• Survey Research
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2007

This paper explores the extent to which property scale, in particular housing price is useful as the measure of an individual's economic status. Its main object is to compare the distributions of the measure of housing wealth and other objective or subject measures, i,e., reported income and subjective class identification. Additionally, their relations to other variables are examined. An analysis of distributions and cross-tables based upon national survey of 2005 family and the database of apartment price of Kookmin Bank are used. It is shown that the measure of housing wealth differs from other economic status measures in terms of distribution and the relations to other variables, such as attitude variables and consumption-related variables. Its results also suggest that the measure of housing wealth can be applied to various areas as a new measure of an individual's objective economic status, in such a way to improve applicability of social survey.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.9 no.9
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• pp.325-334
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• 2009

The object of this study is to examine the relations between leisure activity and duty stress and separation intention in private guards. The subject of this study is set up the private guards who are working at private guard company in a capital sphere. This study applyed the way of judgement abstraction and abstracted the total of 360 persons. However, the number used in the final analysis is 333 persons. The last conclusion in this study is as follows. Firstly, the relation between duty stress and separation intention has a matual effect meaningfully. Secondly, the physical stress hasn't an effect on the term of leisure activity, and separation intention. affects meaningfully the physical stress. Thirdly, the relation beween leisure activity and separation intention exerts a meaningful influence mutually in all sphere. Duty stress is a important parameter between leisure activity and separation intention.

• Journal of the International Relations & Interdisciplinary Education
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.29-41
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• 2022

In recent years, visual design has become an emerging industry that creates production value in various countries, and visual design teachers have become a key factor affecting the development of designers and even the trend of the design industry. Therefore, the requirements for the ability of visual design teachers have become particularly important. This study takes the visual communication teachers in colleges and universities as the research object. Focus on the composition of competencies that teachers have when performing their duties. First of all, through document sorting, it is based on the five aspects of knowledge ability, teaching ability, practical ability, management ability and professional ethics. A Likert scale questionnaire was developed on the evaluation of visual design teachers' competencies by interviewing 10 visual design industry experts and conducting two Delphi method interviews. This research refers to the relevant literatures such as curriculum research and teaching objective research of design major, and discusses the evaluation standards of visual design teachers' abilities in colleges and universities. Expert interviews have sorted out 12 criteria and 36 sub-criteria about visual design teachers' abilities, and verified their rationality through expert return visits. The establishment of this evaluation standard provides a certain theoretical basis for visual design teachers' ability evaluation and self-cognition.

• Korean Journal of Cognitive Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.31-47
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• 2004

This study was carried out to examine the development of physical knowledge in children. Eighty children aged 3- to 11-year-old and 16 adults were participated in this study. Participants' knowledge about failing, sliding and sinking/floating objects was investigated to understand what kind of knowledge they had, whether their knowledge was organized as theory and what was the nature of the developmental change in physical knowledge. Results showed that, for falling object task children of all age had correct knowledge about object's falling phenomena. However, there were age differences in children's understanding of the cause of object's falling. As the children's age decreased, the frequency of explanation referring to the absence of supper rather than the gravity as the cause of falling phenomena increased. For the sliding object task, children of all age could predict the motion of sliding object correctly. But only a few 9- and 11-year-old children could understand the effect of object weight and relations between gravity, frictional force and their interactions. Children under age 7 showed no evidence of possessing these knowledge. For sinking or floating object task, children of all age and even adults showed difficulties in understanding the sinking or float phenomena per se. For the cause of these phenomena although a few 9- and 11-year-old children referred to buoyancy as the cause, they had no correct knowledge about the buoyancy. This was also true for the adults. As a conclusion, the results of this study suggested that, not 3, but as young as 5-year-old children's physical knowledge exited as a form of naive theory in terms of their use as a causal devise in explaining the cause of object motion. However, even the theory of 9- and 11-year-old children was lack of the abstractness and coherence, which were also important characteristics of a theory. Finally, developmental change in physical knowledge proceeded toward more frequent and consistent use of physical knowledge as causal device and more abstract and coherently organized theory.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.149-162
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• 2003

Schulz accepted the existentialist view based on Heidegger's thought and at the same time the objectivist view making fixed this living world, evoking controversies for discussion. He could not see various presentations of the meaning of place because he perceived elements of this world individually. Thus Schulz's mixed system of understanding is sternly different from Heidegger's thought. First, Heidegger suggests that place as existential space represents the occasion revelation of incidents in Dasein. While Schulz recognizes that place is a systematic space predetermined for Dasein. Second, Heidegger interprets the placeness as creative openness in which elements comprising this world face and interact with each other into one. In contrast, Schulz defines each of the elements through signification and regards it as invariable and static. Third, Heidegger perceives that the placeness is expressed with sustainable, complex images through "rift-design" which seeks dynamic interactions between the ground and the world. While Schulz attempts to take "Genius Loci" or "habituated scene" through "gathering" as a concept he regards static and then visualize such structural two factors, producing certain internal images of place. However, limits of Schulz's theory prevent us from exerting complete imagination and discovering the inner creative world of the object. Thus the ultimate goal of paying attention to the placeness, that is, the recovery of individual identity, fails due to the prevalence and abstraction of objectified thinking. In contrast, Heidegger's thought about "openness" is a useful means of realizing the placeness. Openness may be referred to a dynamic coordination in which the earth and the world sustain each other under incessant mutual tensions, but not sticking o each other. "Rift-design" is an openness strategy to cause tense relations by preventing structuralization intentively. This is a creative design that allows seeing original seams of the object.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.63-69
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• 2015

There are various researches which proposed an automatic instance generation from freetext on the web. Existing researches that focused on English, adopts pattern representation which is generated by simple rules and regular expression. These simple patterns achieves high performance, but it is not suitable in Korean due to differences of characteristics between Korean and English. Thus, this paper proposes a novel method for generating patterns and instances which focuses on Korean. A proposed method generates high quality patterns by taking advantages of dependency relations in a target sentences. In addition, a proposed method overcome restrictions from high degree of freedom of word order in Korean by utilizing postposition and it identifies a subject and an object more reliably. In experiment results, a proposed method shows higher precision than baseline and it is implies that proposed approache is suitable for self-knowledge learning system.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.36-36
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• 2013

Globular clusters (GCs) are among the oldest stellar objects in the universe and provide valuable constraints on many aspects of galaxy evolution. GC systems typically exhibit bimodal color distributions the phenomenon of which has been a major topic in the area of GC research. GC color bimodality established a paradigm where scenarios to explain its origin require two GC groups with different formation origins. The GC division, asserted mainly by photometric color bimodality so far, has been viewed as the presence of two distinct metallicity subgroups within individual galaxies. In this study, we make use of spectroscopy of GC systems associated with two giant galaxies, M31 (the Andromeda) and M87 (NGC 4486), to investigate the GC bimodality and the underlying metallicity distributions. Recent spectroscopy on the globular cluster (GC) system of M31 with unprecedented precision witnessed a clear bimodality in absorption-line index distributions of old GCs. Given that spectroscopy is a more detailed probe into stellar population than photometry; the discovery of index bimodality may point to the very existence of dual GC populations. However, here we show that the observed spectroscopic dichotomy of M31 GCs emerges due to the nonlinear nature of metallicity-to-index conversion and thus one does not necessarily have to invoke two separate GC subsystems. We present spectra of 130 old globular clusters (GCs) associated with the Virgo giant elliptical galaxy M87, obtained using the Multi-Object Spectrography (MOS) mode of Faint Object Camera and Spectrograph (FOCAS) on the Subaru telescope. M87 GCs with reliable metallicity measurements exhibit significant inflection along the color-metallicity relations, through which observed color bimodality is reproduced from a broad, unimodal metallicity distribution. Our findings lend further support to this new interpretation of the GC color bimodality, which could change much of the current thought on the formation of GC systems and their host galaxies.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.431-444
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• 2008

Today people obtain much information about appearances through movies. The stars' body images in movies have been created through total fashion as they play the roles of an ideal model to create actual body images. This study examined the relations between the body images in the film media in terms of appearances or total fashion and actual body images based on the simulation theory by Jean Baudrillard. It conducted a literature study by collecting and analyzing film media-related picture images from books, papers, periodicals and the Internet home and abroad. The research scope was limited to the stars who made appearances in movies and the ones who starred in movies in addition to their other lines of work. As a result, the following conclusions were drawn; the stars' body images went hyperreal between their actual body images and the ones of their roles in movies and then were simulated in fashion. To be specific, 1. the stars' actual body images went hyperreal and were simulated in fashion in the following cases; 1) the stars in the heyday of film; 2) fashionistas; and 3) pictures taken by paparazzi. 2. The body images of their roles went hyperreal in the following cases; 1) through brand participation; 2) through changed body images; and 3) through cyber body images. Their body images became hyperreal and were simulated in fashion by the input of fashion designers and the techniques of other areas. The body images in film are the object of desire to the audience. They go hyperreal and become the ideal body image to real people. The various kinds of hyperreal images in the film media create new beauty as a reference and object of comparison for people to change their body images in reality.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
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• v.7 no.11
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• pp.2893-2912
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• 2013

The design of geometrically invariant watermarking is one of the most challenging work in digital image watermarking research area. To achieve the robustness to geometrical attacks, the inherent characteristic of an image is usually used. In this paper, a geometrically invariant image watermarking scheme using connected objects and gravity center is proposed. First, the gray-scale image is converted into the binary one, and the connected objects according to the connectedness of binary image are obtained, then the coordinates of these connected objects are mapped to the gray-scale image, and the gravity centers of those bigger objects are chosen as the feature points for watermark embedding. After that, the line between each gravity center and the center of the whole image is rotated an angle to form a sector, and finally the same version of watermark is embedded into these sectors. Because the image connectedness is topologically invariant to geometrical attacks such as scaling and rotation, and the gravity center of the connected object as feature points is very stable, the watermark synchronization is realized successfully under the geometrical distortion. The proposed scheme can extract the watermark information without using the original image or template. The simulation results show the proposed scheme has a good invisibility for watermarking application, and stronger robustness than previous feature-based watermarking schemes against geometrical attacks such as rotation, scaling and cropping, and can also resist common image processing operations including JPEG compression, adding noise, median filtering, and histogram equalization, etc.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.9 no.8
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• pp.950-962
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• 2006

Recently, there have been increased many 3 dimensional graphic applications in Internet. Thus, a growing number of methods have been proposed for retrieving 3-D graphic data using their 3D features such as color, texture, shape, and spacial relations. However, few researches focus on 3D graphic modeling and database storage techniques. In this paper, we introduce a system that can store 3D graphics data modeled by XML-based 3D graphics markup language, 3DGML, and support content-based retrievals on 3D data by using SQL. We also present a mapping technique of 3DGML to relational database. The mapping process includes the extraction of semantic information from 3DGML and translate it into relational format. Finally, we show examples of SQL queries which use the 3D information contained in a 3D scene such as objects, 3D features, descriptions and scene-object component hierarchy.