• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.385-394
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• 2007

The purpose of this study was to determine the zinc status of preschool children in Ulsan. The study was conducted in 95 children aged 3 to 6 years by investigating the anthropometric indices and assessing the biochemical analysis. The blood was analysed to assess serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase. And a questionnaire for dietary intakes using 24-hr recall method were performed by mothers of 95 subjects. The dietary intakes of children were analysed to determine the prevalence of inadequate and excessive intakes of zinc with Dietary Reference Intakes for Koreans (KDRIs). WHL (Weight-Length Index) and Kaup index were used to define obesity. The overall prevalence of overweight and obese subjects were 14.7% and 6.3% by WHL, were 15.8% and 13.7% by Kaup index. The mean intakes of zinc by children aged 3${\sim}$5y and 6y were 5.5 ${\pm}$ 1.4 mg/d (75.7% RDA) and 6.7 ${\pm}$ 2.0 mg/d, respectively, that was the level exceeding the estimated average requirement (EAR) and the recommended intake (RI) of Korean Dietary Reference Intakes. Less than 1.3% and 7.9% of children had usual zinc intakes below EAR and RI of KDRIs, respectively. The percentages of children with intakes exceeding the tolerable upper intake level (UL) were 2.6%. The zinc nutritional status by biological assay was found that mean serum zinc and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) of total subjects were 64.0 ${\pm}$ 8.4 ${\mu}$g/dl and 72.8 ${\pm}$ 14.9 U/L, there was not a significant difference between boys and girls. The range of serum zinc level was 45${\sim}$89 ${\mu}$g/dl and children with a low serum zinc concentration by several cut-off points were 18.9${\sim}$55.8%, especially. Serum zinc level was positively correlated to the intakes of calorie, calcium, fiber, iron, zinc, zinc/kg and height (p<0.001). Serum ALP was positively correlated height, weight and WLI. The zinc intake of children aiso showed a positive correlation with height and weight. These results indicate that there were significant correlations between the zinc status and growth of preschool children. Preschool children in Ulsan have dietary zinc intakes that exceed the new DRIs. The present level of intake does not seem to pose a health problem, but if zinc intakes with fortified foods and supplements were considered, the amount of zinc consumed by children may become excessive.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.41 no.1
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• pp.54-64
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• 2008

We examined the effect of dietary behavior improvement on diet quality, body composition and blood lipid profiles in 68 middle-aged women. Dietary behavior intervention was consisted of counselling in the problem areas of portion control, food selection for low carbohydrate and high fiber food items, and education on the improvement of micronutrient intakes and diet quality. The subjects were divided into two groups; Improved or Not-Improved Group according to the level of changes in dietary behavior scores. After 6 months, body weight, BMI, waist-hip ratio, and visceral fat area were significantly decreased in the Improved Group compared to the Not-Improved Group. Calorie-adjusted protein, fiber, calcium, iron and vitamin C intakes were significantly increased in the Improved Group. The index of nutritional quality (INQ) and mean adequacy ratio (MAR) were increased only in the Improved Group. We observed a significantly increase in HDL-cholesterol and a decrease in total cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL-cholesterol, and an improvement of atherogenic index in the Improved Group. These results showed that dietary behavior intervention improved dietary behavior scores, and those whose dietary behavior score improved showed more improvement in diet quality, body composition, and serum profiles than those whose dietary behavior score did not improve.

• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.1-16
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• 1982

Excessive fat deposition, particularly in the abdominal region, has become a problem in broiler production. When the caloric intake exceeds the body demands for energy, excess food is stored as fat in broilers. Researchers have shown that fat deposition varies with breed, strain, sex age, nutrition, exercise, ambient temperature and rearing systems. These factors affect fat deposition through their effects on the size or the number of adipose cells or a combination of both. In some measurements on live birds to predict body fat, the wet weight and percentage fat of skin in pectoral feather tract are significantly correlated with percentage abdominal fat. But these correlation coefficients are not so high. Therefore, correlation coefficients indicate that these measurements on live birds ate not useful for estimating body fat weight and percentage. Most reports show that an increase in the proportion of carcass fat, when measured at a given age, is correlated with selection for increased body weight. On the other hand some research results show that selection for body$.$weight gain dose not lead to an alteration in the proportion carcass fat when measured at a given body weight. Besides, selection for improved food conversion efficiency alone resulted in a decrease in carcass fat and an increase in protein and water when measured at either a given age or body weight, Thus eventhough it is uncertain whether carcass fat is increasing as a result of body-weight selection in broilers: however it is clear that selection for improved food conversion efficiency, either alone or in combination with growth rate, should result in leaner carcasses than selection for growth rate alone.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2020

Hypertension often leads to cardiovascular disease and kidney disease, and hypertention is an important worldwide problem. Body mass index (BMI) has an important role for raising blood pressure. Further, hypertension can be affected by both environmental factors and genetic factors. Many single nucleotide polymorphisms have been associated with hypertension. Genome wide association study (GWAS) is a method of confirming a new locus of increasing the risk of disease, and GWAS has confirmed several single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are associated with high blood pressure. This study analyzed the relationship between systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and SNP of the ATP2B1 gene in 994 Koreans. SNPs that showed the highest statistical significance with systolic and diastolic blood pressures were selected on the multiple linear regression analysis. One-way analysis of variance for systolic and diastolic blood pressures was performed, and multiple logistic regression analysis was performed on the risk of hypertension. The P values were two-tailed, and P<0.05 was considered significant. Four SNPs were associated with systolic blood pressure and six SNPs were associated with diastolic blood pressure. In addition, a genotype-based analysis showed significant odds ratios for the risk of hypertension in older men (adjusted OR, 5.743; 95% CI, 1.173~28.121; P=0.031). This study suggests that the ATP2B1 variants affect both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.82-89
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• 2016

And by entering into an aging society with economic growth "beautiful and healthy desire to live', aesthetics industry as promote interest in 'Anti-aging' is emerging as a promising business increased significantly the skin care market. However, the management of the hospital or the temporal order to receive professional care providers, spatial, and cost constraints caused many companies to solve this problem began to approach the Home Care Area. Global trends in personal skin care market has been activated, the domestic has been activated at low cost, private market due to the recession. We have performed this test in order to develop a skin care device for home in order to compensate for this point.In this paper, we develop a low-level laser to create a personal skin care products and sought to incorporate them into the skin cosmetic.Expand the pores by using the low-level laser to the skin by to the dermal layer of the skin was penetrated aim experiment the ampoule, and by a comparison of the medical low-level laser reliability and determine the effectiveness or absence of the performance and efforts to commercialize.

• Journal of the Korea Computer Industry Society
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.477-493
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• 2005

The cause of the eating disordered diet, which is a main topic of this study, has not been identified clearly, however, has been affected by an emphasis of western norm of a beauty - being tall and skinny - since the eighties. Another reason would be his/her lack of self-confidence and willingness to resolve his/her unsatisfied mental problem. There are two different of eating disordered diets; anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa. firstly, a patient of anorexia nervosa which is characterized by the loss in weight, tends to either deny meals, due to his/her desire to be skinny and a fear of gaining the weight. Secondly, a patient of bulimia nervosa eats much more food than an ordinary person does in around two hours and then removes them by doing vomiting with drugs. obesity is defined as overweight by $20\%$ and more than normal weight. In this case, body mass index(BMI) defined by the ratio of the weight(kg) to the height(m') is used. BMI = Weight(kg) / Height(m) In this paper, a list of questioneire for an adolescent to self-diagnosis the possibility of his/her eating disorder diet is identified and then a multi-media system which incorporates the list is designed and implemented with ASP language as a server language on a local host.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.23 no.6
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• pp.488-495
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• 2018

Objectives: This study examined the milk intake patterns with lactose and milk fat in Korean male adults using the following variables: milk intake level, awareness of lactose, and milk fat, health problems, and necessity of milk intake. In addition, the factors affecting milk intake were analyzed by multiple regression analysis. Methods: The subjects were 532 males aged 20 years or older among the nationwide milk purchasing group. The subjects were 223 (41.9%) in the 20-29 year age group, 188 (35.3%) in the 30-49 year age group and 121(22.7%) in the over 50 year age group. The survey was conducted using ANOVA and multiple comparative analysis to examine the differences in age and multiple regression analysis was performed to investigate the factors affecting the intake of milk. Results: The intake of milk in the subjects was $538.14{\pm}494.23ml$ per week. There were statistically significant differences in the subjects' age according to processed milk, low fat, nonfat milk, cheese, and ice cream. The perception of milk and lactose and milk fat was recognized as a good food for skeletal health when milk was consumed. Among the milk nutrients, lactose was highly recognized at the age of 20-29, and milk fat was recognized in those over 50 years. In addition to lactose and milk fat, calcium was the most highly recognized among the milk nutrients. Health problems associated with milk were skeletal health, obesity, and lactose intolerance. The perception of lactose intolerance was related to lactose intolerance and fatness, and the dietary behavior was unaffected. Conclusions: This study examined the milk intake patterns of adult Korean males. Many variables were found to be related to the intake of milk. In this study, the milk intake was high when there was no problem with the perception and dietary behaviors of milk nutrition (lactose and milk fat). This study focused on lactose and milk fat, which are major nutrients in milk, and it is a new perspective study among milk-related research.

• Journal of the Korea Society of Computer and Information
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• v.27 no.8
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• pp.161-168
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• 2022

In this study, a survey on the wearing satisfaction of commercial men's upper body correction underwear was conducted targeting mildly obese men in their twenties, and it was intended to suggest improvement points for the correction underwear. The product used for the study was Adapt's 95 PROBLEM, and 15 subjects were selected as males in their 20s with a BMI of 25-30 (mild obesity). As a result, men's awareness and interest in corrective underwear were low. In the wearing satisfaction survey, 74% of those who answered negatively that it was uncomfortable to wear and take off. In terms of pressure relief, 60% of those who felt the pressure was strong at the beginning, but as time passed, they got used to it and answered that there was no major inconvenience. However, with regard to digestion after a meal, 40% of the subjects felt that the pressure interfered with digestion. There were many deficiencies in terms of functionality, with more than half of those who responded negatively with regard to stuffiness and heat, and many negative opinions regarding sweat absorption and discharge. In the visual section, positive reaction was shown in chest, side waist and front waist correction, and among them, the front waist had the highest score. In conclusion, it seems that functional parts related to heat and sweat must be improved in consideration of the stuffiness and indigestion brought about by excessive pressure for men's upper body correction underwear.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.22-28
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• 2004

Objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence rate of OSA in subjects whose main sleep complaint is insomnia and to find differential factors of OSA in these insomniac subjects. Method: We reviewed the medical records and polysomnographic findings of patients referred to the Sleep Laboratory at Seoul National University Hospital from January 1996 to December 2002. Four-hundred and seventy subjects complained of insomnia as their main sleep problem (235 males and 235 females, mean age $53.6{\pm}12.4\;years$). First, we investigated the prevalence rate of OSA in these insomniac patients. Second, we compared the clinical and demographic characteristics of the OSA-associated group with those of the non-associated group. Third, we examined whether the degree or presence of differential factors within the OSA group correlate with severity of OSA, as determined by the respiratory disturbance index (RDI). Results: Among 470 insomniac subjects, 125 subjects (26.6%) were diagnosed as OSA by nocturnal polysomnography. OSA-associated subjects were significantly older ($58.4{\pm}12.3\;years$ vs. $51.8{\pm}11.2\;years$, p<0.01), and had significantly higher body mass index (BMI) ($23.4{\pm}3.3\;kg/m^2$ vs. $22.5{\pm}3.1\;kg/m^2$, p=0.44) than non-associated subjects. The OSA-associated group had more subjects with male gender (64.0% vs. 44.9%, p<0.01), hypertension (20.0% vs. 9.3%, p<0.01) or snoring (96.0% vs. 63.5%, p<0.01). Within the OSA-associated group, age had a significant positive correlation with RDI (p=0.01). Conclusion: We found that a considerable portion of patients complaining of insomnia as their main sleep problem were diagnosed as OSA. Snoring, old age, male gender, obesity, and comorbid hypertension were found to be differential factors of OSA in insomniac patients. We suggest that diagnostic efforts including nocturnal polysomnography are needed for insomniac patients with any of the above risk factors of OSA.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.85-123
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• 2004

Back ground : Subcutaneous fat area is the main factor involved in replacement disease and arteriosclerosis. Simple weight control is the appropriate medical treatment. It's understood that weight reduction does not only reduce the fat concentrations in blood but also reduces blood pressure, improves glucose levels in diabetes patients and reduces incidents of heart disease. there are several methods for reducing fat in the abdominal region but their effectiveness is not folly understood. one method is electrical stimulation of the problem areas. Method : From May 1st 2002 to October 31st. The 15 subjects who received medical examination were aged between 25 and 53 and were of mixed gender. The subjects were divided into two groups one to received functional electrical stimulation and the other a control group. Using Broca's criterion for judging fat grades. I analysed the differences between the two groups before and after the treatment. Subjects received functional electrical stimulation on the abdominal muscle intensity 50Hz. They received this treatment 4 days a week for 40 minutes a day. In the case of aerobic exercise, at the Treadmill, we used it with the intensity of $75\%$ maximum heart rate (220-age). Result 1)After functional electrical stimulation in the case of male subjects, the weight was reduced 1.93kg, obesity $2.60\%$, fat mass 2.73kg, Percent body fat $4.40\%$, waist circumference 6.53cm, circumference of hips 5.53cm. On the other side, the quality of muscle was increased at the rate of 1.03kg, but it's not attentional level. The subcutaneous fat area was reduced by $26.63cm^2$, the visceral fat area was reduced by $43.00cm^2$, In the female subjects, we can see the reduction of fat grade by $26.63cm^2$, the quantity of body fat by 1.5kg, percent body fat by $1.77\%$, circumference of waist by 4.02cm, circumference of hips by 3.67cm, weight by 1.40kg but was increased 0.72kg at the quantity of muscles. We can see the reduction also in the subcutaneous fat area $24.03cm^2$, the visceral fat area by $25.36cm^2$. 2)After aerobic exercise, on the male subjects, we can see reduction of weight by 3.36kg, obesity by $4.00\%$, fat mass by 2.83kg and we can see increase at the soft lean mass by 2.96kg, but we can see reduction, the percent body fat by $3.03\%$, fat distribution by $0.023\%$, circumference of waist by 3.10cm, circumference of hips by 2.23cm. The female subjects show a reduction in the weight by 2.48kg, percent body fat by $2.20\%$, show an increase in the soft lean mass by 1.54kg. We can see a reduction in the quantity of fat mass by 2.32kg, the percent body fat by $2.80\%$, the circumference of waist by 2.16cm, the circumference of hips by 2.68cm, the fat distribution by $0.016\%$, the subcutaneous fat area by $15.25cm^2$ the visceral fat area by $11.52cm^2$. After aerobic exercise, we can't see the attentional change at the total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol. 3)After the application of functional electrical stimulation and aerobic exercise, in result of measurement on the body ingredient, we could see the weight reduction and increase the quantity of muscle with the male group who exercised aerobic. We can see the attentional rate on the electrical stimulation about abdominal fat rate, circumference of waist, circumference of hips. The other hand, I couldn't see the attentional differences between the two groups in the rate of fatness and quantity of body fat and the rate of body fat. There isn't any attentional difference in the area of fat under skin, on the contrary, There is attentional difference in the fat in the internal organs area at the electrical stimulation site. We can't see the attentional change of total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol between electrical stimulation and aerobic exercise. 4)After execution of functional electrical stimulation and aerobic exercise, in result of measurement on change of body ingredient among female objects, We could see weight reduction, increase at muscle quantity in the aerobic exercise group. We could see the attentional differences in the rate of fatness, the rate of abdominal region, the circumference which received electrical stimulation. But, we couldn't see the attentional differences between two groups in the quantity of body fatness, the circumference of hips. The subcutaneous fat area doesn't show the attentional differences. On the Contrary, we could see lots of differences in the visceral fat area of the electrical stimulation group. Conclusion The results show that functional electrical stimulation and aerobic exercise have insignificant differences when if comes to total cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol. Though there is affirmative change in body ingredient after both electrical stimulation and aerobic exercise. Functional electrical stimulation is more effective on the subcutaneous fat area and in changing visceral fat area. There fore. It is concluded that the physical therapy is more effective in the treatment of abdominal fatness.