• 한국의류산업학회지
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• 제8권6호
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• pp.697-701
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• 2006

The physical traits and the body fat rate of women in 20s~30s in China and Korea, which are very adjacent to each other but different, were compared and examined. By this research, the physical type of women in both countries were examined, and the result was as follows. As Chinese women in 20s~30s got older their weight become heavier. In the case of circumference items, the significance was acknowledged in all the items except items of chest circumference, hip circumference and stature. On the other hand, as Korean women in 20s~30 got older their stature decreased, but their weight got heavier. In the case of circumference items, the significant was acknowledged in all the items except items of thigh circumference, calf circumference and minimum leg circumference. In addition, the value of anthropometry of Chinese and Korean women had some difference. Especially item chest circumference and hip circumference were higher in Korean women, and these body sizes were related with the obesity. Also, it was revealed that Korean women were exposed to obesity more than Chinese women. In the case of both Chinese and Korean women, the index of obesity belonged to the range of normality, but the body fat rate and BMI Index of Korean women were a little higher than in Chinese women.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.419-429
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• 2008

This study was conducted to analyze the characteristics of women's body somatotypes by direct measurements. Through the classification of degree of obesity and silhouette, women in their 20s who have a great interest in body somatotype can grasp their real somatotype and recognize their obesity rate and silhouette easily. The results are as follows: 1. Average sizes of subjects for this study were: height 160.3cm, weight 52.2kg, bust 83.7cm, waist 65.7cm, hips 91.1cm. And average values of each body mass index were: BMI 20.3, Rohrer Index 1.27, Vervaeck Index 84.8. 2. For the BMI value, the Average Numeric Index of normal somatotype was the highest, 76.9%. The Rohrer Index of underweight somatotype was 34.3% and the Average Numeric Index was 1.12. In the Vervaeck Index, underweight somatotype was 35.7%, and the average Numeric Index was 79.1, while the overweight somatotype was 7.4% of the Vervaeck Index and 100.8 of the Average Numeric Index. So the index which had the largest range of normal values from the same subjects, was the BMI, then the Rohrer Index, and finally, the Vervaeck Index in that order. 3. In the result of sorting bodies with silhouettes, when drop value were used to sort, N type (normal somatotype) was 69.4%, H type (one has similar sizes in waist size and hips) was 20.4% and A type (one has big hips) was 10.2% in that order. Among people in their early 20s, A type was 12.1%. H type was high, 22.8%, among women in their late 20s. When Sinozaki's method of classifying body types was used, ideal somatotype was 86.6%, A type was 7.4%, I type was 5.6% and X type was 0.5%. Women in their late 20s showed higher rates of ideal somatotype, the rates of A type and I type were lower than women in their early 20s.

• 보건교육건강증진학회지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.131-147
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• 2007

As overweight and obese people have increased, obesity management programs have generated much concern in Korea. Many types of obesity management programs were operated, aimed at reducing weight, BMI, body fat percentage and so on. This study was conducted to review the features of studies in obesity management programs and systematically assess the effects which were published from 1995 to 2006 in Korea. Databases were systematically searched for published data in Korea. It were KISS (Korean studies information services system) and KERIS (Korean Education research information system), which were major literature search systems for all academic fields in Korea. Total 114 studies were initially identified, of which 21 satisfied our inclusion data. The effects of obesity management programs were assessed on the results in weight, BMI (body mass index), HDL (high density lipids), body fat percentage, self-efficacy. Effect size estimated on the equation of M1 - M2 / Sp, where M1 was mean of the experimental group, M2 was the mean of control group, and Sp was the pooled standard deviation. Magnitude of effect size was interpreted by using Cohen's definition. Cohen described small, medium, and large effect sizes as 0.2, 0.5, and 0.8 respectively. The studies about obesity management programs were the most published in 2005(26.1%). Obesity management programs were popularly operated as the type of 12 weeks intervention, exercise intervention(52.4%), quasi-experimental study(85.7%). Ten studies reported significant effects on weight, and nine studies reported significant effects on BMI and HDL. Only five and three studies reported significant effects on body fat percentage and self-efficacy respectively. The effects of each outcome were generally significant when the studies included these elements, intervention over 10 weeks, evaluation over 3 times, a comprehensive program (exercise, nutrition education, behavior modification) and reinforcing factors (self-monitoring, group discussion, one's goal setting, and etc.). Effective obesity management programs should contain these essential elements and objectives of obesity management programs must be set out evident at the beginning. The participants should be registered, educated and evaluated by continuous obesity management programs.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.17-27
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• 2013

This study has the purpose to examine the effects of stone massage therapy on abdominal obesity reduction. 10 sessions for 5 weeks two times a week of stone massage therapy were offered to 43 adult females who were 40s through 70s with 27% or more of body fat and the results were analyzed. The body composition like body fat mass, fat free mass, weight and skeletal muscular mass etc and the degrees of obesity like body fat ratio abdominal fat ratio were measured and analyzed before and after stone massage therapy. The results are as follows: First, the subjects were obese body type and stone massage therapy produced positive effects with body fat mass, fat free mass, weight and BMI value slightly less than before the therapy. Second, as the average values of body fat ratio and waist hip ratio of subject were significantly different statistically before and after the therapy, stone massage therapy was found to be effective in reducing abdominal obesity. Third, as for the change of waist hip ratio, the therapy was found to be effective in reducing waist hip ratio that 40s decreased insignificantly after the therapy, and 50s and 60s significantly at p<0.05 level respectively from 0.92 to 0.90 and from 0.93 to 0.92. In conclusion, the results of this study indicated that stone massage therapy has positive effects on abdominal obesity reduction, and can contribute to healthy life and well-being culture.

• Journal of Korean Biological Nursing Science
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• 제22권1호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2020

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to predict measuring site suited for abdominal skin fold thickness (ASFT) by measuring the distribution of abdominal subcutaneous fat thickness (AScFT) and ascertain the correlations among obesity indicators. Methods: The size of analysis materials was 124 secondary data measured by ultrasonic device, bioelectrical impedance analyzer and caliper. Data were analyzed using t-test, and Pearson's correlation. Results: The average of AScFT was 10.63± 6.79mm with its range 1.39-36.16 mm, and AScFT of female and of central parts were thicker than those of male and outer parts in the abdomen. The average of ASFT was 29.26±12.59 mm. Site 5 on Figure 1 was most similar to the average of AScFT in both sexes. Body mass index (BMI) and waist hip ratio (WHR) were 23.65±3.98 and 0.88±0.05 respectively. The body weight, BMI, WHR, visceral fat, ASFT vs AScFT revealed in significant correlation (r= .29, r= .55, r= .39, r= .33. r= .29). Conclusion: BMI and WHR seem more useful than other obesity indicators, when obesity control is necessary for Type 2 diabetes patients. Site 5 on Figure 1 is most suitable site to measure ASFT.

• 한방비만학회지
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• 제6권1호
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• pp.51-59
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was designed to evaluate the relationship with abdominal visceral fat area in obese patients identified as phlegm type. Methods : This research were performed in 201 cases, visited Kirin Oriental Hospital from March 2005 to February 2006 for weight loss. We measured body mass index(BMI), abdominal CT, and classified all patients into two groups, normal and obesity group. And then we differentiated patients with phlegm-retention symptom from patients without it through questionnaire made by Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine. Results and Conclusions : Phlegm type was significantly higher than them of no symptom of phlegm in the abdominal visceral areas(P=0.036) and ratio(P=0.007), in obesity group$(BMI{\geq}25)$. On the other hand, there is little difference between abdominal visceral fat areas of phlegm type and no symptom of phlegm in normal group. According to the above results, if obese patients are diagnosed as identification of phlegm type there is good chance of abdominal visceral obesity.

• 대한영양사협회학술지
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• 제12권3호
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• pp.254-263
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• 2006

Background: Type 2 diabetes is occuring in epidemic proportions worldwide and aging has been defined as one of the risk factors for the progression to diabetes. High carbohydrates intake increases blood sugar level and obesity in type 2 diabetes. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between carbohydrate intake and obesity in type 2 diabetes. Methods: The study subjects were 72 patients (male 27, female 45), who had been diagnosed as type 2 diabetes at Seoul National University of Bundang Hospital. Their anthropometric(height, weight, waist and hip circumference), biochemical(fasting blood sugar, postprandial -2hour blood sugar, HbA1C, C-peptide, insulin, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol) and body composition were measured. Dietary data were collected by trained interviewers using three non-consecutive food records. Results: The mean age of the subjects was 55.86$\pm$9.30 years, and the mean duration of disease was 1.9$\pm$1.72 years. The mean fasting blood sugar, postprandial-2hour blood sugar and HbA1C of the subjects were 151.91$\pm$34.65mg/dl, 235.23$\pm$70.74mg/dl and 7.45$\pm$1.13%, respectively. There was significant positive correlation of the percent body fat and hip to carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight in obese males (p<0.05). However, the correlation of biochemical factors to carbohydrate intake was not significantly different in obese and non-obese male. The correlation of anthropometry to carbohydrate intake/kg of body weight was not significantly different in obese and non-obese females (p<0.05), and other nutrients. We found significant association between carbohydrate intake and obesity in obese males among type 2 diabetes. The females in type 2 diabetes were affected by several factors rather than energy nutrient intake. Conclusion: In conclusion, the correlation of carbohydrate intake with obesity factor was different in males and females. Therefore, diabetic educators should individualize diabetes nutrition therapy considering the gender.

• 복식
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• 제38권
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• pp.279-288
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• 1998

The purpose of this paper was to find out obese women's respective characteristics of torso body shape. The subjects were 132 obese women for direct measurement and were 101 obese women for indirect measurement, age of 20~59. The criterial of obesity base on Rohrer index($\geq$1.6) and busts girth ($\leq$90). The results were as follows : 1) In comparison with the average body shapes in common body types, in 30's was bigger in the bust and waist girth than the different age groups. 2) According to the difference in the basic girth(bust and waist girth, hip and bust girth, hip and waist girth) the body types were classified 2 groups. Types 1 was large bust and slightly curved from waist to hip. Type 2 was large hip and larger in the curve from waist to hip than type 1.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제15권10호
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• pp.346-353
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• 2015

본 연구는 유산소 운동과 복합운동 후 신체조성과 스트레스의 변화를 확인하고 비만관리 운동프로그램 개발 시 근거자료로 활용하고자 시행하였다. 비만 여대생 40명을 유산소운동군(20명), 복합운동군(20명)으로 분류하였다. 매회 60분, 1주에 3회, 총 8주간 각각 운동프로그램을 시행한 후 신체조성 및 스트레스를 비교하였다. 연구결과, 유산소 운동군과 복합운동군 모두 체지방율이 유의하게 감소되었고, 비만스트레스는 복합운동군에서 유의한 감소가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 비만관리 운동프로그램을 개발 시 비만스트레스를 고려한 복합운동군이 더 적합할 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국의상디자인학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.133-146
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• 2021

It is important to conduct an anthropometric study to develop garment patterns to accommodate the changes found in the body size and type of men in their 30s, to effectively address fit dissatisfaction. Thus, this study aims to explore changes in the lower body sizes and body types of men in their 30s, and provide basic measurements for designing pants patterns. For this purpose, key anthropometric dimensions for the lower body of men in their 30s, which were acquired by the 6th (2010) and 7th (2015) survey conducted by Size Korea, were analyzed using SPSS 24.0 for Windows. Independent sample t-tests were conducted on major lower body sizes to track changes over time. Factor and cluster analyses were used to classify lower body types. From the comparison of the 6th (2010) and 7th (2015) surveys, it was found that the overall lower body size of men in their 30s were increasing in the height-related aspects, circumference, thickness, and width-as well as body weight and BMI. The five factors were derived to determine the typical lower body types of men in their 30s and the body types were classified into three categories through cluster analysis: (1) those with the largest body size, body volume, and obesity, (2) those with smallest body size, lower body volume, and obesity degree, visually the most skinny type, (3) those with BMI and weight that are the smallest, like Type 2, but the main circumference of the lower body is lower. In order to visually look at the statistical analysis, results were presented by producing a avatar based on the main lower body values.