• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
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• 제25권5호
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• pp.1117-1125
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• 2014

In a longitudinal study, subjects can experience same type of events repeatedly. Also, there may exist intermittent dropouts resulting in repeated observation gaps during which no recurrent events are observed. Furthermore, when such observation gaps have incomplete forms caused by the unknown termination times of observation gaps, ordinary approaches result in biased estimates. In this study, we investigate the effect of ignoring observation gaps and propose methods to overcome this problem. For estimating the distribution of unknown termination times, an interval-censored mechanism is applied and two cases are considered. Simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. Conviction data of young drivers with several suspensions are analyzed to illustrate the suggested approach.

• 천문학논총
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• 제19권1호
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• pp.55-63
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• 2004

Observation environment of the Bohyunsan Optical Astronomy Observatory(BOAO) has been examined using various statistical data including real observation times versus allocated times and seeing statistics. The data have been collected from the observation logs of the 1.8m telescope in the period 1998 - 2004. New criteria have been set up to calculate a more realistic observation efficiency of the observatory. The new statistical analysis based on the new criteria gives the overall observation efficiency of BOAO as $38.6\%$, that is equivalent to 115.8 observable nights out of 300 allocatable nights. The seeing statistics shows that the mean seeing measured at the focal images is 2".3. The present study of the observation environment of BOAO suggests that differential photometry and spectroscopy should be preferred modes of observation to maximize the productivity of BOAO.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.90-98
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• 2014

This study has analyzed the meaning of observation time in the course of acquiring the information of subjects who observed the space of hall in subway stations to figure out the process of spatial information excluded and the features of intensive searching. The followings are the results from the analysis of searching process with the interpretation of the process for information acquirement through the interpretation of observation area and time. First, based on the general definition of observation time, the reason for analyzing the features of acquiring spatial information according to the subjects' observation time has been established. The feature of decreased analysis data reflected that of observation time in the process of perceiving and recognizing spatial information, which showed that the observation was focused on the enter of the space during the time spent in the process of observing the space and the spent time with considerable exclusion of bottom end (in particular, right bottom end). Second, while the subjects were observing the space of hall in subway stations, they focused on the top of the left center and the signs on the right exit the most, which was followed by the focus on the both side horizontally and the clock on the top. Third, the analysis of consecutive observation frequency enabled the comparison of the changes to the observation concentration by area. The difference of time by area produced the data with which the change to the contents of spatial searching in the process of searching space could be known. Fourth, as the observation frequency in the area of I changed [three times -> six times -> 9 times], the observation time included in the area increased, which showed the process for the change from perception to recognition of information with the concentration of attention through visual information. It makes it possible to understand that more time was spent on the information to be acquired with the exclusion of the unnecessary information around.

• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
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• 제21권4호
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• pp.87-95
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• 2012

This study is for the analysis to which element of space the users observing the lobby at a public space pay more attention for their visual perception. It is focused on the typology process of observation characters. The subjects, in the observation process, came to be interested in the circumstantial clues for space perception and the detailed characters drawing their interest. I could analyze the observation characters of the subjects observing the space by the comprehension and typology of their observation characters. First, from the viewpoint of successive 9 times of observations, each subject observed for 0.32 second to get the visual perception in the applied space, but spent another 0.39 second for the exploration of another observation object or the space roaming. The observation character of the subjects at the lobby of the public space selected for this experiment was that they spent more time on space exploration than on concentration on a point in the space. Second, I analyzed the typology process through the time range. Since the subjects' frequency varied depending on the way to set up the time range, the necessity was proposed that the time range for the analysis of observation characters should be set up more objectively. Third, in case of analyzing the observation characters by 10-second-unit time range, the concentration in the beginning and the middle was 25%, and that in the beginning and the final 41.7%, which showed that 75% of the subjects concentrated in the beginning of the observation time when the concentration in the beginning is added to it. Fourth, the type 3 categorized as "concentration in the beginning and the middle" is the group 47.1 percent of the subjects belong to, and each subject concentrated 1.1 times in the beginning and 2.1 times in the final, which showed that the concentration in the final was 1.75 times as high as that in the beginning.

• 한국해양공학회지
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.607-614
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• 2019

It has been an issue among researchers that the tsunamis that occurred on the west coast of Japan in 1983 and 1993 damaged the coastal cities on the east coast of Korea. In order to predict and reduce the damage to the Korean Peninsula effectively, it is necessary to install offshore tsunami observation instruments as part of the system for the early detection of tsunamis. The purpose of this study is to recommend the optimal deployment of tsunami observation instruments in terms of the higher probability of tsunami detection with the minimum equipment and the maximum evacuation and warning time according to the current situation in Korea. In order to propose the optimal location of the tsunami observation equipment, this study will analyze the tsunami propagation phenomena on the east sea by considering the potential tsunami scenario on the west coast of Japan through numerical modeling using the COrnell Multi-grid COupled Tsunami (COMCOT) model. Based on the results of the numerical model, this study suggested the optimal deployment of Korea's offshore tsunami observation instruments on the northeast side of Ulleung Island.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.20-31
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of PBL-based astronomical observation on the science process skills and scientific attitudes in elementary science-gifted students. To verify research problems, the subjects of this study were forth-grade students selected from one classes of an elementary science-gifted class in Busan National University of education : the research group is composed of twenty students who were participated in PBL-based astronomical observation program. During four weeks, the PBL-based astronomical observation program instruction was executed in the reasearch group. Post-test showed following results: First, the research group showed a significant improvement in the science process skill. We look into detailly this, the research group showed a significant improvement in the basis science skill. The sub-factor 'expectation' of the science process skill effects a significant improvement. Second, the research group showed a significant improvement in the scientific attitudes. In conclusion, PBL-based astronomical observation program was more effective on science process skill and scientific attitudes. However, since the study has a limit on an object of the study and the applied program, the additional studies need to be conducted with an extended comparative group and program.

• 과학교육연구지
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• 제35권2호
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• pp.127-137
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• 2011

이 연구의 목적은 현미경을 이용한 생물 실험에서 고등학생들의 관찰 결과 보고의 오류 유형 분석틀을 고안하고 적용하는 것이다. 연구를 위해 B광역시 소재 인문계열 남자 고등학생 12명을 대상으로 5가지 관찰 실험을 수행하였다. 실험을 수행하기 전 문헌분석을 통해 관찰 결과 보고 오류 분석틀을 고안하였다. 실험 수행에서 학생들은 사전 지식 확인지를 작성하였고, 관찰 결과는 실험보고서에 기록하였다. 실제 결과 사진과 학생들이 제출한 실험보고서를 비교 분석하여 관찰 결과 보고의 오류 유형을 분석하였다. 연구 결과를 실제결과와 결과보고간에 일치한 일치보고의 비율이 낮게 나타났다. 이는 관찰 방법과 기록 방법에 대한 교육의 부재 때문으로 볼 수 있다. 실제 결과를 객관적으로 관찰하는 훈련과 결과 중심의 확인용 관찰이 아니라 제대로 된 관찰이 가능한 실험 환경의 개선이 필요하다. 또한 관찰한 사실대로 기록하는 연구의 진실성과 관련된 과학 연구윤리 교육이 실시되어야 한다. 본 연구에서 고안 적용한 관찰 결과 보고의 오류 분석틀은 교사들이 관찰 전략을 계획하고 올바른 관찰 관점과 방법의 안내를 위한 기초 자료로 활용할 수 있을 것이다.

• 대한공업교육학회지
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• 제43권1호
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• pp.114-133
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• 2018

이 연구는 학교 및 발명교육센터 등에서 이루어지는 발명교육활동의 분석과 질적 제고를 위한 관찰 및 분석 도구를 개발하기 위한 것이다. 이 연구를 위해 문헌 고찰을 통해 관찰 및 분석 도구의 초안을 개발하였으며, 이에 대하여 발명교육현장 전문가와 발명교육연구 전문가 10인으로부터 의견 수렴을 통해 타당화 하였다. 전문가 의견수렴은 Fehring(1987)의 내용타당도 지수(CVI)를 근거로 하였다. 이에 따른 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 발명교육활동의 관찰 및 분석의 틀은 관찰대상, 관찰단계 그리고 관찰내용의 3차원으로 구성된다. 둘째, 발명교육활동 관찰 및 분석의 도구는 분석자, 관찰 대상, 관찰 수업 내용, 교사 관찰 및 분석, 학생 관찰 및 분석, 교육환경과 과제 관찰 및 분석으로 구성된다. 셋째, 개발된 도구는 5점 리커트 척도 외에 개별 관찰요소에 대한 의견 및 종합 의견을 기술할 수 있도록 구성하였다. 이를 통하여 향후 발명교육활동에 대한 모니터링을 통해 질적인 평가 외에 교육활동 개선이 이루어지길 기대한다.

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.229-238
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• 2020

본 연구는 점진적 관찰감소 동작 관찰훈련이 만성기 뇌졸중 환자의 상지 기능과 일상생활 활동에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 실시하였다. 만성기 뇌졸중 환자를 대상으로 점진적 관찰감소 동작 관찰훈련을 하는 실험군 4명과 기존의 동작 관찰 훈련을 받는 3명의 대조군으로 구분하여, 주 6회, 회당 30분씩, 총 2주간 실시하였다. 상지 기능 평가는 상자와 나무토막 검사(BBT)와 푸글 마이어 상지 운동기능평가 (FMA)를, 일상생활 활동 수행능력 평가는 한글판 수정바델지수(K-MBI)와 운동 활동 지표 (MAL)를 사용하였다. 그룹 별 중재 전·후 차이의 비교 결과와 두 그룹 간의 비교 결과는 BBT, FMA, K-MBI, MAL에서 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이진 않았으나, 실험군이 대조군에 비해 평균 점수 측면에서 더 큰 차이가 나타났다. 결과적으로 점진적 관찰감소 동작 관찰훈련은 기존의 동작관찰훈련 보다 더욱 긍정적인 영향을 끼칠 수 있음을 확인할 수 있었다.

• 대기
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.169-181
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• 2020

We conducted a study on the impact of observation station density; this was done in order to enable the accurate estimation of spatial meteorological variables. The purpose of this study is to help operate an efficient observation network by examining distributions of temperature, relative humidity, and wind speed in a test area of a three-dimensional meteorological observation project in the Yeongdong region in 2019. For our analysis, we grouped the observation stations as follows: 41 stations (for Step 4), 34 stations (for Step 3), 17 stations (for Step 2), and 10 stations (for Step 1). Grid values were interpolated using the kriging method. We compared the spatial accuracy of the estimated meteorological grid by using station density. The effect of increased observation network density varied and was dependent on meteorological variables and weather conditions. The temperature is sufficient for the current weather observation network (featuring an average distance about 9.30 km between stations), and the relative humidity is sufficient when the average distance between stations is about 5.04 km. However, it is recommended that all observation networks, with an average distance of approximately 4.59 km between stations, be utilized for monitoring wind speed. In addition, this also enables the operation of an effective observation network through the classification of outliers.