• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.101-108
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• 2014

The performance of the daylighting in buildings depends on building site and shape. As an energy saving design strategy, daylighting is a key issue in green building design. In this paper, the influence of the adjacent or obstructed building on daylighting performance of the office building in urban area was analyzed. A typical office building about 20 storeys with obstructed buildings has been modeled and simulated using Radiance. The parametric simulations have been performed to analyze the influence of the daylighting performance (illuminance, luminance) of the analyzed office. The results show that the possibility of the glare was decreased when the obstructed building is located in south, also the illuminance level was significantly decreased. When the obstructed building is located in north, the changes of the illuminance level and luminance possibility were somewhat small compared to the unobstructed condition. The daylighting performance of the analyzed building was most affected by the obstructed building in winter season.

• Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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• 1997.11a
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• pp.345-352
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• 1997

We could analyse the fire behavior using the developed software for fire safety assessment in a large space such as atrium. But Korean building law hasn't admitted the result of fire risk assessment in atrium. In the legislation fire resistant wall or shutter must be required between atrium and office rooms, That has obstructed development of building design and fire protection technique in Korea. From this point of view, we made scenarios of fire spread between atrium and office rooms, and then computed fire spread and fire phenomena using FASTLite and Breakl. In this study, we can decide that fire compartmentalization between atrium and office rooms doesn't require in Atrium building if the material and fire protection system were reliable. Consequently, Korean Fire Protection Regulations have to consider in direction of increasing freedom of building.

• International conference on construction engineering and project management
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• 2015.10a
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• pp.704-705
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• 2015

Recent research has been ongoing for modular buildings in the country, and interest increases. However, in accordance with legal restrictions in the country with regard to Project Delivery system of Modular Building, the activation of modular buildings industry is obstructed. In Korea, in accordance with national contract law, the construction contract is apply to the project delivery system of modular buildings, and in accordance with Framework Act on the Construction Industry, The project delivery system of modular buildings has to be a separate order. The definition of separate order in contract as defined in the law is that the electric work and Communication work and digestion facility work has to be separate each contract in order to be ensured professionalism. In accordance with law, the project delivery system of modular buildings is that the contract for construction is concluded with the Owner and the Construction Contractor and the contract for goods is concluded with the construction Contractor and modular manufacturer. Due to these project delivery system, the domestic factory production rate when making a modular unit is significantly reduced compared to the rate of factory production abroad and the domestic factory production rate is estimated to 10-20%. Due to the factory production rate is also low, despite what can be done at the factory the workload in construction field increases. According to the workload in field increases, the effect of the schedule reduction can be reduced. It resolved to form a consortium with a modular manufacturer and construction companies or the contract is concluded with Owner, modular manufacturer and construction companies in each. In this paper, we propose a specific project delivery system for modular building to solve the problem of the low factory production rate and the problem of schedule reduction. Through this paper, due to the variety of project delivery system on modular buildings is expected to contribute to the activation of modular buildings.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.17 no.5
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• pp.23-37
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• 2008

Hyeunryungwon is a tomb for Crown Prince Sado, who was the father of King Jeongjo, the twenty second king of Joseon dynasty. The tomb had been originally in the Eastern part of Seoul, but was relocated in 1789 to the downtown Suwon, which was renowned as a good tomb site among the Royal family at that time. King Jeongjo looked through the records from the previous generations for the ideal location and direction for the tomb. He personally studied Feng Shui theory and designated its location and direction. He ordered for lavish decorations for the stone adornments of the surroundings of the grave mound, which was against the regulations of the royal family. He found his reasons in the precedent that allowed sumptuous decoration. However, for the arrangements of Jeongjagahk(T shaped building) and other attached facilities, he made unusual choice that other precedent royal tombs did not have. Instead of following the conventions that Jeongjagak should be facing south of a grave mound, he put it on the right side of grave mound. Also conventionally, Subokbang(a place where guards can stay) and Suragan(a kitchen that prepares food for sacrificial rites) should be facing symmetrically, but they too, were on the same side with Jeongjagak. It was a measurement that the grave mound of Hyeunryungwon can have a full view without being obstructed by other facilities and it was also personally ordered by King Jeongjo. The distinguishing features of Hyeunryuwon was motivated by King Jeongjo's filial affection, and his academic pursuit of precedent royal tombs initiated the unconventional and innovative challenges.

• Neonatal Medicine
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.124-132
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• 2021

Purpose: Neonatal near miss (NNM) allows for the detection of risk factors associated with serious newborn complications and death, the prevention of which could reduce neonatal mortality. This study was conducted with the objective of identifying predictors for NNM in a tertiary hospital in Bangalore city. Methods: This was an unmatched case-control study involving 120 NNM cases and 120 controls. NNM was determined using Pileggi-Castro's pragmatic and management criteria. Data was collected from in-patient hospital records and interviews of postpartum mothers. Multiple logistic regression of exposure variables was performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with 95% confidence interval (CI). Results: Significant predictors were maternal age ≥30 years (AOR, 5.32; 95% CI, 1.12 to 9.29; P=0.041), inadequate antenatal care (ANC) (AOR, 8.35; 95% CI, 1.98 to 51.12; P=0.032), <3 ultrasound scans during pregnancy (AOR, 12.5; 95% CI, 1.60 to 97.27; P=0.016), maternal anaemia (AOR, 18.96; 95% CI, 3.10 to 116.02; P=0.001), and any one obstetric complication (hypertensive disorder in pregnancy, diabetes in pregnancy, preterm premature rupture of membranes, prolonged labour, obstructed labour, malpresentation) (AOR, 4.34; 95% CI, 1.26 to 14.95; P=0.02). Conclusion: The predictors of NNM identified has important implications for public health policy and practice whose modifications can improve NNM. These include expanding essential ANC package to include ultrasound scans, ensuring World Health Organization recommendations of eight ANC visits, capacity building at all levels of health care to strengthen routine ANC and obstetric care for effective screening, referral and management of obstetric complications.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.49-56
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• 2016

Recent research has been ongoing for modular buildings in the country and interest increases. However, the activation of modular building projects is obstructed in the construction industry. There are many reasons to identity for this obstruction but one issue should be focussed. Modular buildings require to change the existing construction production system to a new construction production system, which is factory production - transportation - erection. However, the existing project delivery system in the public sector could not be adapted for this new construction production system due to the obligation of multi prime contract use, such as electrical, communication, fire fighting contracts by Law. Therefore, modular buildings in the existing project delivery system are separately contracted by multi prime contracts and modular units composed of the buildings are contracted by an architectural prime contractor as a commodity. As results, construction costs are increased, potential quality problems are raised and the existing project delivery system is finally an obstacle not to maximize benefits of the modular buildings. In this paper, we propose a new project delivery system for the modular buildings to adapt then ew construction production system.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.1-19
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• 2017

This study set out to identify problems with amphibian habitation by the wetland types and improve their habitation environment in urban forest wetlands, thus creating a habitat for amphibians. Study site include forest swamps in Jatjul Park as well as Yeoji neighborhood Park in Guro-gu, and in Choansan neighborhood Park in Dobong-gu. The forest swamp in Jatjul Park gets its water from Mt. Maebong and it is a former escalated farmland-turned wetland. The swamp area is $2,500m^2$, a forest zone and a landscape planting site are 83.27% and 6.70% each. Target species Seoul pond frogs are inseparable from rice fields because they live in a short radius of and lay eggs in or near paddy fields, and Rana nigromaculata have similarities with Rana plancyi chosenica in choosing their habitats. There was need for paths that would lead to other paths so amphibians would spread to other parts of the forest and for measures to secure open water. Modifying a variety of routes for water, human and animals along with building a buffer to keep the core habitation zones were required. The forest swamp in Yeonji neighborhood Park used to be a water reservoir on the foot of Mt. Gunji. The swamp area is $1,980m^2$, a forest zone and farmland account for 80.61% and 4.88% each. Non-point pollutants from upstream along run into the subject forest marsh, bare ground on the around swamp and steep stone embankments obstructed amphibians. Target species was Bufo gargarizans that live in forests and edges of hills and spawn in deep water. The forest swamp in Choansan neighborhood Park gets its water from Mt. Choan and it is close to its water source that it is a mountain stream forest wetland. The basin and the swamp are $35,240m^2$ and $250m^2$ in size respectively. A forest zone accounts for 90.20%, high stone embankments laid in refurbishing the valley obstruct amphibians and there is water shortage in times of droughts. Target species were Rana coreana, Rana dybowskii and Hynobius leechii that live in mountain valleys, streams and wetlands and lay eggs in forest marshes and rocks in valleys. Looking into the three swamps of amphibian habitation, I came to conclusions that those wetlands were suitable for their amphibians but man-made facilities blocked their corridors leading to other corridors and even killed off target species in some parts of those swamps by destroying those parts. Amphibians live in water, on ground and underground at different stages of life. Hence, we should take this fact into consideration when planning their habitats and design core habitation zones, buffers zone and use zones accordingly. Buffer zones ought to be between core habitation zones and surrounding trees. Aiming at protecting core habitation zones, buffers should be in harmony with habitation zones. Use zones should be minimized in size and not in direct contact with core habitation zones.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.28 no.9
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• pp.343-349
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• 2016

Due to the recent increase in lighting energy consumption in buildings, there are a growing number of studies seeking solutions this problem. The effectiveness of light-shelves as natural lighting systems to solve this problem has been recognized, and various studies regarding such systems are being carried out currently. However, the lighting efficiency of light-shelves decreases if illumination intensity is low-such as at night time, and it also obstructs the views of building occupants. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to examine a movable drawer type light-shelf which allows for the width of the reflector to be adjusted and verify its performance through a simulated test-bed. The following conclusions were reached. 1) The purpose of this study is to solve the problem previously associated with the light-shelf system- of obstructed views-by responding to external environments and minimizing the width of the light-shelf at night time when the efficiency of the light-shelf declines. 2) The proper variables of the movable drawer type light-shelf which enables the width adjustment of the reflector were ascertained in this study according to four solar terms : a width of 0.6 m at an angle of $20^{\circ}$, a width of 0.4m with an angle of $20^{\circ}$, and a width of 0.1 m with an angle of $20^{\circ}$ were determined for the summer solstice, fall/spring equinoxes, and winter solstice respectively; revealing that width adjustment of the light-shelf is a significant factor. 3) The movable drawer type light-shelf which enables${\backslash}$width adjustment of the reflector suggested in this study can reduce the lighting energy consumption by 18.7% and 14.3% in comparison to previous light-shelves with a fixed width of 0.3 m and 0.6m, indicating that it is effective for saving energy.

• The Korean Society of Law and Medicine
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.3-44
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• 2022

As a result of a close review focusing on the case of obstruction of epidemiological investigation by a religious group A in Daegu, which was a problem when the pandemic of Covid-19 infection began in Korea around February 2, 2020, when an epidemiological investigator requested a specific group to submit a list, While there have been cases where an act of not responding or submitting an edited omission list was sentenced to the effect that the act did not fall under an epidemiological investigation, in the case of non-submission of the visitor list for the B Center, even though a 'list of visitors' was requested. Regarding the fact of refusal without a justifiable reason, 'providing a list of persons entering the building is a key factual act that forms a link between epidemiological investigations accompanying an epidemiological investigation, and refusing to do so is also an act of refusal and obstruction of an epidemiological investigation. There are cases where it is possible to demand criminal punishment. Regardless of whether the request for submission of the membership list falls under the epidemiological investigation, there are cases in which the someones' actions correspond to the refusal or obstruction of the epidemiological investigation. A lower court ruling that if an epidemiological investigation is rejected or obstructed as a result of interfering with factual acts accompanying an epidemiological investigation, comprehensively considering whether or not the list has been diverted for purposes other than epidemiological investigation, the logic is persuasive. Epidemiological investigations such as surveys and human specimen collection and testing are conducted for each infectious disease patient or contact confirmed as a result of the epidemiological investigation, but epidemiological investigations conducted on individual individuals cannot exist independently of each other, and the This is because the process of identification and tracking is essential to an epidemiological investigation, and if someone intentionally interferes with or rejects the process of confirming this link, it will result in direct, realistic, and widespread interference with the epidemiological investigation. In this article, ① there are differences between an epidemiological investigation and a request for information provision under the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act, but there are areas that fall under the epidemiological investigation even in the case of a request for information, ② Considering the medical characteristics of COVID-19 and the continuity of the epidemiological investigation, the epidemiological investigator the fact that the act of requesting a list may fall under the epidemiological investigation, ③ that the offense of obstructing the epidemiological investigation in certain cases may constitute 'obstruction of Performance of Official Duties by Fraudulent Means', and ④ rejecting the request for information provision under the Infectious Disease Control and Prevention Act from September 29, 2020 In this case, it is intended to be helpful in the application of the Infectious Disease control and Prevention Act and the practical operation of epidemiological investigations in the future by pointing out the fact that a new punishment regulation of imprisonment or fine is being implemented.