• Title/Summary/Keyword: Ocean outfall

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APPLICABILITY OF MODELS FOR BOSTON OUTFALL PLUMES

  • Chung, Yong-tai;Kim, Gyoung-Wan
    • Water Engineering Research
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    • v.1 no.4
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    • pp.309-320
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    • 2000
  • In this study, laboratory study of the behavior of wastewater discharged from the Boston ocean outfall was compared with the predictions of mathematical models. The dta sets cover broad ranges of discharge conditions and oceanic conditions, and are associated with a typical type of outfall discharges with multiport diffusers. The laboratory data sets were obtained in density stratified towing tanks. These data sets were used to evaluate four commonly used models: UM, UDKHDEN, RSB and CORMI$\times$2 for minimum dilution, the height to the top of the wastefield, and wastefield thickness. For minimum diluation and height to the top of the wastefield, UM and RSB predictions agree well with laboratory data. UDKHDEN overestimated the minimum dilution and height to the top of the wastefield while CORMI$\times$2 underestimated these values. All of the model predictions for the wastefield thickness were widely scattered. about the measured values. The hydraulic model study reproduced the major features observed in the laboratory. It also afforded considerable insight into the mechanics of mixing of multiport risers which could not have been obtained either from the laboratory test or the mathematical models.

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Ocean Outfall Modelling with the Particle Tracking Method (입자추적법을 이용한 해양방류구 모델링)

  • Jung, Yun-Chul
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.26 no.5
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    • pp.563-569
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    • 2002
  • To overcome the weaknesses of conventional finite difference model in pollutant dispersion modelling, the particle tracking method is used. In this study, a three dimensional particle tracking model which can be used in Princeton Ocean Model was developed and verified through the various numerical tests. Usability of the model was also confirmed through the ocean outfall modelling in Tampa Bay, Florida. As it is expected, random walk model showed the less dispersion in a range compared to the conventional finite difference model and its reason is estimated due to an error from numerical diffusion which the conventional model holds. This newly developed model is expected to be used in various ocean dispersion modelling.

An Analysis on Influences of Seasonal and Tidal Changes to Outfall Design and Management (조석이 방류관의 설계 및 운영에 미치는 영향 분석)

  • Kim, Ji-Yeon;Lee, Joong-Woo
    • Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.259-268
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    • 2004
  • For the last years, it has become hot issue such as disposal of the treated wastewater, which caused by increment of a population and industrial development at the coastal areas. The ocean outfall system discharges primary or secondary treated effluent into coastline or at the deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the see, surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding salt water and becomes very dilute. This paper deals ocean outfall design which effects to decision-making about marine environment management and wastewater treatment. In order to make predictions of dilution of discharged water and the trajectory of a plume, CORMIX has been used considering several elements including a seasonal and tidal changes. These solutions are strung together to provide basic data and general drawings for effective management of outfall.

Mixing Zone Analysis on Outfall Plume considering Influent Temperature Variation (수온 변화의 영향을 고려한 방류관 플룸의 혼합역 분석)

  • 김지연;이중우
    • Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Navigation and Port Research Conference
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    • 2004.04a
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    • pp.247-253
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    • 2004
  • As a large scale port development in coastal waters proceeds step by step and populations in the vicinity of port are getting increased, the issue on "how to dispose the treated municipal water and wastewater in harbor" brings peoples′ concern. The submarine outfall system discharges the primary or secondary treated effluent at the coastline or in deep water, or between these two. The effluent, which has a density similar to that of fresh water, rises to the sea surface forming plume or jet, together with entraining the surrounding sea water and becomes very dilute. We intended in this paper to investigate the impact on dilution of effluent and the behavior of flume under the conditions of the seasonal and spatial temperature variations, which have not been noticeable in designing effective marine outfall system. To predict and analyze the behaviour and dilution characteristics of plume not just with the effluent temperature, but also with the seasonal variation of temperature of surround water and tidal changes, CORMIX(Cornell Mixing Zone Expert System)-GI have been applied. The results should be used with caution in evaluation the mixing zone characteristics of discharged water. We hope to help for the effective operation of outfall system, probable outfall design, protection of water quality, and warm water discharges from a power plant, etc.

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Cost Analysis of Ocean Outfall and Tertiary Treatment Processes in Suyong Sewage Treatment Plant (수영 하수처리장 방류수의 해중 방류법과 3차 처리시설 설치시 비용 비교 분석)

  • 박해식;조은일;박청길
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.115-123
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    • 1999
  • Sewage has been almost treated by secondary treatment process. Secondary-treated effluent of sewage treatment plant caused the pollution of nearby beach. Nitrogen(N) and Phosphorus(P) in effluent water have caused many problems on estuary, such as red tide, eutrophication and aquatic toxicity. Therefore, the effective nitrogen and phosphorus removal from sewage treatment plants is necessary to prevent those pollution problems. However, little sewage treatment plant in Korea is effectively being operated for the removal of the nutrients. This study is analyzed for the effectiveness of cost when tertiary treatment process and Ocean Outfall are applied for the water quality of Suyong Bay After secondary treatment process, the effluent was discharged from the seabed in the depth of 32m of 4000m offshore. Pollutant concentration is decreased as much as the 180 times after the result of initial dilution, so that environmental protection requirement of Suyong Bay can satisfied. This Ocean Outfall process can save the 2.6~3.5 times as much as the cost of construction and operation for tertiary treatment process running over a 20 year.

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Effects of Ocean Outfall for Elimination of the Anoxic Layer in Youngsan River Estuary (영산강 하구언에서 저 산소 층의 제거를 위한 해양방류구의 효과)

  • Kwon, Seok-Jae;Cho, Yang-Ki;Seo, Uk-Won
    • Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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    • v.17 no.4
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    • pp.259-268
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    • 2005
  • There has been a growing interest in the elimination of anoxic layer in the Youngsan River Estuarybecause the anoxic water mass caused mainly by the inflow of fresh water from the sea wall might cause the mass reduction of benthos during summer. An ocean outfall system to discharge treated wastewater into sea water may be used as one of the effective and economical ways to eliminate the anoxic layer. The suitable ocean outfall design is generally proposed for the prediction of the buoyant jet behavior in the near field. The parameters including CTD and current data are taken into account f3r more reliable buoyant jet behavior calculation. One of the numerical models, CORMIX 1, approved by EPA is used herein for the prediction of the trajectorial variation of the cross-sectional salinity and DO concentration distribution on the calculated buoyant jet boundary according to the tidal periods. On the basis of the results, it is suggested that the single port outfall is a useful system to eliminate the anoxic layer. Proper strategies are also proposed for achieving desirable ambient conditions.

Characteristics of Tide-induced Flow and its Effect on Pollutant Patterns Near the Ocean Outfall of Wastewater Treatment Plants in Jeju Island in Late Spring (제주도 하수처리장 해양방류구 인근해역의 늦은 봄철 조류 특성과 조석잔차류에 의한 오염물질의 분포 특성)

  • KIM, JUN-TECK;HONG, JI-SEOK;MOON, JAE-HONG;KIM, SANG-HYUN;KIM, TAE-HOON;KIM, SOO-KANG
    • The Sea:JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF OCEANOGRAPHY
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    • v.26 no.2
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    • pp.63-81
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    • 2021
  • In this study, we investigated the tide-induced flow patterns near the ocean outfall of the Jeju and Bomok Wastewater Treatment Plants (WTP) in Jeju Island by using measurements of Acoustic Doppler Current Meter (ADCP) and a numerical experiment with inserting passive tracer into a regional ocean model. In late spring of 2018, the ADCP measurements showed that tidal currents dominate the flow patterns as compared to the non-tidal components in the outfall regions. According to harmonic analysis, the dominant type of tides is mixed of diurnal and semi-diurnal but predominantly semidiurnal, showing stronger oscillations in the Jeju WTP than those in the Bomok WTP. The tidal currents oscillate parallel to the isobath in both regions, but the rotating direction is different each other: an anti-clockwise direction in the Jeju WTP and a clockwise in the Bomok WTP. Of particular interest is the finding that the residual current mainly flows toward the coastline across the isobath, especially at the outfall of the Bomok WTP. Our model successfully captures the features of tidal currents observed near the outfall in both regions and indicates possibly high persistent pollutant accumulation along the coasts of Bomok.

A Study on Mixing Characteristics of Ocean Outfall System with Rosette Diffuser (장미형확산관 형태의 해양방류시스템의 혼합특성 연구)

  • Kim, Young Do;Seo, Il Won;Kwon, Seok Jae;Lyu, Siwan;Kwon, Jae Hyun
    • Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.389-396
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    • 2008
  • The hybrid model can be used to predict the initial near field mixing and the far field transport of the buoyant jets, which are discharged from the submerged wastewater ocean outfall. In the near field, the jet integral model can be used for single port diffusers while the ${\sigma}$ transformed particle tracking model was used in the far field. In this study, the experimental study was performed to verify the developed hybrid model in the previous research. The developed hybrid model properly predict the surface and vertical concentration distribution of the single buoyant jets with various effluent and ambient conditions. The hybrid model can also simulate the surface concentration distribution of the rosette diffuser except for the parallel diffuser with the higher densimetric Froude number due to the assumption that dynamic effects of the effluent plumes are negligible in the far field. The application of the hybrid model to rosette diffusers can predict the concentration near the diffuser more accurately when the line-plume approximation is used.

Comparison of Model Predictions on Ocean Ouffalls (해양방류에 관한 모형의 비교연구)

  • Jeong, Yong-Tae;Jo, Ik-Jun;Jang, Yeong-Ryul;Park, Chi-Hong
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.31 no.5
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    • pp.613-620
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    • 1998
  • Field and laboratory studies of the near field behavior of the San Francisco ocean outfall were reported. The data sets cover broad ranges of discharge conditions and oceanic conditions, and are associated with a typical type of outfall discharges with multiport diffusers. The laboratory data sets were obtained in density-stratified towing tanks to replicate the field tests. Model studies of wastefield behavior using these data sets were predicted by the mathematical models UM, UDKHDEN, RSB, and CORMIX2 for minimum dilution, the height to top of wastefield, and wastefield thickness. In this paper, the results are discussed and compared measurements with mathematical model predictions. The hydraulic model studies reproduced the major features observed in the field. It also afforded considerable insight into the mechanics of mixing of multiport risers which could have been obtained neither from the field test nor the mathematical models.

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A Study on Initial and Near-Field Dilution at the Ocean Outfall of Masan-Changwon Municipal Wastewater Treatment Plant (마산ㆍ창원 하수종말 처리장의 해양방류 처리수에 대한 초기ㆍ근역 희석연구(I))

  • Kang See-Whan;You Sung-Hyup;Oh Byung-Cheol
    • Journal of the Korean Society for Marine Environment & Energy
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    • v.2 no.2
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    • pp.60-69
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    • 1999
  • In this paper, we have obtained the initial and near-field dilution rates of wastewaters discharged from the ocean outfall of Masan-Changwon municipal wastewater treatment plant from both of field measurements and CORMIX model simulations. In the summer of 1998, water temperature and salinity profiles was measured at 16 stations in the vicinity of the Masan outfall and the dilution rates were analyzed by salinity deficit method. The transport of the wastefields and their initial dilution rates were calculated by CORMIX model using field data as model input. Both of observed and predicted results are shown In very low dilutions with the range of 32~48 from the field data analysis and 29~43 from the model prediction, respectively. This indicates that the water quality in the Masan outfall area can be worsening due to the low dilution rates of diswastewaters, especially, when the ambient currents are very weak in a neap tide and ambient water density is highly stratified in summer.

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