2003, Appearance of Red Smoke Pottery and Songguk-ri Pottery, General Book of the Korean Archaeological Society, 2.
  3. Cho, N.C., Kim, S.C., Kim, W.H. and Shin, Y.S., 2010, A study on the bonding materials used for the great jar of the proto-three kingdoms period from daechuri site Pyeongtaek, 26(4), 371-376. (in Korean with English abstract)
  4. Choi, J.W. and Kim, S.C., 2018, Analysis of lacquer and CNSL using infrared spectrometer and pyrolysis-gc/ms. Korean Wood Sci., 46(1), 001-009. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5658/WOOD.2018.46.1.1
  5. Choi, M.Y., Shin, S.J. and LEE, D.Y., 1998, A Scientific Analysis of Hongdo Island in the South Han River Basin - The Method of Production of Red Gantiles in the Bronze Age, The National Assembly of Korea, 82, 1-45.
  6. Choi, S.C., Kim, S.D., Lee, Y.H., Ko, Y.H. and Ham, S.W., 2011, Studies on analysis of Joseon lacquer layer, Journal of The Korean Society of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage, 27(4), 371-380. (in Korean with English abstract)
  7. Chung, Y.J., Kim, J.E., and Yu, J.A., 2017, Study on qualitative analysis for lacquer mixed with some additives by Pyrolysis-Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, Journal of The Korean Society of Conservation Science for Cultural Heritage, 33(1), 51-59. (in Korea with English abstract)
  8. Maya, K., Takeshi, M., Toru, T., Shinya, S. and Setsuo I., 2014, Review on the Archaeological Studies on Red Pigment in Japan, Korea Cultural Heritage Association, 21(4), 103-121. (in Korean with English abstract)
  9. Jang, S.Y., 2020, Resarch on Manufacturing Technology of Red-Burnished Pottery Excavated from Samdeok-ri, Goseong, Korea, National Research Institute of Cultural Heritage, 53(4), 170-187. (in Korean with English abstract)
  10. Jeong, J.W., 1980, During the Neolithic Period, the site of the Seven Characters-South Coastal Scraps against the Dandoma Smoke Earthenware was the center of the Joseon Dynasty, History of Busan, 4. Journal of Conservation Science, 33(1), 051-059. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.12654/JCS.2017.33.1.07
  11. Gimhae National Museum Special Exhibition, 2019, The color and light of ancient artifacts ottchil lacquer, 212-221. (in Korean with English abstract)
  12. Kim, S.C., 2007, Analysis and conservation of lacquer wares from archaeological sites in Korea, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju.
  13. Lee, Y.J., Park, J.H. and Lee, K.M., 2015, Infrared emissivity of major minerals measured by FT-IR, Atmosphere, Korean Meteorological Society, 25(4), 601-610. https://doi.org/10.14191/Atmos.2015.25.4.601
  14. Park, J.S. and Ahn, S.A., 2018, Analysis of dried Asian lacquer by pyrolysis/GC/MS, Analytical Science & Technology, 31(2), 078-087. (in Korean with English abstract) https://doi.org/10.5806/AST.2018.31.2.78
  15. Sin, K.S. and Oh, M.M., 2010, The production and restoration of Bronze Age polished pottery through experimental archaeology, Korea Cultural Heritage Association, 8(2), 035-080. (in Korean with English abstract)
  16. Yang, P.S., 2014, A study on repair and restoration cases of ceramics, Ph.D. dissertation, Gongju National University, Gongju. (in Korean with English abstract).