• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.218-222
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• 2013

Objective : To clarify the anatomical correlations of the sphenoid sinus with surrounding structures in the normal Korean population, and to identify surgical landmarks for safe sellar floor dissection in the anterior skull base by endoscopy and microscopy. Methods : We reviewed the 196 brain magnetic resonance imaging findings showing a normal appearance, and measured the distances between anatomical landmarks. Results : The mean distances from the base of the columella to the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus and the sellar floor were $69.71{\pm}4.25$ mm and $86.26{\pm}4.57$ mm, respectively in the over 15 age group, and showed the smallest degree of variation among the measurements. The mean angles between the floor of the nasal cavity and the straight line connecting the base of the columella and the sellar floor were $29.45{\pm}3.25^{\circ}$ and $24.75{\pm}4.00^{\circ}$ in the over 15 and under 15 age groups, respectively. The mean values of both distances and angles increased with age until 15 years after which no further increases were evident. There were no significant differences in the measurements between males and females or among subjects with different degrees of pneumatization in the over 15 age group. Conclusion : The distances from the base of the columella to the sellar floor and the anterior wall of the sphenoid sinus, which were consistent among individuals, could be used as a surgical indicator to investigate the sellar floor in endoscopic or microscopic transsphenoidal approaches.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.390-399
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• 2012

The objective of this study was to develop and evaluate the construct validity of a Nutrition Quotient (NQ) for children. In a previous report (Kang, et al., 2012), the food behavior checklist for children's NQ, consisting of 19 items, was grouped into a 5-factor structure according to the exploratory factor analysis: balance, diversity, moderation, regularity, and practice. In this study, the construct validity of the NQ was assessed using a confirmatory factor analysis. Elementary school students (n = 1,393) from six large cities completed the NQ test. Indicator tests suggested an adequate model fit (goodness of fit index = 0.9613; adjusted GFI = 0.95; standardized root mean square residual = 0.0464; chi-square test statistics of < 0.001 p-value, 82.1), and item loadings were significant for all subscales (p < 0.05). The standardized path coefficients were used as the weights of the items. The NQ and the 5 factor scores of the student were calculated by the obtained weights of the questionnaire items. Logistic regression was applied to find the significant factors in order to affect a specific nutrient status. The receiver operation characteristic curve analyses were performed in order to find diagnostic cut-off points of the five factors. The food behavior checklist for children's NQ would be a handy and suitable instrument for evaluating dietary behaviors of Korean children.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.11-18
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• 2017

An university dorm has significant implications in terms of providing residential, living, and learning spaces. With its supportive function, a dorm enables each university to provide higher level of education. The operation & maintenance(O&M) condition of the dorm has a decisive effect on the students' satisfaction. Accordingly, high levels of O&M services should be performed for students. However, Korean dorms are being operated and maintained by their own O&M guidelines without the consideration of spatial characteristics of dorm facilities and the comprehensive and systematic understanding on effective O&M processes. Given the fact that dorm facility can be a crucial factor in determining the entire quality of university and its O&M condition is closely related to the satisfaction of students, it is imperative that we need to pay more attention to the O&M condition and services. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to improve dorm students' satisfaction levels by applying different O&M method, preventive maintenance rather than reactive maintenance which has been performed so far. In ordering for doing it, 'Facility Management(FM) Standard' from KS, 'Facility Performance Indicator(FPI)' from APPA: Leadership in educational facilities and 'Building O&M Inspection Manual' from Korean Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport were analyzed to come up with 15 significant O&M factors. After extracting O&M factors, the survey was conducted to determine importance rate and performance rate of each O&M factor. Using the Important-Performance Analysis(IPA), the priority of 15 O&M factors was established. The result of this research will be helpful for the efficient dorm facility O&M services and for facility managers to appropriately allocate the limited resources and human power.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.39 no.3
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• pp.405-425
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• 2018

Objective: The purpose of this study was to analyze the correlation between Stomach Qi Deficiency and gastric emptying as measured by abdominal ultrasonography in postprandial distress syndrome (PDS), a subgroup of functional dyspepsia (FD). Methods: Ten patients who met the Rome III diagnostic criteria for PDS and ten healthy controls participated in this study Gastric emptying shown as the half-life of gastric volume ($T_{1/2}$) was measured by abdominal ultrasonography. The degree of Stomach Qi Deficiency was assessed using the scale for Stomach Qi Deficiency pattern (SSQD). In addition, functional dyspepsia-related quality of life (FD-QoL), Nepean dyspepsia index-Korean version (NDI-K), and visual analogue scale (VAS) of distention and fullness were conducted on all subjects. Results: The scores of SSQD, FD-QoL, NDI-K, and VAS of distention and fullness in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group (p<0.05). $T_{1/2}$ was also higher in the patient group than in the control group. The SSQD score significantly correlated positively with $T_{1/2}$ in the patient group (r=0.640, p=0.046). However, there was no significant correlation between $T_{1/2}$ and other questionnaire scores in the patient group. Conclusions: Our results suggest that the gastric emptying measured by abdominal ultrasonography could be a quantitative indicator to diagnose Stomach Qi Deficiency in FD patients, especially the PDS subtype.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.75-82
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• 2010

The objective of this study is to identify the effects of endurance exercise and selenium on mitochondrial transcription factor in old Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rats. In this experiments, endurance exercise were treadmill-run at 24 m/min, 30 min/day, 5 days/week, 6 weeks and 5 umol/kg of sodium selenite was injected intraperitoneally. In exercise group, selenium group, and combination group, the mitohondrial biogenesis-related genes, including PGC-$1{\alpha}$, NRF-1, and Tfam expression level were significantly increased compared to control group. Consistent with the increased biogenesis-related genes, the cytochrome C in the treated groups, which was the indicator of mitochondrial content, was significantly increased compared to control group. Especially, combination of exercise and selenium may be effective in the increase of mitochondrial biogenesis, activity and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, exercise and selenium treatment is likely to promote diabeticmitochondrial malfunction and then improve diabetes.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.10 no.1 s.22
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• pp.37-53
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• 2007

Objectives : The aim of this experiments is to provide an objective differentiation of ginseng, Korean and Chinese cultivated wild ginseng, and natural wild ginseng through components analysis of different parts of ginseng. Methods : Comparative analyses of ginsenoside-$Rg_3$, ginsenoside-$Rh_2$, and ginsenosides $Rb_1$ and $Rg_1$ from the root, stem, and leaves of ginseng, Korean and Chinese cultivated wild ginseng, and natural wild ginseng were conducted using HPLC. Results : 1. For content comparison of leaves, ginseng showed highest content of ginsenoside $Rg_1$ than other samples. Natural wild ginseng showed relatively high content of ginsenosides $Rg_1$ and $Rb_1$ than other samples. 2. For content comparison of the stem, ginseng and 10 years old Chinese cultivated wild ginseng didn't contain ginsenoside $Rb_1$. Natural wild ginseng showed higher content of ginsenosides $Rg_1$ and $Rb_1$ than other samples. 3. For content comparison of the root, ginsenoside $Rh_2$ was found only in 5 and 10 years old Korean cultivated wild ginseng. 4. Distribution of contents by the parts of ginseng was similar in ginseng and Chinese cultivated wild ginseng. Conclusions : Above experiment data can be an important indicator for the identification of ginseng, Korean and Chinese cultivated wild ginseng, and natural wild ginseng.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.57-62
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• 2009

Kinematic analysis of MTC (Muscle-Tendon Complex) units is a key indicator for diagnosis of patients with musculoskeletal disorders because the contracture or shortening of musculo-tendinous units is known to produce pathological gaits. Therefore, the principal objective of this study was to assess the length change in the triceps surae prior to and after wearing an AFO (Ankle-Foot Orthoses) in patients with musculoskeletal disorders during a gait. In this study, analyses were conducted using a Muscle Tendon Complex model coupled with the trajectory data from markers attached to anatomical landmarks. As a result, the maximum length change in the triceps surae during a gait was 4.87% when a barefoot walking group and a walking group with AFO were compared. In particular, the difference in length changes between both groups in Soleus MTC units was found to be statistically significant in all gait phases. Our results revealed that MTC length in the AFO walking group was clearly increased over that of the barefoot walking group. In the future, further studies will be required in order to more adequately assess musculoskeletal disorders using many cases studies with regard to agricultural working conditions because this study deals with the kinematic analysis of musculo-tendinous units in the case of clinical experiments.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.156-168
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• 2013

Drilling expedition #1 in 2007 and drilling expedition #2 in 2010 were performed for gas hydrate resources evaluation and optimal site selection of pilot test in Ulleung basin, East Sea, Korea. This study presents to build the 3D spatial distribution models using the estimated sedimentary facies, porosity, and gas hydrate saturation derived by well logs and core analysis data from UBGH1-4, UBGH1-9, UBGH1-10, UBGH1-14, UBGH2-2-1, UBGH2-2-2, UBGH2-6, UBGH2-9, UBGH2-10 and UBGH2-11. The objective of 3D spatial distribution modeling is to build a geological representation of the gas hydrate-bearing sediment that honors the heterogeneity in 3D grid scale. The facies modeling is populating sedimentary facies into a geological grid using sequential indicator simulation. The porosity and gas hydrate saturation modeling used sequential Gaussian simulation to populate properties stochastically into grid cells.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.11 no.12
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• pp.522-532
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• 2011

In Oriental medicine, the status of a tongue is the important indicator to diagnose the condition of internal organs in a body. A tongue diagnosis is not only convenient but also non-invasive, and therefore widely used in Oriental medicine. But tongue diagnosis has some problems that should be objective and standardized, it also exhaust the diagnosis tool that can help for oriental medicine doctor's decision-making. In this paper, to solve the this problem we propose a method that calculates the tongue geometry information for effective tongue diagnosis analysis. Our method is to extract the tongue region for using improved snake algorithm, and calculates the geometry information by using convex hull and In-painting. In experiment, our method has stable performance as 7.2% by tooth plate and 8.5% by crack in region difference ratio.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.94-99
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• 2017

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, 70, and 60 in chicken muscles and their possible relationship with quality traits of meat. Methods: The breast muscles from one hundred broiler chickens were analyzed for drip loss and other quality parameters, and the levels of heat shock protein (HSP) 90, 70, and 60 were determined by immunoblots. Results: Based on the data, chicken breast muscles were segregated into low (drip loss${\leq}5%$), intermediate (5%${\geq}9.5$) drip loss groups. The expression of HSP90 and HSP60 were significantly lower in the high drip loss group compared to that in the low and intermediate drip loss group (p<0.05), while HSP70 was equivalent in abundance in all groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Results of this study suggests that higher levels of HSP90 and HSP60 may be advantageous for maintenance of cell function and reduction of water loss, and they could act as potential indicator for better water holding capacity of meat.