• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2009

To establish the Fourier-Transform Infra-Red spectrophotometry(FTIR) Direct-On-Filter(DOF) technique as a useful analytical method for quartz in respirable dust samples, an influence of the kaolinite should be corrected. Respirable dust, created in a dust chamber containing the standard material of quartz and kaolinite were collected using a cyclone equipped with a 25 mm, $0.8\;{\mu}m$ pore size DM filter as a collection medium. This study was designed to compare three methods of correction for kaolinite when quantifying the content of quartz, including the least square, the optimum choice and the spectral subtraction methods. The content of quartz in the respirable dust samples was overestimated by 6.2% when mixed with kaolinite(35.5% by weight). The content of quartz containing kaolinite(72.8% by weight) were overestimated by 32%. The spectral subtraction method underestimated the quartz content by 1.5%, while the other two correction methods, the optimum choice and the least square method, overestimated the quartz content by 1.9% to 6.4% and 0.04 to 1.1%, respectively. The results of this study are suggested that, when correcting for effects of kaolinite on quantitative analysis of quartz in respirable dust by FTIR direct-on-filter method, the least square method produce the most unbiased results be compared with those of other correction methods.

• 대한예방의학회:학술대회논문집
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• 1994.02a
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• pp.417-425
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• 1994

Although animal studies have been used most often for quantitative risk assessment, it is generally recognized that well-conducted epidemiologic studies would provide the best basis for estimating human risk. However, there are several features related to the design and analysis of epidemiologic studies that frequently limit their usefulness for quantitating risks. The lack of accurate information on exposure in epidemiologic studies is perhaps the most frequently cited limitation of these studies for risk assessment. However. other features of epidemiologic study design, such as statistical power, length of follow-up, confounding, and effect modification, may also limit the inferences that can be drawn from these studies. Furthermore, even when the aforementioned limitations are overcome, substantial uncertainty exists concerning the choice of an appropriate statistical (or biologic) model for extrapolation beyond the range of exposures observed in a particular study. This paper focuses on presenting a review and discussion of the methodologic issues involved in using epidemiologic studies for risk assessment. This review concentrates on the use of retrospective, cohort, mortality studies of occupational groups for assessing cancer risk because this is the most common application of epidemiologic data for quantitative risk assessment (QRA). Epidemiologic data should not be viewed as a panacea for the problems inherent in using animal bioassay data for QRA. Rather, information that can be derived from epidemiologic and toxicologic studies complement one another, and both data sources need to be used to provide the best characterization of human risk.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.198-202
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• 2014

Background: The economy is being lifted by the new concept of robotics, but we cannot be sure of all the possible benefits. At this early stage, it therefore becomes important to find out the possible benefits/limitations associated with robotics, so that the positives can be capitalized, established, and developed further for the employment and motivation of employees in the health care sector, for overall economic development. The negatives should also be further studied and mitigated. Methods: This study is an exploratory research, based on secondary data, such as books on topics related to robotics, websites, public websites of concerned departments for data and statistics, journals, newspapers and magazines, websites of health care providers, and different printed materials (brochures, etc). Results: The impact of robotics has both positive and negative impacts on the employment and motivation of employees in the retail sector. So far, there has been no substantial research done into robotics, especially in the health care sector. Conclusion: Replacing employees with robots is an inevitable choice for organizations in the service sector, more so in the health care sector because of the challenging and sometimes unhealthy working environments, but, at the same time, the researchers propose that it should be done in a manner that helps in improving the employment and motivation of employees in this sector.

• Korean Journal of Occupational Health Nursing
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.235-246
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• 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to comprehend the real context of metabolic syndrome-related factors of Korean male blue-collar workers from small-sized companies based on the health belief model. Methods: A total of 37 workers from three companies were interviewed, and three series of focus group interviews were conducted. Data were analyzed using deductive content analysis. Results: Data were classified into four categories: knowledge, perceived susceptibility and severity, perceived barriers, and beliefs. Knowledge referred to low knowledge level; perceived susceptibility and severity referred to unawareness of susceptibility and severity; perceived barriers referred to shift work, overtime work, and a social context including having no choice but to drink; and beliefs referred to believing that health promotion behaviors do not relate to preventing metabolic syndrome, believing that one cannot prevent metabolic syndrome oneself, and believing that professional help is required. Conclusion: To prevent and reduce the risk of metabolic syndrome among Korean male blue-collar workers, interventions should focus on strategies to increase metabolic syndrome-related knowledge and perceptions, social support, and self-efficacy for practicing health behaviors. In addition, it is necessary to develop policies for establishing a healthy drinking culture in companies.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.79-91
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the short-term effect of robot-assisted therapy to improve upper extremity function in subacute stroke. Method : This study was a retrospective study using the medical record. The subjects were 20 patients who were diagnosis with stroke within 6 months. All patients received general rehabilitation intervention during the experimental period and robot-assisted therapy and task-oriented training. Robot assisted therapy was composed of 1 sessions, 1hour per person and task-oriented training was same. For result analysis, descriptive statistics, paired t-test were used. Results : After intervention, all participants got 3D motion analysis about reaching. For the result, there was statistically significant improvement in smoothness in robot assisted therapy(p<.05). there was no statistically significant difference between robot assisted therapy and task-oriented training in speed, time. In this result, we knew the robot assisted therapy can short term effect in elbow joint during arm reaching. Conclusion : Robot assisted therapy is considered as alternative choice in clinical occupational therapy for improving upper extremity function in subacute stage stroke patients.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.23-40
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• 1999

The analysis of thiodiglycolic acid in urine has been used as an index of biological exposure to vinyl chloride. Unfortunately thiodiglycolic acid has a strong hydrophilic character, because it has two carboxylic groups, so that it can only be extracted with organic solvent with a great difficulty. Underivatized thiodiglycolic acid tends to tail because of non-specific interaction with the inert support. Therefore, esterification is the obvious first choice for derivatization of thiodiglycolic acid, particularly for gas chromatography. In this study, the focus of interest is to compare two method of esterifications (methylation and silylation). Methylation is to make the methyl ester of thiodiglycolic acid by reaction with diazomethane. Silylation is to make the trimethylsilyl ester of thiodiglycolic acid by reaction with N-trimethylsily-ldiethylamine. The results and conclusions are as the following: 1. The detection limit (sensitivity) of methylated thiodiglycolic acid was $5.00{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ and silylated thiodiglycolic acid was $3.07{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ by gas chromatography with flame ionization detector. 2. The optimal liquid-liquid extraction of thiodiglycolic acid was as following: To each of the tubes, $15m{\ell}$ of urine, concentrated sulfuric acid (pH 1 - 2) and 5 gsodium sulfate were added. The samples was extracted three times with $5m{\ell}$ ethylacetate each time. 3. The methylated thiodiglycolic acid was more stable than silylated thiodiglycolic acid in extractional solvent which contained humidity. 4. The precision (pooled coefficient of variation for 4 days) of the analysis was 0.07324 in methylated thiodiglycolic acid with external standard calibration, and 0.07033 in methylated thiodiglycolic acid with internal standard calibration. 5. The precision (pooled coefficient of variation for 4 days) of the analysis was 0.10914 in silylated thiodiglycolic acid with external standard calibration, and 0.13602 in silylated thiodiglycolic acid with internal standard calibration. From the above results, the analysis of methylated thiodiglycolic acid was more sensitive (limit of detection) than silylated thiodiglycolic acid by gas chromatography. However, the methylated thiodiglycolic acid was stable in the humidity and was separated sharply on chromatogram. Also, analysis of methylated thiodiglycolic acid was more precise (pooled coefficient of variation for 4 days) than silylated thiodiglycolic acid. In conclusion, it is established that the analysis of methylated thiodiglycolic acid is appropriate for biological monitoring of exposure to vinyl chloride.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.33-42
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• 2016

Objective : The purpose of this study was to verify the effects of auditory stimulus using music on unilateral neglect in patients with stroke. Methods : This study used a single subject (ABA) design. The subject who showed unilateral neglect caused by stroke received auditory stimulus using music for 60 minutes per sessions. A total of 20 sessions were conducted. The unilateral neglect was measured by the Star cancellation test and Line bisection test during each session, and Catherine Bergego Scale was used to evaluate the degree of unilateral neglect in daily life pre-and post-test. Also, Positive Affect and Negative Affect Schedule was used to test subject's emotional status. Results : During the intervention period, the results of the Star cancellation test and Line bisection test showed the trend of reduction of unilateral neglect symptom and the effects of intervention were maintained after intervention. After intervention, the results of CBS indicated decreased unilateral neglect symptom in activities of daily living and the results of PANAS indicated increased positive affect. Conclusions : The result of this study indicate that auditory stimulus has a positive effect on the unilateral neglect, and may be considered as alternative choice in clinical occupational therapy for reducing unilateral neglect.

• Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.128-133
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• 2009

Brain drain of scientists and technologists to the United States from other countries is a phenomenal issue due to the potential developmental impacts it could have on sending countries. Immigration policies undoubtedly play the major part to shape the human resource outcomes. There has been a common sense explanation to the brain drain trend, which states that the lower English language requirements in the scientific and technology jobs compared to other high skill brain drain jobs offer immigrants more favorable employment opportunities. These and other language related variables are used with standard human capital model variables to assess the validity of the common sense proposition.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.47-58
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• 2023

Objective : This study aimed to investigate the current status and actual use of assessment tools by institutions in the field of occupational therapy with children in Korea. Methods : The study was conducted with 67 occupational therapists working with children in Korea. To investigate the use of evaluation tools by area, knowledge of the evaluation tools, and desire to participate in further education, the questionnaires used in studies by Lee, Hong, and Park (2018) and Kim (2015) were modified and supplemented according to the child evaluation tools currently in usein institutions in Korea. For data collection, we distributed Google questionnaires to child occupational therapists for 3 weeks using convenience sampling. Excel was used to analyze the use of the evaluation tools according to institution. Technical statistics and frequency analyses were used to verify the general characteristics, evaluation-related information, status of evaluation tool use, knowledge levels relating to evaluation tools, and desire to participate in education. A t-test was used for the evaluation tool status. Results : Welfare centers used the most evaluation tools, with an average of 11.1, followed by university hospitals, rehabilitation hospitals, clinics, and daycare centers. There were differences in the choice of tools used, hospital with the Jebsen-Taylor hand function test and the Wee-FIM (Functional Independence Measure) being the most frequently applied. Centers, daycare centers, and welfare center the Sensory Profile test and clinical observation were also used often. Regarding the level of knowledge of evaluation tools and the desire to participate further in education, 30 (44.8%) of the respondents had not completed their education, and 42 (62.7%) rated their knowledge level as generally low. When asked about the importance of using a manual to guide them in their use of evaluation tools, 66 (98.6%) answered positively, and 66 (98.6%) answered that they needed specialized training in the use of evaluation tools. Conclusion : This study makes it possible to understand the use and status of evaluation tools as used by different institutions in Korea in the field of child occupational therapy It is anticipated that it will provide the basis for introducing existing evaluation tools and preparing new evaluation tools to be used in this field in Korea.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Sensory Integration
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.11-20
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• 2011

Purpose : In this study, we tried to know that how the occupational therapists applied the core principles of Ayres's sensory integration(ASI) intervention for clients by using the method of self-assessment. Methods : The study period was from May 2010 to June 2010. The subjects were therapists who use a sensory integration intervention. We letted them to do self-assessment about degree of performing the treatment according to the core principles of ASI by using a questionnaire. Total 66 questionnaires were collected. SPSS for Windows version 15.0 was statistically analyzed. Results : There wasn't anybody without considering the 10 core principles of ASI interventions for children. Therapist's answer(more than 90%) was sometimes, often, always except for the guide self-organization in the 10 core principles of ASI intervention. On the basis of total average score of raw score of 10 core principles of ASI intervention, provide sensory opportunities, provide just-right challenges, collaborate on activity choice, maximize child's success, ensure physical safety, and foster therapeutic alliance showed more than 50 points(T value). The guide self-organization, support optimal arousal, create play context, and arrange room to engage child showed less than 50 points T value. Conclusion : The most effective interventions for sensory integration is the treatment based on the core principles of ASI intervention. According to core principle of ASI intervention, checking the quality of care and increasing the quality of care is needed through performing self-assessment.