• Animal Bioscience
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• 제36권8호
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• pp.1199-1208
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• 2023

Objective: The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of metabolite levels in serum and milk obtained from cows fed on different concentrate to forage feed ratios. Methods: Eight lactating Holstein cows were divided into two groups: a high forage ratio diet (HF; 80% Italian ryegrass and 20% concentrate of daily intake of dry matter) group and a high concentrate diet (HC; 20% Italian ryegrass and 80% concentrate) group. Blood was collected from the jugular vein, and milk was sampled using a milking machine. Metabolite levels in serum and milk were estimated using proton nuclear magnetic resonance and subjected to qualitative and quantitative analyses performed using Chenomx 8.4. For statistical analysis, Student's t-test and multivariate analysis were performed using Metaboanalyst 4.0. Results: In the principal component analysis, a clear distinction between the two groups regarding milk metabolites while serum metabolites were shown in similar. In serum, 95 metabolites were identified, and 13 metabolites (include leucine, lactulose, glucose, betaine, etc.) showed significant differences between the two groups. In milk, 122 metabolites were identified, and 20 metabolites (include urea, carnitine, acetate, butyrate, arabinitol, etc.) showed significant differences. Conclusion: Our results show that different concentrate to forage feed ratios impact the metabolite levels in the serum and milk of lactating Holstein cows. A higher number of metabolites in milk, including those associated with milk fat synthesis and the presence of Escherichia coli in the rumen, differed between the two groups compared to that in the serum. The results of this study provide a useful insight into the metabolites associated with different concentrate to forge feed ratios in cows and may aid in the search for potential biomarkers for subacute ruminal acidosis.

• 한국방재안전학회논문집
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.33-47
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• 2023

｢소규모 공공시설 안전관리 등에 관한 법률(2015 제정)｣에 따라 각 지자체에서는 소규모 공공시설을 선정하고, 매년 안전점검을 실시하고 있다. 소규모 공공시설 중 소교량은 세천과 더불어 재해위험성이 높고 마을주민의 공공이용성이 높은 시설이나, 그 개소수가 매우 많아 지자체의 한정된 인원으로 관리하기 어려운 시설에 해당한다. 따라서 지자체의 관리능력을 고려하여 합리적인 선정방법이 필요하며, 객관적 위험도 평가를 통한 위험시설의 선정 및 정비계획의 수립이 요구된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 지자체의 관리능력을 고려하여 소교량의 구조적, 기능적 분류를 통한 선정방법을 제시하고, 위험도 평가 10개 항목의 정량적 평가지표를 제시함으로써 객관적인 위험도 평가가 이루어질 수 있는 방안을 제시하였다.

• 한국조경학회지
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• 제37권3호
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• pp.69-81
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• 2009

본 연구의 목적은 전라북도 고창군의 선동권역을 대상으로 가법형 통합 지수를 사용하여 농촌지역의 객관적 경관을 평가하는 것이다. 연구는 다음의 세 단계로 구성된다. 1) 농촌경관의 개념 및 평가방법을 살펴보고, 경관 평가지표와 가중치를 바탕으로 객관적 경관 평가를 위한 가법형 통합지수 산정모형을 개발하였다. 2) 경관 평가지표 즉, 녹지자연도, 면적률, 건폐율에 대한 주제도 구축을 위해 고해상도 인공위성 영상을 이용한 식생지수 및 투수면적률을 산정하여 GIS DB를 구축하였다. 3) 평가데이터 및 각 지표에 의한 가중치를 통해 작성된 가법형 통합지수 산정모형을 사용하여 공간유형별, 경관영역별, 객관적 경관 평가를 실시하였다. 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 공간유형별 양호한 경관으로 판단되는 2등급 이상의 비율은 경작지, 수공간, 산림, 시가화 지역, 주거지, 건물 순으로 나타났으며, 개발지가 포함된 시가화 지역, 주거지, 건물 등에서 객관적 경관은 열악하게 평가되었다. 2) 경관영역별 2등급 이상의 비율은 혼합경관, 자연경관, 인공경관 순으로 나타났으며, 개발지로 이루어진 인공경관의 객관적 경관은 열악한 상태를 보였다. 3) 객관적 통합 농촌 경관 지수의 범위는 4등급이 가장 높게 나타났고, 1등급, 2등급, 3등급, 5등급 순으로 나타났으며, 객관적 경관이 보통 이하인 3등급 이하가 약 56.5%로 통합 농촌경관은 열악하게 평가되었다.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• 제50권1호
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• pp.7-13
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• 2007

Hearing loss in newborns is the most frequently occurring birth defect. If hearing impaired children are not identified and managed early, it is difficult for many of them to acquire the fundamental language, social and cognitive skills that provide the foundation for later schooling and success in society. All newborns, both high and low risk, should be screened for hearing loss in the birth hospital prior discharge (Universal Newborn Heaing Screening, UNHS). Objective physiologic measures must be used to detect newborns and very young infants with hearing loss. Recent technological developments have produced screening methods and both evoked otoacoustic emission (EOAE) and auditory brainstem response (ABR) have been successfully implemented for UNHS. Audiologic evaluation should be carried out before 3 months of age and infants with confirmed hearing loss should receive intervention before 6 months of age. All infants who pass newborn hearing screening but who have risk indicators for other auditory disorders and/or speech and language delay receive ongoing audiologic surveillance and monitoring for communication development. Infants with sensorineural hearing loss are managed with hearing aids and receive auditory and speech-language rehabilitation therapies. Cochlear implants can be an outstanding option for certain children aged 12 months and older with severe to profound hearing loss who show limited benefit from conventional amplifications.

• Journal of Contemporary Eastern Asia
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.19-37
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• 2014

In an attempt to develop comprehensive evidence-based methods for evaluation of the R&D performance of cross-disciplinary projects, a joint bibliometric analysis of patents and publications was performed for two industry-university-government collaborative projects aimed at commercialization: Hokkaido University Research & Business Park Project (2003-2007; 63 inventors; 176 patents; 853 papers), and Matching Program for Innovations in Future Drug Discovery and Medical Care - phase I (2006-2010; 46 inventors; 235 patents; 733 papers). Besides the simple output indicators (for five years period), and citations (from the publication date to the end of 2012), science maps based on the network analysis of words and co-authorship relations were generated to identify the prominent research themes and teams. Our joint analysis of publications and patents yields objective and mutually complementing information, which provides better insights on research and commercialization performance of the large-scale projects. Hence, such analysis has potential for use in the industry-university project's performance evaluation.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.428-435
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• 2016

The objective of this study was to clarify the most effective component of grazing for improving welfare of fattening pigs. This study compared welfare indicators of 20 fattening pigs aged 100 to 124 days (the prior period) and 138 to 164 days (the latter period) in an indoor housing system (IS), an outdoor pasturing system (OP), a concrete floor paddock system (CF), a concrete floor paddock system with fresh grass (FG), or a soil floor paddock system (SF). The last three treatments include important components of a grazing system: extra space, grass feed, and soil floor. Behavior, wounds on the body, and performances, measured as average daily gain (ADG) and feed conversion ratio, were observed. CF pigs behaved similarly to IS pigs. FG pigs showed higher levels of foraging, chewing and activity. SF pigs engaged in higher levels of foraging, exploring, activity, and rooting, and showed a similar amount of playing behavior as OP pigs. ADG was the same in all treatments at the prior period, and increased in the order FG, IS, CF, SF, and OP at the latter. The behaviors and performance of SF pigs resembled those of OP which seemed to indicate a consistently higher standard of welfare than the other treatments. In conclusion, the existence of a soil floor is the most important component of a pasture for improving the welfare of pigs.

• 한국보육지원학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.39-58
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore the mediating effects of parenting efficacy on the relationship between parenting alliance and parenting stress, and to investigate whether the relationships between these indicators were the same for mothers and fathers. Methods: A sample of 228 parents (114 mothers and 114 fathers) of 6 month old infants in Gyeonggi Province completed measures of Perceived Parenting Competence, Parenting Alliance Inventory, and Parenting Stress Inventory-Short Form. Results: The results indicated that parenting alliance produced its effect directly and indirectly through parenting efficacy on parenting stress. Using multiple group SEM analyses, it revealed that fathers parenting efficacy was mediated by parenting alliance and that the strength of the pathways was stronger for fathers than for mothers. Conclusion/Implications: These findings suggest that parenting alliance can improve father's parenting efficacy. The differential predictors of mother and father efficacy as well as their implications for future research are discussed.

• 환경정책연구
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• 제2권2호
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• pp.17-40
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• 2003

The objective of this paper is to formulate strategies and action programs for developing sustainable agriculture in Korea. There is increasing evidence that agriculture has been preoccupied with increasing productivity much to the detriment of environmental degradation. The issue of increasing agricultural productivity so as not to undermine the environment is a difficult task. In reality, there are many definitions of sustainable agriculture and sustainable agricultural development. In this paper, sustainable agriculture is defined by its ability to ensure future supplies of agricultural products at acceptable economic and environmental costs to the society. Sustainable agriculture development refers to the optimal level of interaction among the three dimensions - the environmental, the economic and the social - through dynamic and adaptive processes of trade-off. In order to formulate the strategies for developing sustainable agriculture, three stage approaches such as strategic analysis, strategic choice, and strategic implementation are employed. The basic framework for strategies of sustainable agriculture development consists of five steps such as vision, targets, principles, action plan and policy instruments. The major action plans for activating formulated strategies are suggested as integrating agricultural and environmental policy measures, establishing the system of optimal agri-environmental resources management practices, establishing safe and high quality product system and its effective marketing system, increasing the R&D investment for developing sustainable agro-technology, developing indicators for measuring sustainable agricultural development, and taking a share in related roles for all parties including farmers, consumers, policy makers, researchers and NGOs.

• 대한한방내과학회지
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.431-439
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• 2005

Objective: The aim was to identify the inhibitory effects of Flos Bombacis Malabarici(FBM) on Monosodium Urate (MSU)-induced gout in rats. Materials and Methods: After pretreatment of FBM I (50mg/kg), FBM II (125mg/kg) for seven days followed by injection of MSU solution, the various indicators related to gout were measured, such as hematological and serum levels and including joint inflammation. Also, it was investigated whether FBM directly inhibits the activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. Results: As a result of this study, FBM didn't show the cytotoxicity in Jurkat cells, but it showed significant inhibition of activity of xanthine oxidase in vitro. FBM slightly inhibited joint inflammation induced by MSU though not with statistical significance. FBM partially decreased MSU-induced AST, ALT, BUN, creatinine, WBC, ESR elevation and significantly decreased MSU-induced uric acid in serum. Conclusion: These results suggest that FBM has therapeutic effects that are applicable to prevention and treatment of gout. and should be further investigated.

• 한국의료질향상학회지
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.118-124
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• 1995

Background: Clinical indicators are objective measures of process or outcome of patient care in quantitative terms. This study aims to review the medical records of patients who 'return to operating room during the same admission', which is one of the critical clinical outcomes, and describe the result by unplanned reoperation rate. Methods: Computerized patient registry was used for selecting subject conditions. For medical records retrieved, two nurse evaluators identified the presence of explicit reoperation planning in medical records. Results: Overall reoperation rate was 2.8% and unplanned reoperation rate 1.3%. The main category of reoperation cause was the postoperative bleeding. Duration of stay from previous operation to reoperation of the unplanned group, 12.7 days, was shorter than that of the planned(p< .05). The differences did not reach statistical significance in age, sex and length of stay. Conclusion: Results suggested that unplanned reoperation rate was lower than 'threshold' level other institutions had established. However, this result could become comparable only after management of medical records would be improved and risk adjusted.