• Safety and Health at Work
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• 제11권1호
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• pp.103-108
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• 2020

Background: Presenteeism has emerged as an important health-related issue and has been studied in a variety of occupation groups. This study examines the relationship between emotional labor and presenteeism in nurses in Republic of Korea. Methods: As a cross-sectional study, our study was conducted on 328 female nurses participating in the fourth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2015). Nurses were identified by the Korean Industry Classification Code. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to explore the association between emotional labor and presenteeism. Results: Female nurses who always or sometimes hide their emotions in the workplace were found to have a high risk for presenteeism compared with female nurses who rarely hide their emotions in the workplace {odds ratio [OR] = 2.40 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-5.54]; OR = 4.12 [95% CI 1.72-9.84], respectively}. Furthermore, the risk of presenteeism was higher in nurses who sometimes engaged with complaining customers compared with nurses who rarely did so, but it lacked statistical significance. Conclusion: Presenteeism in nurses can cause various negative secondary effects; therefore, an alternative should be sought to mediate nurses' emotional labor to prevent presenteeism.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.47-58
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• 1982

The author has studied on the clinical features and symptomatology of 97 MPDS patients, who visited the Dept. of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, from January to September in 1982. The results were as follow : In age and sex distribution of patients in this population, the third decades appeared to have the highest prevalence and the male to female ratio was almost 1 to 2.23. As to occupation, students and housewives were revealed to have the highest incidence of MPDS. The chief complaints of patients were pains, TMJ noises, and limitation of mouth opening in order of frequency, and the most prevalent site of symptom was that of preauricular area. In symptom sequence, the majority of initial symptoms were TMJ noise and pain but limitation of mandibular movement was progressively developed, regardless of nature of early symptoms. Chronic unfavorable oral habits were found to be the most possible predisposing factors in this study. The average maximum interincisal distance was $38.13\pm10.00mm$ in males and $30.73\pm8.75mm$ in females, and a deviation of mandible during mouth opening was observed in 60.8% of patients. In TMJ signs, tenderness of the TMJ to palpation was found in 60.8% of patients and TMJ noise was audible in 50.5% of patients with a stethoscope. The muscles of masticatory system were palpated according to usual methods, and a significant indidence of muscular tenderness was present, with the lateral pteygoid muscles being most frequently involved, followed by masseter, medical pterygoid and temporalis muscles.

• 한국토양비료학회지
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• 제42권5호
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• pp.348-354
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• 2009

제주도 지역을 대상으로 기후요인과 토양분포의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 기온, 강우량, 증발산량 등 기후요인을 이용하여 분석하였다. 온도를 기준으로 하여 중심지역의 Mesic상 지역과 주변부의 Thermic상 지역으로 구분하고, 월별 수분수지빈도를 기준으로 4개로 구분하여, 온도, 수분수지로 전체를 온대수분과 다지역(집단1), 난대수분과다지역(집단2), 난대수분균형지역(집단3), 난대수분부족지역(집단4), 난대수분매우부족지역(집단5)의 5개의 집단으로 구분할 수 있었다. 집단1에서 집단5로 갈수록 토양분류측면에서는 andisols, inceptisols, alfisols, ultisols의 분포 비중이, 토색측면에서는 흑색토양, 농암갈색토양, 암갈색토양의 분포비중이 높아지는 경향이었다.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.917-929
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• 2021

This study highlights the importance of remittance, the factors which affect the percentage of income remitted, and the investment options available to reduce remittance. For the year 2019, the remittances from Oman totaled $9.1 billion. Oman was among the top remitters with remittance to gross domestic product (GDP) ratio of 11.9%. A survey was conducted on 300 resident expats in Oman. The descriptive analysis shows that the maximum remittance percentage is between 21%-40% of income. The multinomial logistic regression results show that outward remittance depends on gender, age, occupation, number of dependent in Oman, and the number of dependent in the home country. Regarding investment, the most preferred investment option is business, followed by real estate and financial services. Age and education are found to affect investment options. This paper tries to fill the literature gap, especially for the case of Oman, by exploring what determines the level of remittance and the preferred choices for retaining funds. This study adds to the existing literature, as no previous study is available regarding how personal factors can influence the level of remittance and investment in a small oil-exporting developing country like Oman. The study will be helpful to policymakers and academicians in devising policies to retain and invest the outwards remittances in Oman.

• 농촌의학ㆍ지역보건
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.82-89
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• 2008

농촌의 고령화, 기계화 및 농약 사용량의 증가는 농어업인의 손상 및 중독의 증가에 영향을 미치고 있다. 본 연구에서는 농어민 자격자료와 건강보험수진자료 등 2차 자료원을 이용하여 농어업인과 비농어업인에서 손상질환의 유병률을 비교하였다.구체적으로 농어업인과 비농어업인 사이의 전체손상질환 유병률의 차이를 비교하였고 농어업인에서 많은 5대 다빈도 손상질환과 농약에 의한 중독 상병에 대해 비교하였다. 유병률 비교는 남녀 각각에서 비농어업인을 표준 인구로 간접 표준화법을 이용하여 연령보정 표준화 이환비와 95% 신뢰구간을 구하였다.연구결과 농어업인의 전체손상질환 연령보정 표준화이환비는 남자에서 137.6(95% 신뢰구간 137.1 - 138.1) 이었으며 여자에서는 123.3(95% 신뢰구간 122.9 - 123.8)로 유의하게 높았다. 세부질환별로는 요추/골반, 어깨, 목의 염좌, 흉골, 갈비뼈, 흉추의 골절과 살충제 중독에서 연령보정 표준화이환비가 유의하게 높았다.향후 농어업인 손상질환과 관련된 다양한 형태의 연구가 필요하며, 농어업으로 인한 손상의 지역별 또는 경시적 비교가 가능하도록 전체 손상과 작업관련성 손상의 정의를 표준화하는 것이 필요하다.

• 한국인구학
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.159-178
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• 2011

한국은 합계출산율이 대체수준 이하로 떨어진 1980년대 중반부터 1990년대 중반에 이르기까지 출생성비가 급격하게 상승하는 현상을 경험하였다. 출생성비의 상승은 대구, 부산과 경상북도 및 경상남도를 포함하는 영남 지역에서 두드러졌다. 한국의 출생성비는 1993년과 1994년 정점에 도달한 이후 지속적으로 저하하였으며, 2007년에 이르면 정상수준으로 낮아진 것으로 판단된다. 국제사회에서 한국은 짧은 기간에 출생성비의 저하를 성공적으로 달성한 국가로 널리 인정된다. 그러나 출산순위 및 부모의 사회경제적 지위에 따른 출생성비를 살펴보면 아직도 비정상적으로 높은 출생성비가 관찰된다. 이러한 현상은 영남 지역에서 가장 두드러지게 나타난다. 아직도 일부 지역과 집단에서는 성선별 출산행위가 광범하게 이루어지고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 이 연구의 주된 목적은 2009년 출생신고 원자료를 활용하여 어머니의 연령, 출산순위, 부모의 교육수준과 직업 등에 따른 출생성비의 편차를 영남 지역을 대상으로 파악하는 것이다. 이 연구에서는 출생성비의 불균형을 초래하는 성선별 출산행위의 설명틀을 적용하여 영남 지역에서 나타나는 출생성비의 집단간 편차를 설명하고자 시도한다. 마지막으로, 이 연구에서는 인공유산에 대하여 가용한 자료가 없다는 점을 감안하여, 1994년, 2005년, 2009년의 세 시점에서 성선별 출산행위에 관한 시뮬레이션 작업이 이루어졌다. 이 시뮬레이션 작업의 결과들은 성감별과 성선별 출산행위가 세 시점에서 얼마나 광범하게 이루어졌고, 아울러 출생성비에 미친 파급효과가 어떠하였는가를 확인해준다.

• 한국조리학회지
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• 제8권3호
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• pp.213-230
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• 2002

The meaning of foodservice industry is various but especially its most important one contains a service industry. And so, foodservice industry should provide very impressive service to customers. if workers don't satisfy themselves at the works, they can not give a high qualifying service to the customers. Therefore, this study showed how the worker's satisfactory degree depending on working type effects on the growth of foodservice industry. The conclusions by questionnaires to workers who have worked as both a regular and a contract employment at Special First Degree Hotels in Seoul are followings. Very interestingly, the proportion of satisfying degree for the workers as regular is 34.94% but the degree for workers as contract is 36.8%. The reason is that the average age of regular workers is high and they have their family to support and they have changed their job more often than the others. They can express their problems through a labor union but the part of solution is very small. It must cause to decrease satisfying degree. The workers generally satisfied to their senior employers. It means that the negative image of higher-ups in the past has been changed. It is a serious problem that the proportion of satisfaction degree remains 30%. The managements must perceive the fact that the increase ratio of contract workers does not make low quality of service. They should know that the satisfaction degree of regular workers is lower than contract ones. In order to increase the satisfaction degree, if the managements can find out the way of taking over their authority and giving a motive, they can reduce the ratio of occupation change and nonattendance. And also they can promote the productivity in foodservice industry and in conclusion, the foodservice industry will have glowed very successfully in the near future.

• 대한예방한의학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2016

Objectives : There is a correlation between student's satisfaction of education and their occupation satisfaction. Therefore, Korean medical school students' satisfaction toward their education is important for their medical ability in Traditional Korean Medicine(TKM). The purpose of this study is to investigate TKM school students' satisfaction of education and their perceptions of TKM level. Methods : The questionnaire used in this study is consisted of questions about students' satisfaction and their perception toward issues about TKM. 168 cases were collected, and I analyzed 164 cases. Results : 43.9% of students think that the ratio of western medical courses to TKM courses in TKM school's curriculum is 'Proper'. 54.3% of students do not satisfy their curriculum. But, 51.2% of students would recommend high school students for entrance to TKM school. 77.9% of students think 'TKM doctor should use modern medical device'. 92.7% and 61.9% of students think 'Needed' toward 'Cooperation of western medicine and Korean medicine', and 'Medical unification' each. There are correlations ; (1)'recognition toward ratio of curriculum', (2)'satisfaction of curriculum', (3)'degree of recommendation to enter the TKM School', (4)'relation between TKM and Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) or Complementary and Alternative Medicine(CAM)'. Conclusions : Student's satisfaction of education is not quite high than satisfaction of TKM study itself. Most of respondents agreed usage of medical devices. The more they thought that they had curriculum for western medicine, the lesser they thought that medical unification was ont needed. Further studies are needed to assess satisfactions of students for their education with more accuracy results.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제13권5호
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• pp.269-276
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• 2015

혈청 콜레스테롤 수준과 우울증의 연관성을 파악하고자 제4기 국민건강영양조사의 설문조사와 검사자료에서 우울증상군 834명과 대조군 3,317명을 추출하여 다변량 로지스틱 회귀분석으로 교차비를 계산하였다. 분석 결과 우울증상은 가족 월수입, 결혼상태, 교육기간, 직업, 흡연상태, 신체활동을 보정한 상태에서 저밀도지단백이 낮을 때(기준 높음) 교차비가 6.435배(95% CI)로 유의하게 높았다. 결론적으로 낮은 저밀도지단백은 우울 증상을 높일 위험이 높다는 것이 밝혀졌다. 그러나 아직 콜레스테롤에 의한 우울 기전이 아직 밝혀지지 않았기 때문에 추후 다양한 분야의 융복합 연구를 통하여 이를 밝힐 필요가 있다.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.274-281
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• 2004

Objectives : This study was performed to investigate the injury rates and risk factors for preschool children in Daegu city and Kyungpook province. Method : A questionnaire survey about medically attended injuries during the preschool period was performed in nine primary schools located in Daegu city, Pohang city and Goryung County. The overall injury rate was estimated using person-year. The causes and patterns of the injuries, and their risk factors were examined. Result : A total of 469 medically attended injuries were reported in 330 of the 959 study subjects during the preschool period. The overall annual injury rate was 7.5 per 100 children. The injury rate increased sharply during the period from infant (2.4) to 1 year of age (7.5), and the peak injury rate (9.2) was reported for 5 year olds. The most common causes of injuries were falling (36.0%), followed by being struck by an object (23.7%), and traffic accidents (14.1%). Among the traffic accidents, 72.8% occurred while playing on the road, riding a bicycle or roller-skating. A proportional hazard model showed that males (hazard ratio=1.49, p<0.001 compared with female) and the mother's higher education level (hazard ratio of college or higher= 1.51, p=0.013; high school=1.32, p=0.085 compared with those of middle school or lower) were significant risk factors of childhood injury. Conclusion : The results of this study suggested that efforts for children's safety should be made, especially from the toddler stage, and in male children. To develop a more specific childhood injury prevention program, a surveillance system for injuries should be established. Further study of the relationship between mother's occupation and injury rates is also needed.