• 한국정밀공학회지
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• 제16권7호
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• pp.119-124
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• 1999

A method to find the line of sight ray in space which corresponds to a point in an image plane is presented. The line of sight ray is defined by two points which are the intersections between the two calibration planes and the sight ray. The intersection point is found by the oblique coordinate mapping between the image plane and the calibration plane in the space. The proposed oblique coordinate mapping method has advantages over the transformation matrix method in the required memory space and computation time.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.197-205
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• 2010

An automatic echelon feeder of brown rice was presented for quality inspection system using color image processing. A echelon feeder was developed with vibratory feeder and cylindrical indent singulator having oblique light. The vibratory feeder consisted of a hopper, electromagnetic vibrator and multichannel grooves and supply the grain sample to the singulator. The feeding performance such as feed rate, blocking frequency of the channel was dependent on the size of groove and vibration pattern. A cylindrical indent singulator consisted of a rotating cylinder, prisms and a tungsten-halogen light source. It delivered grain kernels under the camera in a echelon form and illuminate the kernels with oblique ray and ambient light. The size of the indents installed on the surface of the rotating cylinder was determined by the dimensions of the paddy and a small triangular prism was placed in each indent to apply $ 20^{\circ}$ oblique light to the grain kernel.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• 제29권11호
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• pp.1461-1468
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• 2000

Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate clinical outcome of anterior screw fixation for type II odontoid fractures for the prliematim of atlanatoaxial mobility. Methods : Between 1995 and 1999, we treated 15 cases of type II odontoid fractures by anterior screw fixation among 44 cases of odontoid fractures. Thece included 14 males and 1 female aged from 23 to 63 years, with a mean age of 39.7 years. The causes of trauma were traffic accident in 13 cases, slip down in 1 and fall down in 1. The fracture type was type II-P in 7 cases, type II-A in 3, type II-N in 2 and type II-A and P in 3. The fracture line was oblique downward and backward in 6 cases, oblique downward and forward in 3 and horizontally in 6. The range of follow up was 4 to 47 months(mean 26.5 months). Results : Adequate reduction and fixation were obtained in 12 cases. Three cases in which fracture type and line were type II-A and oblique downward forward were failed, so posterior transarticular screw fixation was performed. All except 3 failed cases had adequate cervical movement and stability. There were no operative mortality nor morbidity. Conclusion : Anterior screw fixation provides the best anatomical and functional results for type II odontoid fracture with intact transverse ligament when fracture line is horizontal or oblique downward and backward. But it is limited when fracture line is oblique downward and forward.

• 한국디지털건축인테리어학회논문집
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.39-49
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• 2003

The height provisions, by the urban planning, describe the hightest height per width division, also define oblique line limitation by road without mentioning the highest per width division. Therefore this study will be a basic model for the standard of measuring the highest height per width division analysizing the propriety of current standard of oblique limitation. This technique is prepared to prevent the confusion and to complements the existing planning method. Therefore, it takes more time to establish this new method and to apply it to the existing condition. This study reviewed density control in District Units Plan, based on the guidelines of density, which included height, ratio of total floor to ground area, and land distribution. This study aims to provide efficient analysis by using current oblique limitation provisions Thus, proving the area rations of general residential areas are decreasing. Since the purpose of the District Units Plan is to avoid confusion and help ease the existing problematic conditions which have risen from the two above-mentioned conventional systems, further observation and research on these areas are necessary.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권6호
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• pp.706-709
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• 2005

The absence of the nipple-areolar complex(NAC) in men are seldom stated, as a result of trauma, burn, mastectomy, or after the correction of extreme bilateral gynecomastia. A total of 50 healthy men aged 21 to 27 years were examined. We recorded the configuration (dimensions and shape) and the location of the NAC with respect to fixed skeletal anatomic landmarks. Of the 50 subjects examined, 44 had oval and 6 had a round NAC. The mean diameter for a round NAC was 24.3 mm. The center of the NAC was in the fourth intercostal space in 41 volunteers and in the fifth intercostal space in 9 of the subjects. To localize the NAC on the chest wall, at least three reproducible measurements proved to be necessary, composed of a horizontal line(distance from the midsternal line to the nipple, A), a medial oblique line(distance from the sternal notch to the nipple, B) and a lateral oblique line(distance from the acromioclavicular joint to the nipple, C). Using these three parameters, we recommend that the appropriate location can be calculated derived from the circumference of the chest.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.257-268
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of implant prosthesis according to position and direction of load, under vertical and inclined loading using FEA analysis. The finite element model was designed according to standard fixture (4.1mm restorative component x 11.5mm length). The crown for mandibular first molar was made using UCLA abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction (loading condition A), 200N at the outside point of the central fossa with resin filling into screw hole in a vertical direction (loading condition B), 200N at the centric usp in a $15^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition C), 200N at the in a $30^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition D) or 200N at the centric cusp in a $30^{\circ}$ outward oblique direction (loading condition E) individually. Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, and abutment screw. The following results have been made based on this study: 1. Stresses were concentrated mainly at the ridge crest around implant in both vertical and oblique loading but stresses in the cancellous bone were low in both vertical and oblique loading. 2. Bending moments resulting from non-axial loading of dental implants caused stress concentrations on cortical bone. The magnitude of the stress was greater with the oblique loading than with the vertical loading. 3. An offset of the vertical occlusal force in the buccolingual direction relative to the implant axis gave rise to increased bending of the implant. 4. The relative positions of the resultant line of force from occlusal contact and the center of rotation seems to be more important. 5. The magnitude of the stress in the supporting bone, fixture and abutment screw was greater with the outward oblique loading than with the inward oblique loading and was the greatest under loading at the centric cusp in a $30^{\circ}$ outward oblique direction. Conclusively, this study provides evidence that bending moments resulting from non-axial loading of dental implants caused stress concentrations on cortical bone. But it seems to be more important that how long is the distance from center of rotation of the implant itself to the resultant line of force from occlusal contact(leverage). The goal of improving implants should be to avoid bending of the implant.

• 한국의류학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.767-775
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• 1999

The purpose of this study is to investigate the visual sensibilities of brassiere design. Brassieres were divided into three types according to connection of a cup and a strp. In each type Lace was used where the part of the cup divided by Lines which were constructed such as a mold a horizontal a vertical a mixed and an oblique design. As a result 39 brassieres were obtained. The experiment has been done for seven groups which were divided by the type line and lace with 5 semantic differential bi-polar scales and 10 specialists. The data was analyzed using the statistical SPSS package. The major findings of this research were as follows. An oblique design line in the brassiere were effective in making the breast look bigger more buxom and more voluminous. To make the breast look small and unvoluminous the use of a mold in the 1/2 cup brassiere was effective. Also a mold using lace ion the 1/2 cup brassiere had an effect in making the breast look flatter and broader.

• 구강회복응용과학지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.1-14
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• 2005

The purpose of this study was to assess the loading distributing characteristics of implant prosthesis of internal connection system(ITI system) according to position and direction of load, under vertical and inclined loading using finite element analysis (FEA). The finite element model of a synOcta implant and a solid abutment with $8^{\circ}$ internal conical joint used by the ITI implant was constructed. The gold crown for mandibular first molar was made on solid abutment. Each three-dimensional finite element model was created with the physical properties of the implant and surrounding bone. This study simulated loads of 200N at the central fossa in a vertical direction (loading condition A), 200N at the outside point of the central fossa with resin filling into screw hole in a vertical direction (loading condition B), 200N at the centric cusp in a $15^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition C), 200N at the in a $30^{\circ}$ inward oblique direction (loading condition D) or 200N at the centric cusp in a $30^{\circ}$ outward oblique direction (loading condition E) individually. Von Mises stresses were recorded and compared in the supporting bone, fixture, and abutment. The following results have been made based on this study: 1. Stresses were concentrated mainly at the ridge crest around implant under both vertical and oblique loading but stresses in the cancellous bone were low under both vertical and oblique loading. 2. Bending moments resulting from non-axial loading of dental implants caused stress concentrations on cortical bone. The magnitude of the stress was greater with the oblique loading than with the vertical loading. 3. An offset of the vertical occlusal force in the buccolingual direction relative to the implant axis gave rise to increased bending of the implant. So, the relative positions of the resultant line of force from occlusal contact and the center of rotation seems to be more important. 4. In this internal conical joint, vertical and oblique loads were resisted mainly by the implant-abutment joint at the screw level and by the implant collar. Conclusively, It seems to be more important that how long the distance is from center of rotation of the implant itself to the resultant line of force from occlusal contact (leverage). In a morse taper implant, vertical and oblique loads are resisted mainly by the implant-abutment joint at the screw level and by the implant collar. This type of implant-abutment connection can also distribute forces deeper within the implant and shield the retention screw from excessive loading. Lateral forces are transmitted directly to the walls of the implant and the implant abutment mating bevels, providing greater resistance to interface opening.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제19권5호
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• pp.883-891
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• 1994

본 논문에서는 화소에서의 방향성을 이용하여 필기체 한글 인식에 유용한 세선화 알고리듬을 제안하였다. 세선화하기 전에 방향성 검출을 시행한다. 검출된 방향성에 의해서 직선과 사선으로 분류한다. 직선성분에는 Rutovitz crossing number를 이용한 알고리듬을 적용한다. 사선성분에는 Hilditch crossing number를 이용한 알고리듬을 적용한다. 제안한 알고리듬을 이미 제안된 다른 6가지의 세선화 알고리듬을 적용한 세선화 영상들과 성능을 비교하였다. 비교 항목으로는 기준 골격선과의 유사도, 잔가지 수, 그리고 자소 분리율 등이 사용되었다. 실험은 570개 문자에 대해서 수행하였다. 실험 결과 제안한 알고리듬은 유사도와 필기체 한글 인식에 많이 사용되는 자소 분리율에서 6개 비교 대상 중에서 가장 우수한 결과를 보였다.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.11-21
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• 2011

목적: 금속전극은 MRI 안에서 자기장의 왜곡을 일으켜 영상에 인공물이 나타난다. 본 논문에서는 전극이 B0와 수직으로 놓였을때 자기장 패턴의 특성을 이용하여 oblique-view angle imaging 방식을 통해 전극의 정확한 위치를 결정하는 방법을 제시하고자 한다. 대상 및 방법: 다양한 직경과 자화율을 가진 금속 전극모델의 시뮬레이션을 통하여 전극으로 인해 왜곡되는 field map의 양상을 파악하고 해상도에 따른 turbo spin-echo (TSE) 영상의 왜곡패턴을 분석하여 일반적인 영상기 법($90^{\circ}$ view)과 $45^{\circ}$ oblique-view에서의 위치 추정 기준을 마련하였으며 3.0T 임상용 장비에서 실제 전극의 TSE영상을 획득하여 시뮬레이션과 대조 검증하였다. 상대적으로 자기장의 왜곡에 민감한 gradient-refocused echo (GRE)시퀀스에서는 위상 영상을 이용해 위치를 추정하였다. 결과: 금속전극이 B0와 수직일 때 전극을 통과하는 $45^{\circ}$ 선상에서는 자기장 패턴의 변화가 매우 적었다. TSE 시퀀스의 경우 $45^{\circ}$ oblique-view 영상에서는 자화율의 크기에 관계없이 위치 추정기준이 잘 들어 맞았으며 자기장 왜곡에 의한 픽셀이 동양상이 양방향 대칭적으로 일어나므로 해상도가 낮은 경우에도 정확한 위치 추정이 가능하였다. 또한 GRE 시퀀스를 사용하였을때 $45^{\circ}$ oblique-view에서는 위상의 극성이 변화하는 선이 직교좌표계와 일치하기 때문에 일반적 방법보다 위치추정이 용이하였다. 결론: 시뮬레이션과 실제영상을 이용하여 일반적인 $90^{\circ}$ view에서보다 $45^{\circ}$ oblique-view에서 금속전극의 위치추정이 용이함을 확인하였다. 이는 전기 생리학적인 뇌연구 및 뇌수술 등을 MRI로 모니터링 하는데 적용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.