• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.501-508
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• 2014

Objectives: This study identified the general characteristics of asbestos inspection/analysis laboratories in Korea and confirmed the actual situations in terms of technical aspects from these characteristics. In addition, given the background of the current problem, it offers preliminary data for determining future plans for improvement. Methods: A questionnaire was developed and distributed to the asbestos inspection/analysis laboratories that used the ISO/IEC 17025 for asbestos sampling and testing by UKAS(United Kingdom Accreditation Service) and the Korea Laboratory Accreditation Scheme(KOLAS). A total of 202 institutions in Korea were selected for the study and 145(71.8%) questionnaires were returned. Results: The number of personnel of the surveyed institutions averaged $4.2{\pm}2$ and 79.3% operated with less than five persons. In terms of education, the capital and other densely populated areas showed a high level of education(p<0.05). The level of education and facilities were determined by the magnitude of the institution(p<0.05). Institutions managed by highly educated directors were well-stocked with education and facilities(p<0.05). Institutions which had directors with considerable experiences received high scores overall and in particular higher scores in terms of education and facilities(p<0.05). At the level of the bottom five percent, the factor of education was 40.4% while the factor of measurement 49%, the factor of analysis 59%, the factor of facilities 61%, and the factor of survey 81%, respectively. Conclusions: To improve the quality of the institutions, in the short term, the problems identified in this study can be used to revise the related regulations. In the long term, a grading system of survey institutions needs to be established through the introduction of an accreditation system. However, the ongoing support of a government agency is required, including holding seminars and open education, suggesting guidelines for operation of asbestos inspection/analysis labs, and other means.

• 한국산업보건학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.528-535
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• 2014

Objectives: This study compares the differences of fit factors before and after training on the N95 mask. The results will be utilized to suggest the need of providing effective training on respirator use. Methods: A total of 49 study subjects were tested, comprised of nurses from a general hospital and undergraduate nursing students from a medical school. Anthropometric measurements of face length and face width were compared with the NIOSH(National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health) panel. Fit factors(FF) were measured with TSI Portacount Pro+8038 before and after on-site training regarding the proper use of respirators. The FF pass/fail criterion was set at 100. Results: Two subjects(4.1 %) passed the fit test before training on use of the N95. However, 36(73.5%) of the 49 passed the test after training. Overall the FF(GM(GSD)) was 13.4(3.2) before training, but improved to 106.6(2.1) after training, which was statistically significant. These findings suggest the efficacy of educational intervention, and the performance of the direct on-site training proved to be better than that of the traditional educational methods. Conclusions: This study showed the effect of on-site training of the N95 respirator among health care workers(HCW). Therefore, providing effective training on the use of N95 for HCWs before their work assignments will greatly reduce exposure to harmful agents. It is recommended that fit testing be mandated to check for adequate protection being provided by the given respirators.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제30권9호
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• pp.2021-2026
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• 2009

Toluene, xylene and styrene are volatile organic solvents that are commonly used in mixtures in many industries. Because these solvents are metabolized and then excreted in urine, their urinary metabolites are thought to be biomarkers of occupational exposure to these solvents. Therefore, a simple, rapid, and yet reliable analytical method for determining the metabolites is required for accurate biological monitoring. In the present study, a simple and rapid HPLC-UV method was developed for the simultaneous determination of eight major metabolites of toluene, xylene and styrene: hippuric acid (HA), mandelic acid (MA), o-, m- and p-methylhippuric acids (o-, m- and p-MHAs), and o-, m- and p-cresols. A monolithic column was employed as the stationary phase and several conditions, including flow rate, composition of mobile phase and column temperature, were variables for the optimization of the chromatographic resolution. All eight metabolites were successfully resolved within 5 minutes in 10% aqueous ethanol containing 0.3% acetic acid and 1.6% $\beta$-cyclodextrin, using a flow rate gradient of 1.0 - 5.0 mL/min at 25 ${^{\circ}C}$. The performance of this method was validated by linearity, intra- and inter-day accuracy, and precision. The linearity was observed with correlation coefficients of 0.9998 for HA, 0.9999 for MA, 0.9989 for o-MHA, 0.9998 for m-MHA, 0.9991 for p-MHA, 0.9997 for o-cresol, 0.9998 for m-cresol, and 0.9986 for p-cresol. The intra- and inter-day precision of the method were less than 5.89% (CV) and the accuracy ranged from 92.95 to 106.62%. The validity was further confirmed by analysis of reference samples that were prepared by the inter-laboratory quality assurance program of the Korea Occupational Safety and Health Agency (KOSHA, Seoul, Korea). All measured concentrations of the analytes agreed with the certified values.

• 재활치료과학
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• 제3권2호
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• pp.71-81
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 CPM (Continuous Passive Motion)을 뇌졸중 환자의 손 기능 및 수부 근력 재활에 사용하고 그 영향을 살펴보는데 있다. 연구방법 : 본 연구의 대상자는 뇌졸중으로 인한 편마비 증상을 가진, Brunnstrom 4-6단계에 해당하는 치료후 18개월 이내의 급성기 환자 3명이다 연구방법은 3명의 대상자에 대하여 단일사례 (A-B) 실험설계를 사용하였으며 CPM의 영향을 검사하기 위해 젭슨수지기능, 퍼듀페그보드, 수부근력 세 가지를 측정하였다. CPM 적용기간은 3주였으며, 적용회수는 하루 2회, 매회 20분씩, 총 30회기였다. 연구결과: 수부근력 측정 중 손끝잡기에서 대상자 2명의 값이 변화가 없었다. 그 외의 젭슨수지기능, 퍼듀페그보드, 수부근력 검사에서는 CPM 적용 후의 검사 결과가 향상되었다. 결과의 유효성 검증을 위하여 비모수적 통계방법인 Wilcoxon signed ranks test를 실시한 결과 모든 항목에 대한 P-Value가 0. 05 보다 큰 값이 나와 처치 전 후 값의 차이가 통계적으로는 유의미하지 않다는 결과를 얻었다. 결론: 참여 대상자 수가 적고 프로그램 적용 기간이 짧은 제한점이 있으나, 수부 재활을 위해 실시한 CPM이 연구대상자 전원의 손 기능 및 근력 향상에 영향을 주었다는 것을 확인하였다. 이는 주로 하지 기능과 근력 향상을 위해 사용되는 CPM이 급성기 뇌졸중 환자의 수부 치료에도 유용하게 사용될 수 있음을 보여준다.

• 농약과학회지
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.281-288
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• 2007

본 연구는 우리나라 과원에서 농작업자 농약노출량의 산정방법을 제안하기 위하여 수행되었다. 우리나라 농작업자의 농약 노출량을 산정하기 위한 벤치마킹 모델로써 UK-POEM을 제안하였다. 그러나 이 모델은 영국에서 자국의 농작업자에 대한 농약 노출량을 산정하기 위한 모델이므로 우리나라 농작업자의 농약노출량 산정에 직접이용 하기에는 1일 농약살포 기기 및 면적, 살포시간, 살포물량 등에서 많은 차이점이 있다. 따라서 우리나라 과수농업의 현실을 반영하기 위하여 UK-POEM의 구동방법을 분석하곤 우리나라 과원의 농약 살포기기, 1일 농약살포 시간, 1일 농약살포 면적, ha당 농약살포 물량 등을 204농가 4351 농약사용 건수에 대하여 조사하였다. 과원에 농약 살포를 위하여 사용되는 살포기기를 분석한 결과 SS기(speed sprayer)가 64.9%이었고, 동력분무기(Motor sprayer)가 33.9% 사용되는 것으로 조사되었다. 또한 1일 농약살포시간을 조사한 결과 SS기, 동력살포기 모두 4시간 이상 작업하는 농가가 가장 많았고, 1일 농약 살포 면적은 SS기의 사용 시 4 ha를 작업하는 농가가 95%이었으며, 동력분무기를 이용하는 농가는 하루 1 ha를 처리하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 조사 결과를 바탕으로 UK-POEM을 근간으로 한 우리나라 실정에 맞는 노출시나리오를 작성하였다. SS기의 경우 약제의 살포방법 면에서 유사한 UK-POEM의 "Tractor-mounted/trailed broadcast air-assist sprayer: 500 L/ha"에 1일 작업면적 4 ha, 1일 농약살포 시간 6시간, 피부흡수율 10%를 대입할 것을 제안하였다. 동력분무기의 경우 UK-POEM의 "hand-held rotary atomizer equipment(2.5 L tank). Outdoor, high level target" 시나리오의 내용을 조금 변형한 400 L tank에 대한 시나리오를 작성하여 살포액의 조제시 노출량을 계산할 것과 1일 작업면적 1 ha, 1일 농약살포 시간 6시간, 피부흡수율 10%를 대입할 것을 제안하였다.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제13권8호
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• pp.324-333
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• 2013

본 연구는 재활치료를 받는 뇌졸중과 척수손상 외래환자를 대상으로 주거 유형, 장애유형, 일상생활 수행 정도에 따른 주거환경개선에 대한 요구도를 알아보고자 하였다. 서울 경기 지역의 재활병원이나 종합병원에서 재활치료를 받는 환자 54명을 대상으로 2012년 1월 2일부터 2월 4일까지 설문조사를 실시하여 기술통계와 $x^2$검정을 이용하여 분석하였다. 연구결과를 살펴보면 주거환경개선에 대한 요구도가 장애 유형에 따라 현관의 계단이나 출입문의 폭, 욕실의 공간이용, 세면대, 양변기, 욕조, 샤워기 걸이와 세면대 높이, 거실과 침실 부엌, 베란다 공간이용 등에서 통계학적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 주거 유형에 따른 주거환경 개선요구는 출입문의 센서 등, 욕실의 휴지걸이와 콘센트 덮개의 개선이 통계학적으로 유의미한 것으로 나타났으며 일상생활 수행정도에 따라 출입문의 폭과 문턱, 욕실의 휴지걸이와 수건걸이, 미끄럼 방지 바닥재, 샤워기, 부엌의 공간과 식탁, 의자, 베란다의 공간이용과 문턱, 조명 밝기의 개선 요구에서 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 본 연구를 통하여 주거 환경 개선에 대한 요구 정도가 장애유형, 주거 유형, 일상생활 수행 정도에 따라 다르다는 것을 확인할 수 있었으며 앞으로 주거환경개선에 대한 평가와 치료적인 접근의 기초자료로써 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.63-80
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• 2002

Objectives: The objective of this study is to evaluate the job characteristics of container terminal workers by applying the Job Strain model, and to assess the relationship among the general characteristics, job characteristics and psychosocial distress. Methods: A self-administrated questionnaire survey was performed to the container terminal workers in Pusan. Among the 200 male workers who answered the questionnaires, white-collar workers and blue-collar workers were 100, respectively. Karaseks Job Content Questionnaire was utilized to evaluate the job characteristics and Psychosocial well-being index (PWI) was applied to measure the extent of their psychosocial stress. Results: In white-collar workers, the skill discretion, created skill, decision-making authority, decision-making latitude, psychological job demand, and supervisor support of the job characteristics were significantly high, while in blue-collar workers physical exertion was significantly high. The result of Psychosocial well-being index (PWI) reveals that blue-collar workers were more stressed than white-collar workers, especially, the indices of depression (factor 2), sleeping disturbance and anxiety (factor 3), General well-being and vitality (factor 4) were significantly increased; whereas, in white-collar workers, only the index of social performance and self-confidence (factor 1) was significantly increased. And PWI scores were significantly increased in the lower social support and psychological job demand. By the multiple logistic regression analysis for PWI, blue-collar workers had increased odds ratio of 2.66(95% CI;1.11-6.41) compared with white-collar workers. The unmarried workers increased odds ratio of 3.54(95% CI;1.18-10.62) compared with married workers. And workers who have not own house increased odds ratio of 2.35(95% CI;1.15-4.79) compared with workers who have own house. Particularly, odds ratio of work-shift in blue-collar workers was 11.10(2.14-57.64). Conclusion: Skill discretion, created skill, decision-making authority, decision-making latitude, psychological job demand, and supervisor support were increased in white-collar workers. Decreased skill discretion and increased physical exertion were found in blue-collar workers, which is supported the Job Strain model. Job stress of blue-collar workers was comparatively higher than that of white-collar workers, especially, skill discretion, decision-making authority, decision-making latitude, job insecurity, physical exertion were noticeable factors. Especially, sleeping, smoking, and work shifting turned out to be a main cause that increases stress. Therefore, in order to decrease the job stress, a health promotion program to change the health behaviors should be activated and an organized job stress management program should be introduced. Especially, working condition for blue-collar such as physical exertion and work-shift should be improved.

• 한국직업건강간호학회지
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• 제9권1호
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• pp.39-48
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• 2000

Hyperlipemia is the most leading risk factor of cardiovascular disease which is the main cause of death in Korea. However, there is a tendency to neglect the prevention and treatment since it has no specific symptoms. It has been reported that the level of serum-lipid can be lowered by the improvement of eating habits. Therefore, it is highly likely that the development of programs on the improvement of eating habits through behavioral theory is required to the community nursing practice. The theory of planned behavior, which assumes that human behaviors are determined by one's intention to carry out the behavior, can be characterized by the point that behaviors are not only individual factors but also social behaviors relating to subjective norms. It is widely recognized that this theory has a high predictability on health behavior due to it's simplicity clearness, and measurability as well as high quality of being general. Thus, the theory of planned behavior could be useful in developing a model of a health promotion program to the change of behaviors of the risk group of cardiovascular disease. Consequently, based on the theory of planned behavior, the purpose of this study is to develop an intention promotion program of the diet, and then to testify the effects. The sample of this study consisted of 26 industrial workers who had proved hyperlipemia from a medical examination in 1996 (experimental group 13, control group 13). The intention promotion program, which includes education, monitoring, pressure, counselling on the level of individuals, families and organizations, was conducted for 10 weeks The purpose of this program was to promoting intention of the diet through changes of the prerequisite factors of intention such as behavioral belief, outcome evaluation, normative belief and control belief. When it came to data analysis, the ${\chi}^2$-test and Fisher's Exact test were used to compare the general characteristics between the experimental and the control group, an independent t-test for the other variables. ANOVA was used to the test hypothesis, and the Pearson correlation test for variable's correlation. The results of this study can be summarized as follows ; 1) There was a significant increase in the intention(F=18.51, p=.00) of diet in the experimental group. 2) Diets(F=32.51, p=.001) in the experimental group were better carried out than in the control group. 5) There was a moderate correlation between the intention of diet and performance (r=.587. p=.003). From the results, it can be concluded that the intention promotion program is very effective, leading to the change of health promotion behavior. Above all, it is really valuable that the intention promotion program in this study regards health promotion behavior as a social behavior and that intervention was done on the level of family and organization. Consequently, when performing a health promotion program, social approach elevating the intention should go hand in hand in order to make the program effective.

• 한국치위생학회지
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• 제9권4호
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• pp.633-643
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• 2009

Objectives : This study is aimed to help the dental hygiene department students to improve their adaptive ability to the field work by letting them know the performing levels required of the job world, by renovating the knowledge-centered curriculum, and by finding out the core competencies needed for successfully performing their duties and tasks in the work field. Methods : The survey tool was recomposed through the examination of the preceeding studies on basic vocational competencies and skills, and the survey has been done to 200 dentists in Seoul and Gyunggi provice. Results : 1. As for the job-getting routs, 35.1% of them finds their jobs through the job portal sites, and 21.3% through the recommendation by professors. So we can see the meaningful difference in the employment ways. 2. Dental hygiene clinics think that the purpose of their cooperation with the colleges is mainly to secure human resources by requiring the colleges to give field-centered education the colleges through. 3. The clinics for dental hygienic students' field learning have a great power for hiring the students. So it is necessary to set up a good management system of the clinics for dental hygienic students' field learning in order to reinforce the students' competitive power in getting jobs. 4. The priorities in basic working abilities needed for the task performance are in the order of vocational responsibility, self-managing & developing ability, interpersonal skill, and problem solving ability. 5. The core competencies required of those who graduate from dental hygiene school show the following scores by Likert measurement; good personality and vocational consciousness 2.16(${\pm}.677$), understanding power of major-related knowledge 2.19(${\pm}.723$), field adapting ability 2.31(${\pm}.748$), get-along-with ability 2.32(${\pm}.799$), interpersonal skill 2.42(${\pm}.768$), and self-development ability such as getting certificates 2.43(${\pm}.729$). Among the core competencies, the only meaningful factor which influences on their satisfaction measurement has been identified as the professional ability related to the major. Conclusions : The results suggest that the knowledge and skill related to the major are core competencies of able human resources and closely related with the professionality of the job, and so they are very important. However, job basic abilities are also proved to be important, which reinforce the students' activeness, self-regulation, and creativeness, and help them to pursue their lasting growth in their abilities.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제21권3호
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• pp.195-211
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• 2004

Stress is a primary health promotion issue in worksite research because psychological distress is closely related not only to workers' health status but also to their job performance. This study identified the significant health behaviors affecting workers' job-related stress in Korean manufacturing industry with the national survey data conducted by the Korean Occupational Safety and Health Agency in 2003. A total of 7,818 factory workers in 1,562 manufacturing companies participated in the Korean nation-wide occupational health survey and 3,390 workers answered that they had any stressors in their workplace among the 7,818 workers finally participated in the analysis. Participants were selected by the stratified proportional sampling process by manufacturing industry classification, company size, and company locations (8 metropolitan and 8 non-metropolitan regions) in Korea. Trained interviewers visited the target companies and interviewed the factory workers randomly selected in each company. Smoking, drinking, weight control, exercise, sleeping, break time at work, and perceived fatigue were included in the health behavior construct. Stress symptoms was consisted of physical and psychological stress with 8 items. All survey responses were anonymously coded into the SPSS statistical program and testified using stepwise multiple regression analysis. Male workers were 73.5% and the 30s were 40.0% among the age groups. The married and the high school graduate were majority with 52.1% and 61.8% each. Current smokers were 44.7% and More than 50% of the participants drank alcohol sometimes. No exercise group was 59.3% and the participants who dissatisfied with their daily sleeping hours were 43.5%. In t-test and analysis of variance, the significant general characteristics associated with physical and psychological job stress were young age (p<0.001), single marital status (p<0.001), and short working period at the present company (p<0.001). The health behaviors related to physical job stress were current smoking, weight change during the past one year (p<0.001), weight control effort (p<0.001), exercise (p<0.001), daily sleeping dissatisfaction (p<0.001), break time, and perceived fatigue (p<0.001). All 10 health behavior factors were significantly associated with psychological job stress (p<0.05). Weight change, weight control effort, exercise, daily sleeping dissatisfaction, little break at work, and high perceived fatigue were significant factors affecting job stress. Daily sleeping dissatisfaction, little break at work, little exercise, weight change for the past one year and young age were selected as the significant health behavior and general factors affecting physical job stress symptoms in stepwise multiple regression analysis. The five factors explained 18.9% of the physical stress score variance. Six factors were selected as the significant health behaviors affecting psychological job stress: daily sleeping dissatisfaction, little exercise, frequent drinking alcohol, high perceived fatigue, little break at work, and little weight control effort. The six factors explained 10.6% of the psychological stress score variance.