• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.46-60
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• 1992

Clinical observation was done on 496cases of the Out-patients and 136cases of the In-patients more than 65 years of age in Department of Internal Medicine, Oriental Medical Hospital in Dong Guk Univ. from March 1991 to February 1992. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of senile (more than 65 years of age) was 16.4% in total Out-patients, was 38.1% in total In-patients. 2. The ratio of male to female was 1:1.1 in the Out-patients, In-patients was 1.2:1. The age distribution showed the large number in the 65-69 year group, the female more than the male in 70 th's group. 3. The diagnostic distribution was noted in the Out-patients as follows, Respiratory Dis. 50.6%, Cardiovascular Dis 16.4%, Brain Neurogic Dis. 14.5%, Gastrointestinal Dis. 8.1%. in the In-patients. Brain Neurogic Dis. was 76.5%, Cardiovascular Dis was 19.8%. 4. The ratio of the season distribution in the Out-patients was as follows, spring 40.2%, winter 21.2%, summer 20.9%, in the In-patients. winter was 35.9%, autumn was 25.0%, spring was 19.9%. 5. The utilization of therapeutic clinic before coming the Oriental Medical Hospital in Dong Guk Univ, was as follows, the ratio of the Out-patients was noted a hospital or clinic was 57.1%, no-treatment 22.9%, a oriental medical hospital or clinic was 8.3%. In the admission was noted no-treatment was 38.3%, a oriental medical hospital or clinic was 35.3%. 6. The ratio of the periods from onset to Out-patients department was noted within 5days was 7.3%, over 1 year was 52.6%. In the admission was noted within 1 day was 41.9%, within 7 days was 71.8%. 7. The ratio of the therapeutic periods in the Out-patients department was noted within 10 days was 48.3%, over 60 days was 7.1%. 8. The ratio of the admission periods was noted within 10 days was 45.6%, the median of the admissio was 10.8 days. Brain Neurogic Dis's median was 20.2 days. 9. The therapeutic result was noted the case of improvement was 75.7% in the admission. 10. The ratio of the Out-patients department after discharging was 53.7%, in the case of Brain Neurogic Dis. was 60.7%.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.229-238
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• 1980

高麗人蔘抽出液의 효과를 관찰하고자 실시되었다. 대조군은 15일 동안에 관찰되었으며 인삼투여군은 Sarcoma-180에 감염된 마우스에 인삼추출액을 매일 경구투여하여 15일째에 관찰 비교하였다. 그 결과는 아래와 같다. 1) 肉腫癌쥐에 있어서 癌감염후 15일간 赤血球와 血小板의 수에는 有意性變化가 없었으나, 白血球는 初期에 증가되다가 中期 이후부터는 급격히 감소하였다. 그러나 人蔘抽出液處理群에서는 심한 감소현상은 나타나지 않았다. 이는 白血球가 生體防禦의 작용을 한다는 이론에 人蔘抽出液이 이를 보조해 준 것으로 판단된다. 2) 肉腫癌쥐의 血淸蛋白은 非選擇性 蛋白漏出型 血淸蛋白盆畵像을 보였다. 人蔘抽出液處理群에서도 비슷한 현상을 보였으나 對照群에 비하여 심하지는 않았다. 이는 人蔘抽出液이 肉腫癌쥐에 肉腫癌의 發育에 있어서 약간의 遲延性 내지는 免疫性을 가지게 하는 것으로 사료된다. 3) 肉腫癌쥐에 있어서의 serum cholesterol의 함량은 中期까지는 증가되다가 末期에서는 감소되었다. 그러나 人蔘抽出液處理群에서는 약간의 증가현상을 보였다. 末期에 감소되는 현상은 여러 가지 원인중 특히 攝食量의 부족에 기인되는 것으로 추측되는바, 인삼추출액이 담癌體에 대하여 약간의 耐性을 가지게 함으로서 攝食量이 줄지 않음에 기인되는 것으로 추측된다. 4) 肉腫癌쥐의 serum total lipid는 癌이 진전됨에 따라서 증가되었다. 그리고 $\\alpha-, \\beta-$lipoprotein은 감소현상을 보였으나 pre $\\beta$-lipopotein은 급격히 증가되었다. 人蔘抽出液處理群에서는 對照群에서의 初期의 값을 보여주었다. 이러한 현상 역시 人蔘抽出液이 위와 같은 이론에 의해서 生體를 보호해 준 것으로 추측되며 肉腫癌에 대하여 약간의 耐性을 갖게한 결과로 판단된다.

• Journal of Korean Dental Science
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• 제16권1호
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• pp.23-34
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• 2023

Purpose: This study aims to investigate the force delivery profile of thermoformed aligners (TFA) compared with direct-printed aligners (DPA) and to explore the effect of different activation amounts on forces and moments of respective groups. A secondary objective is to observe the amount of stress relaxation that occurs over the 7~14 days when aligners are maintained in a simulated intraoral environment. Materials and Methods: An in vitro setup was created to quantify forces and moments. It consisted of a three dimensional-printed base plate and segmented maxillary teeth, placed in a semi-enclosed chamber to maintain a temperature of 37℃. Ninety clear aligners were divided into nine groups of ten aligners each based on material types (Zendura, ATMOS, TC-85) and activation amounts. Aligners were created with 0.00, 0.25- and 0.50-mm activations for lingual bodily movement of the upper left central incisor and kept on models in the "stressed" position in a 37℃ water bath. Three force components acting on the upper left lateral incisor, upper left central incisor, and upper right central incisor were measured for each time point, beginning from the initial baseline measurement, 8 hours, 16 hours, 24 hours, 2 days, 3 days, 4 days, 5 days, 6 days, 7 days, and lastly, 14 days. Result: TC-85 aligners in every activation group showed less force on teeth than Zendura and ATMOS. Significant force levels from 0.0 mm activation were present and stayed consistent over the course of 14 days. Comparisons made for baseline measurements to 7-days and 14-days showed statistically significant change from the baseline force level. Conclusion: TC-85 aligners demonstrated lower, more consistent forces with fewer side effects. Aligners can generate forces even when no activation is programmed. No major decreases in force levels over time were observed; the intra-oral clinical simulated environment and length of observation time could contribute to this.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제27권2호
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• pp.284-289
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• 2014

The experiment was conducted to evaluate the ingestive behavior of lambs confined in individual and group stalls. We used thirty-four lambs in their growing phase, aged an average of three months, with mean initial live weight of $17.8{\pm}5.2$ kg. They were allotted in a completely randomized design with 24 animals kept in individual stalls and 10 animals confined as a group. The experiment lasted for a total of 74 days, and the first 14 days were dedicated to the animals' adaption to the management, facilities and diets. The data collection period lasted 60 days, divided into three 20-d periods for the behavior evaluation. The animals were subjected to five days of visual observation during the experiment period, by the quantification of 24 h a day, with evaluations on the 15th day of each period and an interim evaluation consisting of two consecutive days on the 30th and 31st day of the experiment. The animals confined as a group consumed less (p<0.05) fiber. However, the animals confined individually spent less (p<0.05) time on feeding, rumination and chewing activities and longer in idleness. Therefore, the lower capacity of lambs confined in groups to select their food negatively affects their feeding behavior.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제64권2호
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• pp.67-73
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• 2020

In vitro 조건 하에서 두 종류의 실리콘 하이드로 겔 렌즈인 1-day lenses(Acuvue Oasys)와 3-days lenses(Davich Trevues)의 시간 경과에 따른 지방 침착물 양과 광학적 특성 변화를 비교하였다. 인공 누액은 실제의 눈물의 조성비를 기준으로 준비하였으며, 일회용 렌즈(1-day lenses: senofilcon A)와 3일착용 렌즈(3-days lenses: silicone tripolymer)를 준비된 인공 누액에 담구어 배양기에서 37 ℃, 150 rpm의 속도로 흔들어 주면서 8 h, 16 h, 24 h 동안 침지 시켰다. 추출한 지방 침착물은 HPLC를 이용하여 지방성분을 분리하고 정량 하였다. 추가적으로 시간 경과에 따른 산소 투과율, 광 투과율, 표면 변화를 관찰하였다. 침착 된 지방의 총량은 1-day lenses가 1일차 127.55 ㎍/lens, 2일차 302.96 ㎍/lens, 3일차 353.30 ㎍/lens이었다. 3-days lenses는 1일차 46.22 ㎍/lens, 2일차 66.07 ㎍/lens, 3일차 67.45 ㎍/lens이었다. 지방 침착량은 1-3일 모두에서 3-days lenses가 적었다. 산소 투과도(Dk/t)는 최초 1-day lenses가 81×10^-9(cm/sec)(mlO₂/ml × mmHg), 3-days lenses가 13.23×10^-9(cm/sec)(mlO₂/ml×mmHg)로 3-days lenses가 현저하게 낮았으며, 3일차 1-day lenses는 48×10^-9(cm/sec)(mlO₂/ml × mmHg), 3-days lenses가 9.6 ×10^-9(cm/sec)(mlO₂/ml×mmHg)이었다. 가시광선 투과율은 최초 1-day lenses가 97.21%, 3-days lenses가 97.65%였으며, 3일차 1-day lenses가 94.25%, 3-days lenses가 95.15%로 나타났다. 시간 경과 별 표면 변화를 확대 관찰 시 3-days lenses의 표면에 보다 많은 침착물이 관찰되었다. 이로써 1-day lenses와 비교하여 3-days lenses의 3일 착용 시 지방 침착량은 적었으나, 표면 침착물은 3-day lenses에서 보다 많이 관찰되었으며, 이는 지방 침착물 외 다른 침착물이 더 많았을 것으로 판단된다.

• 대한본초학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.1-10
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• 2012

Objective : To investigate effects of herbal preparations formulated(Gihyeolgwanjeolbang-A, CWS-A) on complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA)-induced arthritis in rats. Method : Arthritis was induced by injecting CFA subcutaneously into the left knee joint and paw, and the herbal preparations formulated(CWS-A I, 82.3 mg/kg ; CWS-A II, 164.6 mg/kg) was administered orally (i.g.) for 10 consecutive days beginning on day 10 after the injection. External shape, paw edema, inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1beta), and histological observation were assessed. Result : In swelling of the paw, CWS-A I and CWS-A II group in 15 days and 20 days were significantly reduced compared to controls. In serum ALT, CWS-A I and CWS-A II group were significantly reduced compared to controls. In TNF-${\alpha}$, CWS-A I and CWS-A II group were a tendency reduced compared to controls. In HGB, HCT, MCHC of erythrocytes, CWS-A II group was increased compared to controls. In histological observations, CWS-A II group was observed synoviocytes more than control group and was observed proteoglycans in the deep layers. Conclusion : The data suggest that CWS-A significant anti-arthritic effects that may be mediated by suppressing inflammatory parameters.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.71-81
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• 1993

Clinical observation was done on 372 Cheon-Jeung patients more than 65 years of age in Department of Internal Medicine, Oriental Medical Hospital in Dong Guk Univ. from December 1990 to November 1991. The results were as follows; 1. The ratio of male to female was 1.2:1. The age distribution showed the large number in the 65-69 year group, the female more than the male in 8th decade. 2. The peak age in the on set was 7th decade(44.4%). 3. The ratio of the season distribution was as follows, everytime 62.6%, fall and winter 25.5%. 4. Duration from on set, the most frequence was $5{\sim}10$ years(29.6%). 5. Chief complaints were represented cough, laryngeal stridorand, dyspnea. 6. In past illness, Pulmonary. The was most predominent(29.7%) followed by allergic disease(8.1%), bronchitis(7.2%) in turn. 7. In complication, Pul. Tbc was most predominent(21.1%) followed by ronchiectasis (12.7), cardiac disease(11.3%). 8. Predisposing factors in the Geriatric athma were represented chiefly exercising(41.8%), the others is Pung-Han-Neng(27.6%), respiratory infection(12.7%) etc. 9. The recipe which used in treatment were Gamigeumsuyukgun-jeon, Gamimahwangyunpai-tang, Gamiyunpai-tang, Sojaganggi-tang, Cheongsangboha-tang etc. 10. Duration of treatment was noted within 10 days was 39.2%, $11{\sim}30$ days was 40.6%, over 60 days was 7.3%. 11. About 77.3% patients were improved.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.265-272
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• 1982

The traumatic hepatitis and splenitis were experimentally induced in Korean native goats. General examinations, hematological and blood biochemical findings were investigated up to 10 days after induction of traumatic hepatitis and splenitis. Body weight of goats with traumatic hepatitis and splenitis showed no change or only a slight decrease. Changes in body temperature and respiratory rate were not noted in both experimental groups. Heart rate hart not been changed in traumatic splenitis group but were a little increased in traumatic hepatitis group. Erythrocytic series such as erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin concentration and packed cell volume showed same variation within normal range during the period of observation. Total leucocyte counts showed the considerable increase in both experimental groups. The increase of the percentage of neutrophil and the decrease of the percentage of lymphocyte were more remarkable in traumatic hepatitis group than that of traumatic splenitis group. Serum aspartate transferase activity was increased in both experimental groups after surgery, while serum alkaline phosphatase activity has been decreased conciderably up to 7 days after surgery. Serum lactic dehydrogenase activity has been increased up to 3 days after operation and thereafter the activity has returned to normal level in traumatic hepatitis group and the activity increased only the first day after surgery in traumatic splenitis group. There were no changes in total protein and albumin contents in both experimental groups during the period of observation. Serum total cholesterol contents showed a slight increase in both experimental groups and the range of increase in traumatic hepatitis group was more wide. Serum bilirubin contents were net changed in traumatic hepatitis group, but showed a slight increase in traumatic splenitis group.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.265-276
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• 2014

The application of software engineering is not common in the development of astronomical observation system. While there were component-wise developments in the past, large-scale comprehensive system developments are more common in these days. In this study, current methodologies of development are reviewed to select a proper one for the development of astronomical observation system and the result of the application is presented. As the subject of this study, a project of operation software development for an astronomical observation system which runs on the ground is selected. And the output management technique based on Component Based Development which is one of the relatively recent methodologies has been applied. Since the nature of the system requires lots of arithmetic algorithms and it has great impact on the overall performance of the entire system, a prototype model is developed to verify major functions and performance. Consequently, it was possible to verify the compliance with the product requirements through the requirement tracing table and also it was possible to keep to the schedule. Besides, it was suggested that a few improvements could be possible based on the experience of the application of conventional output management technique. This study is the first application of the software development methodology in the domestic astronomical observation system area. The process and results of this study would contribute to the investigation for a more appropriate methodology in the area of similar system development.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.271-280
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• 2013

PURPOSE: This study was conducted in chronic hemiplegic patients to examine the effect of the training of the ipsilateral arm that is identical to the model performing movements and the training of the contralateral arm on the function of the arm. METHODS: The subjects were participated total 2 patients(the subject 1 with left hemiplegia and the subject 2 with right hemiplegia). The study was conducted for 4 weeks. The action observation training were repeated 10 times in 10 days during intervention period. The evaluation of the arm function such as BBT, MFT and MAL in the each subject were examined 5 times in the baseline period, 10 times during the intervention period and 5 times during the baseline regression period. RESULTS: The results of the evaluation in each subject were presented as mean values and video graphs. The arm function of the 2 subjects were improved during the intervention period in comparison with the baseline period, and the improvement was maintained even during the regression baseline period. In addition, there were large variation ratio of BBT and MAL (AOU, QOM) in comparison with subject 1. CONCLUSION: According to the results, the action observation training was more effective in improving upper limb function of stroke patients who imitate the performed behavior of paralyed parts on the same side.